安德森认知技能获得理论及其对教学的启示作用

安德森认知技能获得理论用简单的理论描述了认知技能获得的过程,也被称为"适应性控制理论"(简称为ACT理论)。最初的ACT理论经过修改后形成了ACT-R理论。安德森将知识划分为陈述性知识和程序性知识,对两种知识的获得过程加以解释,提出了认知技能获得过程的四阶段模型。安德森的理论对于教学有着重要的启示作用,为教师教学活动提供了指导。     

技能训练的三个阶段

根据学员学习技能的特点，我们一般把从不会到具备某项技能的形成过程分为初期技能形成阶段、技能形成反复阶段和技能形成具备完善阶段三个阶段。技能训练过程中的不同阶段学员的学习心理和对技能的掌握情况是不同的，技能培训教师应熟悉其中原理，并能根据学员各阶段学习不同特点而采取不同的教学方法，才能使学员更好地掌握所学技能。一、初期技能形成阶段在这个阶段，学员通过训练，由不懂到懂，由不会到会，技能的形成过程是最快的。但由于是刚接触技能操作，学员心情比较紧张，再加上操作要领掌握尚不熟练，经常会出现手忙脚乱、顾此失…     

高一化学新教材中的概念教学策略及其效果研究

智慧技能是人类认知能力中的一个重要组成部分，概念的掌握与否，掌握程度的深浅直接决定了智慧技能的高低．如果对学生学习及掌握概念的过程加以有意义的控制，使之符合智慧技能形成的自然规律，则将有助于促进学生形成较科学的、较完善的概念网络体系．概念控制掌握教学法的理论基础是前苏联心理学家加里培林的智力动作按阶段形成的理论．大致经历活动的定向阶段（即知道教师对活动过程与结果的要求），物质活动或物质化活动阶段（即利用实物或可操作的模型等进行认知活动的阶段），有声言语阶段（即用出声的言语陈述自己的认知活动的阶囹…     

浅析中学生运动技能认知阶段教学方法选择

中学生处于身体生长发育的特殊阶段,在体育教学中运动技能学习过程的认知阶段,教师应根据其表现出的生理及心理特性,有针对性的选择相应的教学方法,从而有效提升教学效果,更好的实现教学目标。     

中学作文评改中的情感渗透

“无论是学习活动的准备阶段、进行阶段或结束阶段，学生的认知过程与情感过程是交织在一起的统一过程。”（美国人本主义心理学家罗杰斯）的确，在教学过程中，通过师生之间、学生之间的情感交流和对教学目的的情感体验以及对教学情境的情绪感受，学生也在进行情感学习。一个教师如果注重情感教育，就可以激发学生的学习热情，使学生更好地掌握知识和技能，同时也可以培养学生具有各种健康的情感和良好的情感品质。     

数学教师教学技能发展路径探析

教师专业的发展是专业技能不断提高的过程。从多角度来认识教学技能的发展路径,有助于全方位认识或研究教师职业技能的成长规律。教育界必须以数学教师为研究对象,从认知心理学、发展控制方式、发展阶段等角度,对教学技能的发展路径进行探析。     

阶段侧重 整体推进

英语新课程标准突出听、说、读、写技能训练。初中阶段是技能训练的关键时期,但不同年级学生的认知水平不同,年龄特征有差异,教材特点有变化,技能训练的目标也不一样。针对这一情况,本文作者提出听、说、读、写在不同阶段可以有所侧重,有的放矢,从而推进基本技能的整体提高。     

浅谈在SOLO分类理论指导下的化学建模教学策略

运用SOLO分类理论和皮亚杰的认知发展阶段论，试图解决在化学建模教学过程中学生要学什么才能使教与学不脱节，教师如何监控学生对资料性知识和技能的学习质量，教师如何通过一定顺序的教学，帮助学生建构适当的模型，教师何时才能引导学生对已有模型进行分化和整合，以形成较高层次的模型，以及如何解决建模过程中学生发展不平衡的问题等。     

《学习曲线》2014年度报告基础教育乃终身学习之基

鉴于终身学习的马太效应,基础教育阶段所获技能越高,终身学习便越有助于减缓与年龄相关的技能衰退。     

学习的认知过程与电视教材设计

学习的认知过程与电视教材设计刘成新一、学习的认知过程广义的学习是指人不断获得知识和技能，形成新习惯，改变人的行为的较长过程。狭义的学习是指人对客观现实的认知过程，主要指有目的、有计划和有系统地掌握知识技能和行为规范的活动。学习的类型多种多样，按照认知...     

