Autonomy and adolescent social functioning: the moderating effect of risk

This study examined the moderating effect of risk on the relation between autonomy processes and family and adolescent functioning. The present sample comprised 131 adolescents from either a low-risk or high-risk social context, their mothers, and their peers. Observational ratings of autonomy processes within the mother-adolescent dyad were obtained, along with adolescent reports of the quality of the mother-adolescent relationship, and both adolescent and peer reports of the adolescent's functioning. Consistent with past research, in low-risk families, behavior undermining autonomy was negatively related to relationship quality, and adolescents' expressions of autonomy were linked with positive indices of social functioning. In high-risk families, however, undermining of autonomy was positively linked with mother-adolescent relationship quality, and adolescents' expressions of autonomy were linked with negative indices of social functioning. Results are interpreted as demonstrating the ways in which the developmental task of attaining autonomy in adolescence is systematically altered depending on the level of risk and challenge in the adolescent's social context.     

职业教育在社会分层过程中的矛盾作用:外部诱因及内部机制

职业教育是教育分流的重要路径,在社会分层中扮演着关键角色,但该角色在当代中国具有明显的矛盾色彩。从教育社会学的理论视角分析,中国职业教育虽在一定程度上发挥着使受教育者摆脱非技术性就业困境,促进阶层流动的作用,却在更大程度上受到教育体制、教育管理制度、传统文化等外因及教学内容、教学过程和教育身份文化等内因的限制而阻碍着阶层流动,总结上述内外因综合作用的理论模型,对国内职业教育的研究及改革有重要启示。     

高等职业教育人才培养模式构建探析

高等职业教育要按照社会和经济需要的现实、未来发展趋向和受教育者全面发展的需求为导向,培养具有高职业能力的技术型应用性人才。结合目前我国高等职业教育的人才培养目标,提出构建“以知识为基础,以素质为根本,以能力为中心”的高等职业教育人才培养模式。     

晚清职业教育的转型与嬗变

职业教育以社会需求及职业变革为导向,晚清时期,随着社会近代转型的开启,传统职业教育逐渐向近代职业教育演变,其主要表现为新式职业学校教育的创立与传统职业教育形式的嬗变。晚清时期职业教育的转型以移植为主要特征,在传统封建社会里,由于环境条件的不成熟,转型速度缓慢。     

Vocational education and training and the therapeutic turn

The concept of ‘therapeutic education’ is being increasingly used in contemporary education policy studies to identify learning initiatives which are dominated by objectives linked to personal and social skills, emotional intelligence and building self‐esteem. Contemporary educational goals connected with such strategies have been criticised for encouraging a ‘victim culture’ which marginalises learners and replaces the pursuit of knowledge and understanding with the development of personal values relevant to a life of social, cultural and economic risk and uncertainty. In relation to vocational education and training (VET) and post‐school policy trends in particular, Hayes has argued that preparation for work has abandoned vocational/occupational knowledge and skills in favour of providing learners with personal skills for emotional labour in low‐level service jobs. This paper interrogates such analyses and questions whether the therapeutic role of VET really is incompatible with the traditional objectives of developing knowledge, understanding and values in work environments. Links are made between new emphases on work‐based learning and the ‘caring’ conceptions of learning in post‐school education. It is concluded that—although therapy should not dominate VET—an attention to the important values dimension of learning in the field does involve a therapeutic dimension of some kind.     

