学习策略、学习风格与英语成绩相关性研究

对理工科大学生英语学习状况和学习成绩调查、统计和分析的基础上,研究了英语学习策略运用水平和学习风格倾向与英语成绩的关系。研究表明:(1)学习者都能积极运用学习策略,元认知和补偿策略运用得最多,社会/情感策略运用得较少;(2高分组和低分组在元认知策略上有显著差异;(3)学习风格偏好呈多样性,英语水平与学习风格本身无关。     

Incremental validity of thinking styles in predicting academic achievements: an experimental study in hypermedia learning environments

The study examined the incremental validity of thinking styles in predicting academic achievement after controlling for personality and achievement motivation in the hypermedia‐based learning environment. Seventy‐two Chinese college students from Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China, took part in this instructional experiment. The End‐Of‐Semester test was designed to examine the students’ achievement in the course of General Psychology. The results partially supported the hypotheses concerning the relationships between students’ Type I and II thinking styles and their academic achievement in Type I test (including analysis, problem‐solving, and essay tests) and Type II test (including multiple‐choice and cloze tests), and showed that some Type III styles were significantly related to their academic achievement. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the capacity of thinking styles for explaining and predicting academic achievement was sometimes over and above the sum of personality traits and achievement motivation. Implications for educational practice are discussed.     

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Harter's Self-Perception profile for adolescents: a concurrent validity study

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) is a widely used measure of global self-esteem. Although its psychometric properties have found considerable support, its relationship to a multidimensional scale of self-concept has yet to be investigated. The sample for this study consisted of 150 adolescents randomly drawn in equal numbers and equated by gender from grades 8 to 12. Along with the RSE, Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents was administered to assess the adolescents' self-concept in nine separate domains. Correlational and cross-validation multiple regression analyses found that the RSE total score and both its factor scores were strongly related to Global Self-Worth, supporting Rosenberg's conclusions that his scale is a measure of global self-esteem and that its two identified factors are essentially measuring one rather than two different constructs. Other findings include a gender difference, with females reporting significantly lower RSE scores, and modest correlational support for a grade level rise found in the literature.     

Student evaluations of teaching and courses: Student study strategies as a criterion of validity

Recent developments in higher education are likely to lead to increased evaluation of teaching and courses and, in particular, increased use of student evaluation of teaching and courses by questionnaire. Most studies of the validity of such evaluations have been conducted in terms of the relationship between traditional measures of how much students learn and their ratings of teaching and courses. But there have been few if any studies of the relationship between students' rating of teaching and the quality of student learning, or in how the students approached their learning.For the evaluation of teaching and courses by questionnaire to be valid we would expect that (1) those students reporting that they adopted deeper approaches to study would rate the teaching and the course more highly than those adopting more surface strategies and, more importantly, (2) those teachers and courses which received higher mean ratings would also have, on average, students adopting deeper strategies.In the paper we report the results for eleven courses in two institutions. The results, in general, support the validity of student ratings, and suggest that courses and teaching in which students have adopted deeper strategies to learning also have higher student ratings.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1989 Annual Conference of the Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australia.     

学习风格与英语学习策略及学习成绩的相关研究

在英语学习中,学生的学习风格与学习策略、学习成绩具有一定的联系。经过实践研究发现,学习者的学习风格对其学习成绩并不会产生直接性的影响,或此种影响非常微小,而学习者的学习风格将对其学习策略产生显著的影响。本文就对此进行简单分析。     

感知学习风格与教学互动模式研究初探

对学生感知学习风格的了解有利于减少教师对学生的"偏见",为建立良好的教学互动模式打下基础。某种学习偏好可能有助于某种学习技能的培养和提高,老师应帮助学生发展全面平衡的学习风格以适应不同的学习任务,使得学生的学习更有成效。此过程可以加深学生对老师的信任,促进教学互动模式的和谐发展。     

Matching/mismatching revisited: an empirical study of learning and teaching styles