高职院校专业群人才培养的理论框架与行动策略——基于技能习得视角

高职院校专业群建设在聚拢松散资源过程中将会改变学生技能习得所处的情景,学生技能习得方式势必会发生变化。现阶段高职院校学生在技能习得过程中所处的任务情景、工作情景与职业情景滞后是专业群人才培养的重要困境。从合法的边缘参与的技能习得理论视角出发,专业群人才培养的技能习得可以分为任务熟练阶段、工作胜任阶段、职业系统阶段。推进专业群人才培养的技能匹配,需要专业群从过程性人才培养标准制定、符合实践逻辑的职业知识挖掘以及对应组群逻辑的专业资源空间整合等方面着力。     

基于认知信息加工理论的教师职业成熟阶段探讨

将多种理论、多门学科融入到教师职业成熟的研究中来是未来该领域研究的发展趋势,教师职业成熟阶段的研究也因不同理论的介入而呈现出不同阶段的景象。以认知信息加工理论为骨架来建构教师职业成熟阶段,将教师职业成熟阶段分为职业储备期、职业整合期、职业创生期,并揭示各阶段在其对应的知识领域、决策技能领域、执行加工领域中的特征表现,为丰富和拓展教师职业成熟阶段理论作有益的尝试。     

Facilitating Flexible Problem Solving: A Cognitive Load Perspective

The development of flexible, transferable problem-solving skills is an important aim of contemporary educational systems. Since processing limitations of our mind represent a major factor influencing any meaningful learning, the acquisition of flexible problem-solving skills needs to be based on known characteristics of our cognitive architecture in order to be effective and efficient. This paper takes a closer look at the processes involved in the acquisition of flexible problem-solving skills within a cognitive load framework. It concludes that (1) cognitive load theory can benefit from putting more emphasis on generalized knowledge structures; (2) there are tradeoffs between generality and power with respect to specific versus generalized knowledge structures; (3) generalized knowledge structures of “medium” generality are essential for flexible expertise; and (4) cognitive load theory could provide a valuable framework for considering essential attributes of flexible expertise.     

少儿英语教学与语言习得

语言学习和语言习得在学习效果上存在一定的差异.在少儿英语教学中发展儿童语言运用能力的关键在于教师应结合儿童认知能力的发展,从语言信息输入定位、输入输出定位、教学顺序定位、情感因素过滤方面来创设语言习得环境.     

The impact of individual differences and learning context on strategic skill acquisition and transfer

How individual differences in cognitive ability influence acquisition and transfer of strategic comparison skills was examined as a function of learning difficulty. Using a cognitive test battery, we classified forty-nine participants into three cognitive ability groups. Participants in each group were trained to compare similar (difficult training) or dissimilar (easy training) stimuli and then transferred to compare novel stimuli. Results suggest that overall individual differences in cognitive ability dictate the optimality of strategic skill development, though the effect of training difficulty on transfer performance varies with cognitive ability. Individuals with a midrange of cognitive ability are the most sensitive to the training context. Results are discussed with respect to the characteristics of strategic skills acquired and transferred.     

说汉语儿童疑问句习得个案研究

运用调查法、文献资料法、数理统计等方法对两名说汉语儿童从1岁到4岁进行长期跟踪调查研究,根据儿童的认知能力和语言能力,把儿童疑问句习得过程划分为四个阶段,对各阶段所获数据进行早期儿童疑问句习得的形式研究分析,结果显示各个阶段儿童的疑问形式凸显不一样,这表明儿童早期的疑问句习得受到认知能力和语言能力的限制。     

母语思维认知过程对大学英语听力的影响

在外语语言知识的学习与言语技能的习得中,大学生的思维方式与儿童的母语习得过程是明显不同的。就前者而言,他们已经形成了母语的思维模式和语音动型,并且形成了带固有性特征的汉语思维方式,这种原有知识对外语听力的学习过程会产生深远的影响。通过大学英语教学的实践,从母语思维的认知策略角度,分析影响学生听力理解的因素,并提出相关对策。     

Learning From Examples: Fostering Self-Explanations in Computer-Based Learning Environments

Cognitive skills acquisition involves developing the ability to solve problems in knowledge-rich task domains, and is particularly important for any individual attempting to meet the challenges of our modern, knowledge-driven economy. This type of economy argues for reconceptualizing cognitive skills acquisition as a lifelong process. Research has shown that worked-out examples are the key to initial cognitive skill acquisition and, therefore, critical to lifelong learning. The extent to which learners' profit from the study of examples, however, depends on how well they explain the solutions of the examples to themselves. This paper discusses our own research on different types of computer-based learning environments that indirectly foster self-explanations by (a) fostering anticipative reasoning, (b) supporting self-explanations during the transition from example study to problem solving, and (c) supporting self-explanation activities with instructional explanations. It also discusses ways of leveraging new computer and video technologies to enhance these environments by representing problem situations and their concepts dynamically. The paper concludes by suggesting that these learning environments, if employed successfully, can encourage systematic, lifelong learning.     

Schooling for self-employment in Kenya: The acquisition of craft skills in and outside schools

Primary schooling will continue to be the terminal stage of education for most Kenyan children, and it will have to prepare them for employment that they will create for themselves. What this might imply for the teaching of craft skills is examined. Soapstone carving was selected as the subject of study because it is an important form of self-employment in western Kenya. The acquisition of craft skills in and outside schools was compared using observational and experimental methods. It is argued that school instruction provides little opportunity to develop competence in carrying out cognitive and psychomotor tasks important to expert performance in this and perhaps many other craft occupations.     

ACT—R理论框架下教学技能的获得和运用

教学技能是教师必备的基本技能,然而对于教学技能如何获得和运用的认识却一直存在争议。文章从认知心理学视角入手,应用ACT-R理论对陈述性知识和程序性知识的研究成果。在其框架下对教学技能的获得和运用阶段的认知机制进行了探讨。