教师如何达成『三维』教学目标

新一轮的基础教育课程改革确定了“三个维度”的教学目标,即知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观。教师如何达成“三维教学”目标?首先要理解内涵,理清关系。知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观本身就是一种教学的价值取向,不能只把它看成一种教学评价要求。在教学目标中,知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观“三个维度”,并非是简单的并列,而是要彼此渗透、相互融合,统一到学生的成长与发展之中。知识、技能是实现过程与方法、情感态度与价值观两个维度目标的载体,过程与方法是链接知识与技能、情感态度与价值观两个维…     

小学数学课堂“过程目标”教学研究

新课程倡导课堂教学要实现三维目标：知识与能力,过程与方法,情感、态度与价值观。这三者之间,既是一个整体,不可分割,但又不是简单的并列关系,而是彼此渗透,相互融合,统一于学生的成长与发展之中。知识与技能是实现过程与方法和情感态度与价值观两个目标维度的载体,过程与方法是链接知识与技能和情感态度与价值观两个维度的桥梁,情感、态度、     

物理实验教学中三维目标的体现

《物理课程标准（实验）》将课程的具体目标划分为三个维度：“知识与技能”;“过程与方法”;“情感、态度与价值观”。教师必须具有三维目标的意识,要在每一次的教学活动中尽可能地体现三维目标,使落实三维目标成为自觉行为。本文从四个方面阐述了在实验教学中对三维目标的具体落实。     

小学数学课堂“过程目标“教学研究

新课程倡导课堂教学要实现三维目标:知识与能力,过程与方法,情感、态度与价值观.这三者之间,既是一个整体,不可分割,但又不是简单的并列关系,而是彼此渗透,相互融合,统一于学生的成长与发展之中.知识与技能是实现过程与方法和情感态度与价值观两个目标维度的载体,过程与方法是链接知识与技能和情感态度与价值观两个维度的桥梁,情感、态度、价值观是教学中知识与技能、过程与方法的升华.从这个意义上说,活动与过程是三维课程目标得以实现的中介与机制.三维目标中最突出的着力点是“过程与方法“.教学实践中问题最大的也是过程与方法目标的落实.因为这是动态的因素,最不容易控制,也最需要讲教育艺术.可以采取哪些策略,实现三维目标中“过程与方法“的有效落实呢?……     

政治教学“三维目标”新思考

新课程改革把教学目标定位在“知识与技能”“过程与方法”“情感态度与价值观”为维度的“三维目标”上。在政治课堂教学中应如何落实“三维目标”．如何正确把握“三维目标”之间的关系．是许多教师都在思考的问题。下面笔者就此谈一些看法。     

语文课堂落实三维目标之悟

知识和能力、方法和过程、情感和态度及价值观这三维目标,是一个有机的整体,三者并非简单的并列关系,而是彼此渗透,相互融合,体现在教学活动之中,统一于学生的学习与发展之中。语文课堂有效落实“三维目标”的操作策略,可从以下《草原》一课的教学片断中悟出点道道来。【片断一     

从教学案例看“三维目标”的实施政

为了改变以往教学过程过于重视学生基础知识、基本技能的机械获取而忽视对学生学习过程、方法的关注和情感态度、价值观的培养等弊端,全日制九年义务教育各科课程标准都提出了知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观的课程目标（三维目标）。这无疑告诉我们,“三维目标”中的每一个维度都同等重要,不可偏废。然而,在新课程实施中,一些教师或仅仅关注“三维目标”中的某个方面．或将其中的某一个目标作为主要目标,而将其余目标作为“主要目标”的“副产品”,只有“三维目标”之“形”,无“三维目标”之“神”,影响了新课程的科学有效实施。     

阅读课堂,应落实情感态度与价值观的目标

情感态度与价值观目标是语文教学三维目标的一个重要维度。但是,在实际教学过程中,它往往被有意无意地忽视。同时,在日常教学过程中,教师可以通过文本学习、能力迁移、资料补充三个有效途径,落实情感态度与价值观的目标,以全面发展学生的语文核心素养。     