This paper presents results of a research project that explored the relationship between matching and mismatching instructional presentation style (breadth-first and depth-first) with students' cognitive style (field-dependence/-independence) in a computer-based learning environment. 73 postgraduate students were asked to create Web pages using HTML, using instructional materials that were either matched or mismatched with their cognitive styles. Significant differences in performance on a multiple choice test of conceptual knowledge were found for students learning in matched and mismatched conditions. Performance in matched conditions was significantly superior to that in mismatched conditions. However, significant effects were found for gender, matching mainly affecting male students. Performance on a practical test of Web page creation was not linked to matching or mismatching, but was linked to an interaction between gender and instructional presentation style. The findings provide support for the notion that matching and mismatching can have significant effects on learning outcomes. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research.     

Structure mapping and relational language support children's learning of relational categories

Learning relational categories--whose membership is defined not by intrinsic properties but by extrinsic relations with other entities--poses a challenge to young children. The current work showed 3-, 4- to 5-, and 6-year-olds pairs of cards exemplifying familiar relations (e.g., a nest and a bird exemplifying home for) and then tested whether they could extend the relational concept to another category (e.g., choose the barn as a home for a horse). It found that children benefited from (a) hearing a (novel) category name in a relational construction and (b) comparing category members. The youngest group--3-year-olds--learned the category only when given a combination of relational language and a series of comparisons in a progressive alignment sequence.     

培养学前儿童学习儿歌兴趣的策略探究

儿歌对学前儿童的影响是长远和深刻的,但是,要想提高它的有效性,前提是要培养和激发学前儿童学习儿歌的兴趣,兴趣能使学前儿童对感兴趣的事物予以优先的注意和愉悦的情绪。因此,本文通过探究儿歌的特点,提出一些培养儿童学习儿歌兴趣的策略。     

加强高校学风建设的思考——以河南科技大学学风建设特色基地为例

学风是高校发展的关键和灵魂,体现着高校的治学之风,彰显着高校的文化意蕴。加强高校学风建设对学校、学院和学生有着更为重要的意义。本文以河南科技大学学风建设特色基地为例,通过阐述学风建设的成效、分析当前学风建设存在的问题,探讨加强学风建设的对策与思路。     

Parents' involvement in children's learning in the United States and China: implications for children's academic and emotional adjustment

This research examined parents' involvement in children's learning in the United States and China. Beginning in seventh grade, 825 American and Chinese children (mean age=12.74 years) reported on their parents' involvement in their learning as well as their parents' psychological control and autonomy support every 6 months until the end of 8th grade. Information on children's academic and emotional adjustment was obtained. American (vs. Chinese) parents' involvement was associated less with their control and more with their autonomy support. Despite these different associations, parents' heightened involvement predicted children's enhanced engagement and achievement similarly in the United States and China. However, it predicted enhanced perceptions of competence and positive emotional functioning more strongly in the United States than China.     

Proximate regulation by mothers: a demonstration of how differing styles affect young children's behavior

An earlier observational study of mothers and toddlers in the supermarket revealed differential success of 2 styles of maternal behavior. A proactive style of preempting opportunities for misbehavior, in contrast to a reactive style of responding only after misbehavior occurred, was correlated with a lower incidence of undesirable child acts. Here, the 2 styles were studied in the laboratory to explore their function further. In an analog of the supermarket situation, mothers behaved proactively and reactively in trials in which the task was to prevent their 2- or 3-year-old children from playing with desirable toys. Children responded to proactive behavior by engaging in acceptable behaviors longer and by violating fewer rules. The 2-year-old children were less able to comply with the rules. The data illustrate the role parents play in promoting and supporting the development of compliance and self-regulation in children.     