课程改革与中职教师专业化成长

在职业教育中,教师始终是教育教学工作的核心力量。在新形势下,教师必须转变观念,坚持以学生为主体,以能力为本位,以技能为重点,以德育为核心的教育理念。要实现培养适合社会发展需要的人才,教师必须提高自己的理论水平,提高技能技术能力,提高教学改革实践能力,提高以德育为核心的教育教学方法与能力。这既是课程改革的要求也是教师自身专业化成长的需要。     

Incompatibility between pregnancy and educational projects,from the perspective of socially vulnerable adolescent women and men in Mexico

Research focused on adolescent pregnancy reports that this event acquires significance and has different consequences according to the context and social subjects who experience it. In this study, by means of a sample formed by adolescent women and men who are socially vulnerable in Mexico, with and without a history of pregnancy, we can see how this reproductive event turns into a factor of educational vulnerability and how their possibilities and expectations with respect to continuing in school are determined in a differentiated manner, according to gender. The findings show that adolescent pregnancy in vulnerable sectors is scarcely compatible with educational projects and that possibilities and expectations to continue in or re-enter the school system are determined by gender differences; these usually lead to fewer opportunities for adolescent women to return to school during or after pregnancy.     

职业教育与安徽乡村经济社会发展的思考

职业教育是教育与经济的结合点,是教育与社会各种职业沟通的桥梁。乡村职业教育是安徽省经济社会发展的重要基础和教育工作的战略重点,是实现乡村城镇化、现代化的重要支柱。目前,安徽省乡村经济社会发展滞后,劳动者整体素质低下,城乡差距较大。职业教育在转移剩余劳动力、促进乡村经济发展方面起着重要作用,大力发展职业教育、促进乡村和谐发展日益重要。政府应加强宏观调控和统筹;转变观念,端正办学方向,明确新型农民的培养目标;提高农民的科学文化素质;加大对职业教育的投资力度;同时,乡村职业教育应办出自己的特色。     

Longitudinal Assessment of Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescent-Family Interactions as Predictors of Adolescent Ego Development and Self-Esteem

This study examined links between processes of establishing autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-family interactions and adolescents' psychosocial development. Adolescents in 2-parent families and their parents were observed in a revealed-differences interaction task when adolescents were 14, and adolescents' ego development and self-esteem were assessed at both 14 and 16. Developmental indices were strongly related to autonomy and relatedness displayed by both parents and adolescents. Significant variance was explained even after accounting for the number and quality of speeches of each family member as rated by a different, well-validated family coding system. Increases in adolescents' ego development and self-esteem over time were predicted by fathers' behaviors challenging adolescents' autonomy and relatedness, but only when these occurred in the context of fathers' overall display of autonomous-relatedness with the adolescent. The importance of the mutually negotiated process of adolescents' exploration from the secure base of parental relationships is discussed.     

Education for Work: A Review Essay of Historical,Cross‐Cultural,and Disciplinary Perspectives on Vocational Education

In this review essay, K. Peter Kuchinke uses three recent publications to consider the question of how to educate young people for work and career. Historically, this question has been central to vocational education, and it is receiving renewed attention in the context of concerns over the ability of schools to provide adequate preparation for occupational roles and career success in a rapidly changing economic landscape. Philip Gonon's Quest for Modern Vocational Education provides a historical account of Georg Kerschensteiner's vision of the role of work as a central subject matter for all students. His approach served as the foundation for the dual system in present‐day Germany. Nancy Hoffman's Schooling in the Workplace contrasts the U.S. system of career preparation for non‐college‐bound students with that of five other OECD nations where workforce and academic preparation are more strongly connected to learning in the workplace. Christopher Winch's Dimensions of Expertise, finally, offers a conceptual analysis of central ideas of vocational knowledge and underscores the important role of learning in the context of practice. The three texts offer historical, comparative, and philosophical analyses of the complex task of preparation for work and challenge education scholars to move the subject matter into the center of contemporary educational theory.     