初中地理课堂教学“三维目标”落实状况调查--以延吉市为例

一、“三维目标”的内涵 地理课程标准从“知识与技能”、“过程与方法”、“情感态度与价值观”三个维度提出地理课程目标,简称“三维目标”。本文中的“三维目标”包括课程“三维目标”和教学“三维目标”。地理课程“三维目标”指地理课程标准中课程总目标在知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观三个维度的分解。     

历史教学中“三维目标”的理解与落实

知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度价值观三者共同构成了新课程改革所提出的三维目标,作为教学层面影响最广泛的概念,三维目标体现了人们对于知识的客观性、过程性和动力性的理解与掌握。联系历史教学,对三维目标的理解与落实是历史教师执行"使每一个课堂都成为落实三维目标的场所"这一教改任务的基础环节。     

Longitudinal analysis of the trajectories of academic and social motivation across the transition from elementary to middle school

School transitions are important phases in students’ educational experiences. The current study aimed to explore the trajectories of academic and social motivation across the transition from elementary to middle school. Participants (N = 415) were sampled from six elementary schools; 55% transitioned after sixth grade (transition) and 45% remained at the same school (no-transition). The students reported academic and social goals and perceived teacher goal emphasis at four time points over two successive years. A growth curve analysis revealed that students who transitioned reported a greater decline in mastery goals and an increase in performance-approach goals. Students from no-transition schools reported higher initial levels for all social goals, with a steeper decline in seventh grade. Perceived teacher goal emphasis was associated with social development goals over time. Practitioners should be aware that school transitions may influence academic motivation but may not similarly influence social motivation.     

Epistemic beliefs and achievement goal orientations: Relations between constructs versus personal profiles

Research has found students' epistemic beliefs to predict their achievement goal orientations. Much of this research emerged from the dimensional approach of epistemic beliefs, which hypothesized a relationship between particular independent dimensions of epistemic beliefs with different achievement goals. Research in this approach has primarily applied a variable-centered approach to investigating these relations. The authors adopt an alternative conceptualization of epistemic beliefs, which considers epistemic beliefs and achievement goals as orthogonal to each other, and which favors a profile-centered approach to researching their relations. They hypothesized that while a variable-centered analysis would identify relations between epistemic beliefs and achievement goal orientations, a profile-centered analysis would demonstrate the independence of these psychological constructs. In three studies with high school students (ns = 256, 149, 250) the authors demonstrate that epistemic beliefs and achievement goals form different personal profiles that are differentially related to learning strategies.     

Students’ experiences of home–school dissonance: The role of school academic culture and perceptions of classroom goal structures

This paper examines stability and change during the elementary-to-middle school transition, focusing on adolescents’ experiences of home–school dissonance because of real or perceived differences between home/self and values within the school context. Relationships were hypothesized between exacerbation and amelioration of dissonance, middle school mastery and performance goal practices, and students’ perceptions thereof. The sample consisted of 274 African-American and 284 European-American (49% female) students. Middle school teachers (N = 236) provided data on school academic practices. Multilevel growth curve analysis indicated significant variance among the 10 middle schools regarding change in dissonance. Both mastery-focused middle school practices and students’ perception of middle school classrooms as more performance and less mastery focused than elementary classrooms were significant predictors of change in dissonance. Path-analyses evidence pointed to the mediational role of school belonging on the relationship between perception of classroom mastery goals and dissonance. Path analyses revealed direct and indirect effects of perception of classroom performance goals on dissonance and school belonging. This paper highlights the importance of creating inclusive learning environments that minimize social comparison saliency and validate students for who they are.     