Metacognitive, cognitive and affective aspects of learning styles and strategies: A phenomenographic analysis

This paper addresses the following questions: how do students perform metacognitive, cognitive and affective learning functions; how is the execution of learning functions regulated by internal and external sources; what learning styles can be discerned from the viewpoint of learning functions and regulation? Subjects were students from an open distance university and a regular university. They were interviewed extensively about their learning strategies, mental models of learning, learning orientations and interpretations and appraisals of instructional measures. The interviews were analyzed in a phenomenographic way. The results indicate that there are large differences among students in the manner in which they carry out learning functions, that these differences are associated with internal and external sources, and that four qualitatively different learning styles can be discerned: an undirected, a reproduction directed, a meaning directed and an application directed learning style. Mental models of learning and learning orientations turn out to be related to the way in which students interpret, appraise and use instructional measures to regulate their learning activities. It is concluded that in many instances instructional measures do not have the intended effects. Suggestions are given regarding the implications of these results for the improvement of teaching practices in higher education.     

Kolb模型旅游管理专业学生学习风格调查与调控

调查表明大部分旅游管理学生有很强的学习风格,典型的是学生们更喜欢抽象而非具体、反省而非行动型的学习方式。经验证明不恰当的教学方法和学习方法会给大一新生带来学习障碍。建议采用迎合学生学习需要的方式,即利用Kolb的学习周期,鼓励和引导学生使用"平衡学习策略"来进行学习。     

State and trait goals of achievement and well-being: structure,validity, and stability

Both school achievement goals (mastery, performance approach, performance avoidance goals) and well-being goals (work avoidance, affiliation goals) are important predictors of learning and achievement related outcomes. However, disagreement exists regarding the definition of goals as relatively stable traits versus situational states that react sensitive to contexts. This paper presents the development of an inventory for the assessment of students’ multiple state and trait goals. In Study 1, students (N?=?196) answered the trait items. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated the construct validity of the goals. In Study 2, students completed trait and state scales in different weeks (N?=?542) and repeatedly after 12 weeks each. Confirmatory factor analyses as well as correlations with state and trait reference constructs confirmed the convergent and differential validity of both the trait and the state goal factors. The instrument offers a brief, reliable, and valid measure of multiple state and trait goals. Latent state trait analyses revealed that some state goals are surprisingly robust against situational influences and equally stable across time as corresponding trait goals, whereas other goals are more dependent on the learning situation.     

Dimensionality of the Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale for miniority gifted children

The relationship between children's self-concepts and their academic achievement has been well established. More recently, the multidimensionality of the self-concept and the relationship of specific self-concept dimensions to achievement have been investigated. However, the multidimensionality of the self-concept among minority gifted children has not been studied. The present study examined the multidimensional structure of the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale among 438 predominantly Black gifted children. Six clearly defined orthogonal factors emerged. However, the structure of these factors differed from those reported by Piers and Harris.     

Exploring the effects of gender and learning styles on computer programming performance: implications for programming pedagogy

Computer programming has been taught in secondary schools for more than two decades. However, little is known about how students learn to program. From the curriculum implementation perspectives, learning style helps address the issue of learner differences, resulting in a shift from a teacher-centred approach to a learner-focused approach. This study aims to investigate the effects of gender and learning styles on computer programming performance. The Gregorc Style Delineator (GSD) was employed to measure learning styles. A test was administered to assess students' programming performance. Two hundred and seventeen secondary school students of age from 14 to 19 participated in this study. Results indicated that no gender differences in programming performance were found after controlling for the effect of student ability. Academic ability had a differential effect on programming knowledge. Sequential learners in general performed better than random learners. These results suggest the importance of the ordering dimension of the GSD in influencing programming performance. Implications of the findings in relation to programming pedagogy are discussed in this paper.     

中学生英语学习态度动机调查问卷的信效度分析

通过验证性因素分析,考察了自行设计的中学生英语学习态度-动机调查问卷的内部信度和结构效度.问卷由5个分量表构成:英语语言态度量表(5个项目);英语学习态度量表(5个项目);英语教学态度量表(4个项目);英语学习目标量表(5个项目);英语学习动机分量表(6个项目).总量表及各分量表的内在一致性信度(Cronbach α系数)均在0.70以上.各量表测量模型的卡方-自由度比值绝大多数都小于3,且尚未达到显著水平(p>0.05);拟合指数均大于0.90;绝大多数RMSEA值都低于0.06,RMR值低于0.08,模型可以接受.问卷结构合理,是一个可信、有效的测量工具.