Lifelong learning and the limitations of economic determinism

The contemporary efflorescence of lifelong learning discourse in education and social planning is argued here to be, substantially, the product of economic determinism. That discourse is evaluated from the perspective of three progressive sentiments that have informed lifelong learning advocacy: the individual, the democratic and the adaptive. Each progressive sentiment is seen as expressing a central programmatic purpose for educational reform and as capturing its ethical thrust. Contemporary lifelong learning discourse is found to be only superficially expressive of these informing sentiments. The progressive, ethical, liberatory nature of each sentiment is marginalized or excluded from the discourse, which may best be seen, accordingly, as seriously regressive, counter-ethical and non-liberatory. It is substantially lacking in critical concern, social vision, and any commitment to social justice and equity. It constructs education as a commodified private good, for which individuals should pay. It focuses strongly on individual interests and on vocational skills development. That education which is funded by the state, is focused increasingly on the development of basic life and vocational skills in the interests of engagement in and service to the global economy. Educational engagement is increasingly seen as desirably embedded in the economically productive activities that are its desired outcomes, further limiting any opportunity for socially progressive learning. It is suggested that if the prevailing lifelong learning discourse is to be made more culturally progressive- in both its educational activities and its learning outcomes- it cannot be through a return to traditional progressive ideologies. Rather, it must accept prevailing epistemology in refocusing that discourse. Paradoxically, although non-compliant educationists are now largely marginalized and ineffectual in their influence on the nature of the contemporary lifelong learning agenda, their vocation and their increasing suffusion throughout contemporary cultural formations places them in a potentially strong position to lead cultural and educational change in directions that are more culturally progressive.     

Globalisation,post‐Fordism and open and distance education

Post‐Fordism and globalisation are interrelated contemporary features of social and economic development. Open and distance education are reflexively engaged with post‐Fordism and globalisation and this raises issues for policymakers and practitioners in open and distance education alike. Drawing on recent work by the author (Evans 1995a, 1995b) this article discusses some individual, social and educational issues concerned with globalisation, especially in relation to the emerging post‐Fordist forms and practices of open and distance education, and to the cross‐cultural contexts involved.     

职业教育“实践—参与”教学模式研究

职业教育“实践—参与”教学模式是在专业面向的职业实践共同体中,在教师指导下,学生沿着特定职业发展逻辑所规划的生涯路径,以职业实践为中心,以职业技能形成为目标,多要素、多层次的社会化具身参与系统。针对学校职业教育与工作场所之间长期存在的实践模式及其情境脉络不连续问题,“实践—参与”教学模式从职业实践的教育属性、职业知识的境脉依赖、职业学习的“参与”本质、职业技能形成的具身机制四个方面阐述了理论渊源;基于“实践共同体”模型建构了职业教育教学组织的新形态;从职业实践样本整体开发与共同体境脉展开两个方面,职业实践具身参与的行动、认知、交互和认证四个环节,提出了职业教育教学过程设计的新框架。     

Changing policy contexts and teachers´ work-life narratives: the case of Estonian vocational teachers

ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the work of teachers worldwide has undergone deep change. We have seen that teachers have encountered recent challenges differently and adapted to educational changes to a different extent depending on their personal disposition, but also school leadership and workplace support. This study focuses on the example of Estonian vocational teachers that serves as an interesting case for analysing how the interplay of the transitional context and neo-liberal policy trends adopted since Estonia regained its independence in 1991, after 50 years under Soviet rule, have affected the individual trajectories of teachers’ lives. This paper aims to understand how the interplay of the institutional context and individual (work) lives shapes Estonian vocational teachers’ understandings of their work and professionality. We suggest that certain periods of practice are visible in teachers’ narratives and those periods might be considered as enabling different degrees of agency. However, our interviews also revealed that different reform periods have been perceived and responded to differently. In the context of 25 years of the educational reform process, the policies and requirements introduced have been refracted at different levels (Goodson & Rudd, 2017), including that of the vocational field, the schools and individual teachers. Our results confirm that teachers individual, social, cultural and material resources such as competence, career stage, relations and networks, school leadership and prevailing culture at schools have their role in enabling or hindering the agency of teachers.     