浅谈小学语文导学目标的设计与生成策略

小学语文“目标导学”实施的关键在于设计恰当的导学目标。导学目标设计的基本策略有：以语文课程标准为准绳、以教材文本为依据;以学生实际为基础;坚持全面与重点、人文性与工具性相结合;坚持联系现实生活;引领学生自主建构。同时,目标描述要明确、适切、可检测。     

Effects of Classroom Structure on Student Achievement Goal Orientation

Abstract

The authors assessed how classroom structure influenced student achievement goal orientation for mathematics. Three elementary school classes were assigned randomly to 1 classroom structure condition: token economy, contingency contract, or control. Students in each condition were required to set individual achievement goals on a weekly basis. The authors assessed differences in goal orientation by comparing the number of learning vs. performance goals that students set within and across classroom structure conditions. Results indicated that students in the contingency-contract condition set significantly more learning goals than did students in other classroom structure conditions. No significant differences were found for performance goals across classroom structure conditions. Within classroom structure conditions, students in the contingency-contract group set significantly more learning goals than performance goals, whereas students in the token-economy condition set significantly more performance goals than learning goals.     

初中生成就目标的发展特点

采用《成就目标定向量表》,对633名初中学生进行了调查。结果表明:(1)不同年级初中生的成就目标定向有显著差异,表现为:初一学生的掌握趋近目标极显著高于初二、初三学生,初二学生又显著高于初三学生;初一学生的成绩趋近目标显著高于初二学生;(2)不同学校的初中生成就目标定向有显著差异,表现为:重点学校学生掌握趋近目标、成绩趋近目标极显著高于普通学校学生;而普通学校学生的成绩回避目标显著高于重点学校学生;(3)初中生男生和女生的成就目标定向有显著差异,表现为:男生的成绩回避目标显著高于女生。     

初中思想品德课情感态度价值观目标达成策略探析

情感态度价值观目标是思想品德课三维教学目标中的首要目标.初中思想品德课教学中情感态度价值观目标达成策略为：精心预设,人格感召,是情感态度价值观目标达成的必要前提;注重体验,以情感人,是情感态度价值观目标达成的关键要素;化解盲点,关注成长,是情感态度价值观目标达成的重要手段.     

An Exploratory Investigation of the Effect of Certain Selected Factors Upon Performance of Sixth-Grade Children in Arithmetic

Using samples of Chinese middle school students, the 2 experimental studies presented here examined the effects of goal content and goal context on test performance, free-choice engagement, and test anxiety within the framework of self-determination theory. Students’ learning goals were induced as intrinsic or extrinsic with the learning contexts of either autonomy-supportive or controlling. Results suggested that as the more recent extensions of self-determination theory, goal content and goal context effects existed among our samples of Chinese middle school students. However, there was some inconsistency between the authors’ findings and previous findings in Western culture.     

Personal best (PB) and ‘classic’ achievement goals in the Chinese context: their role in predicting academic motivation,engagement and buoyancy

Prior research has shown personal best (PB) goals to be significantly related to students’ motivation, engagement and achievement. However, research thus far has investigated PB goals only among Western samples and it is unclear to what extent PB goals hold academic merit in the Asian context. It is also unclear whether PB goals explain variance in motivation and engagement beyond that explained by ‘classic’ performance, mastery and avoidance goals. With a sample of 3753 middle school students in China, the present study showed that mastery and PB goals explained the bulk of variance in motivation, engagement and academic buoyancy outcomes. It therefore appears that the effects of PB and ‘classic’ goals derived in Western contexts generalise to the Chinese context. Further, although correlated, mastery and PB goals explain unique variance in distinct academic outcomes such that mastery goals appear more salient in mapping onto motivation factors while PB goals appear more salient in mapping onto engagement and buoyancy factors.     

关于语文教学评价改革的实践与思考

本文结合自身教学实践,提出了当前语文教学评价主体、目标、内容及过程等方面的改革思路：激励学生主动参与,评价主体互动化;着眼“三维目标”,评价内容多元化;尊重差异,评价标准多维化;关注学生发展,评价过程动态化。