THE CHANGING NATURE OF MUSEUMS

Abstract This informal essay explores the changes natural history and science museums may encounter as their purpose, foundation, and patronage evolve from this histroical era to the next. The historical circumstances—scientific, social, and economic—that brought forth the great museums of the world no longer exist. In their place is a new public context that shifts attention from museums whose business is objects to organizations whose business is information. At the same time, the economic‐survival mechanism of museums is shifting from grand philanthropy to innovative development programs and market‐sensitive commercial endeavors. Meeting the needs of the next generations of visitors and cultivating the next generation of funders will not be simple. Massive changes in the social fabric of the nation will soon demand new kinds of institutions that play new roles in society. Museums that meet this challenge will not simply be competing with other sectors of society for public attention and funds. Future success will require the fundamental reinvention of museums so that their purpose is obvious and their mission is clearly aligned with the needs of future generations.     

民国档案劫难录

北洋政府档案厄运不断 北洋政府成立后,中央各部、局分别接管了清朝中央各衙署的档案,国务院秘书厅、铨叙局、蒙藏事务局分别接管了清内阁承宣厅、叙官局和理藩部的档案,其他各部也相应接管了清朝外交、内务、财政、陆军、海军、教育、司法、交通等部门的档案.     

论自然语言的优势与人工语言的消亡

文章分析了人工语言和自然语言各自的现状和优缺点,指出在不久的将来,人工检 索语言将被自然语言取代从而走向消亡。     

高校图书馆的工作性质正在变化

对1973年至1998年间在College＆Researeh Libraries News上发布的220价招聘广告所作的内容分析表明,到1998年时,所有高校图书馆职位在日常工作中都要用到计算机技术,教学已经成为参考工作不可分割的一部分,行为技能、尤其是口头和书面交流的技能已成为新的职业要求。作为高校图书馆员所需的专业学位,由美国图书馆协会认可(ALA—accredited)的图书馆学情报学硕士仍被广泛接受。     

"语境"的融合:解读图书馆知识公共性

有关图书馆知识公共性的讨论是一个理论与实践兼具的话题.其理论上的探讨需要从对知识本质的哲学追问开始,兼顾其他学科视域中的知识观点.而从实践的一面看,图书馆知识的公共性又与图书馆在知识社会进程中的作为密不可分.因此,对图书馆知识公共性的把握,需要在语境的融合中展开,即:哲学一般意义上的公共知识、经济学视角下的公共物品以及知识管理语境中可获得的知识.