From vocational training to open learning environments: vocational special needs education during change

This paper describes the development of education of students with special needs in vocational education. The paper is based on a case study research conducted in 2001–2005 in Jyväskylä Municipal Federation of Vocational Education in Central Finland. The study consisted of two parts: firstly of the historical analysis of special educational stages, and secondly of the contemporary analysis of special educational challenges in the research target. The Developmental Work Research model was used in attempting to get a systemic view of different factors affecting a special educational entity. The study showed the importance of a holistic view. The special educational system in the research target seems to be strongly linked to the general structure of vocational education, its goals, learning principles, legislation and personnel structure. The development of vocational special education in Jyväskylä followed the strongly regulated national guidelines set for vocational special education until the end of the 1990s. At that time new legislation, structural reforms and the change from norm‐based towards an autonomous information‐based self‐government opened doors for new special educational implementation. From the perspective of teachers specialized in special educational needs (SEN‐teachers) a clear change can be seen from an autonomous, defined work towards a loss of an expertise position. However, the strong linkage between general and special education in vocational education offers possibilities for inclusive education. In order to face the new challenges, the work of SEN‐teachers has to be redefined to clearly broaden the perspective from teaching towards new expertise in each educational establishment.     

高职高专统战工作模式探析

进入新世纪,异军突起的高职高专院校往往处于刚刚成立、转制或升格不久的新兴时期,当前工作重点主要放在适应社会发展需求的教学改革、基础建设、应用研究和学生工作上,统战工作往往是处于起步和探索阶段,加强和改进高职高专院校统战工作就显得更为艰巨。高职高专统战工作作为高校统战工作有机的组成部分,如何适应新形势新任务的要求,构建规范高效的统战工作模式,这是统战工作面临的一个重要课题,文章就建立高职高专统战工作模式从七个方面谈了一些认识和思考。     

浙江产业集群背景下高职集团化育人模式分析

浙江高等职业教育适应经济社会发展的区域化需求,通过集团基地学院建设、集团服务型教育体系建设、集团产学研建设、集团化育人模式的构建,在职业技术人才培养的定位、规格、规模上推进"集团基地"、"集团学院"专业建设,并聚合教育资源,推进"两创"人才培养工作,高位引领高质量就业,推进集团化育人内涵建设。高职教育集团化适应了新的劳动和职业发展的教育需求,集团化育人模式适应了职业分化下的高质量就业需求,集团化模式研究也就有了全新的命题。     

社会化语境下珠三角地区高职教育的缘起与困境探析

社会化语境下的高职教育不仅丰富了我国的教育体系,还体现了区域经济产业结构调整的风向标。珠三角高职教育的发展主要源于珠三角地区的人口城市化、社会管理创新和产业结构转型带来的外部需求。同时,这种实用主义需求带来了高职教育内部的困境,主要表现在内部管理体制结构性失衡、高职教育文化功利化位移、非均衡的内部分配方式及校企合作模式创新困难,这种融入区域经济社会发展带来的内部困境,使珠三角高职教育正面临发展的十字路口。     

职业教育就业导向异化及矫正路径

改革开放近40年来,我国职业教育取得了长足的发展.但是对于就业导向理解的偏差,给职业教育发展带来了不可避免的负面影响.就业导向的异化使得人才培养模式、办学价值追求、服务区域经济社会发展功能等方面出现了扭曲和偏差,不利于学生综合素质提升,也无助于学生在未来社会发展所需的持续竞争力的提升.因此,需要从职业教育的教育目标、教育理念、教育价值等三个方面加以矫正,纠正就业导向异化带来的偏差.     

高等职业教育价值观研究

教育价值观是主体关于教育价值的主观判断。高等职业教育依循传统大学和西方发达国家职业教育办学模式,在价值观上呈现出经世致用、功利主义和全面发展等代表性主张。但由于高职教育对于时代变迁和社会经济环境更为敏感．需要更加辩证地看待社会价值与个人价值的统一关系,厘清教育功能之取舍,彰显职教特性。所以,坚持以人为本,追求术道合一、担当社会责任的高职教育价值观,将更有益于引导高职教育的健康发展。