高低语境视角下中美言语交际风格的对比研究

文化与交际密不可分,彼此联系。中关作为东西方文化的代表,其文化存在着巨大的差异。霍尔根据人们交际时依靠的语境的程度不同,把文化分为高语境文化和低语境文化。中国是高语境文化,美国属于低语境文化,高语境和低语境文化中的交际被称为高语境交际和低语境交际。文章从高低语境的角度对中关言语交际风格进行对比研究。     

英汉语言中礼貌原则对比及文化内涵研究

礼貌是一种社会现象,也是一种文化现象。它像一面镜子反映社会文化的方方面面。本文以Leech的礼貌原则为理论框架,分析了英汉两种语言体系中礼貌原则的异同,揭示了英语和汉语语言蕴涵的文化差异,指出正确对待这些差异,有利于跨文化交际的顺利实现。     

文化语境刍议

著名人类文化学家Edward.T.Hall将语境文化分为高语境文化和低语境文化,以中国为代表的亚洲国家大都属于高语境文化,而以美国为代表的西方国家属于低语境文化。高低语境文化交际是东西方两种不同文化交际的代表,对其特点、差异、形成因素、历史根源和局限性进行对比分析,有助于在跨文化交际中对不同文化的学习、理解和尊重,避免冲突,减少误解,从而获得成功的跨文化交际。     

文化语境性对汉译英的影响

从文化高低语境性方面的差异入手,从句法结构、语义、语用三个方面分析了高语境文化与低语境文化的差异在语言方面的反映,并结合功能翻译理论阐述了文化的高低语境性差异对汉译英造成的影响。     

论沉默现象及其文化差异

语言是人类交流的重要手段,而沉默同样能传达丰富的信息,甚至是语言难以表达的内容。然而,在不同的地区,不同的文化中,人们对沉默的理解也大不相同,这些差异往往会在跨文化交流中产生误解。该文拟从文化差异的角度阐释沉默现象在东西方文化中的不同定义,以及东西方文化对待沉默的不同态度和表现,从而提高交际的有效性。     

从沉默看中西文化差异

本文从跨文化交际的角度出发,从中西家庭文化来分析、探讨沉默这种非语言交际方式所体现的中西文化的差异：汉文化的集体主义,西方文化的个人主义;汉文化的和谐,西方文化的竞争;汉文化的差序格局,长幼有序,西方文化的平等取向。     

中美高、低语境文化的历史成因及其特征

人类学家Hall提出的高、低语境的概念为语境研究提供一个全新的视角.中国的高语境文化产生基于谮两千年的悠久历史和集体主义价值现,而美国的低语境文化产生则是基于其民族大熔炉的事实和个人主义价值观及其单一事件时间行为模式.二者之间的差异研究为中美跨文化交际研究提供了宏观的视角和前提.     

Coping with the crickets: a fusion autoethnography of silence,schooling, and the continuum of biracial identity formation

This study explores biracial identity development in the adolescent years through fusion autoethnography. Using an ecological model of biracial identity development, this study illustrates how family, peers, and school curricula validate and reject racial self-presentations. We pay specific attention to the different forms of silence (i.e. “crickets”) that teachers and peers deploy as tactics of rejection and how racially coded artifacts such as hip-hop culture and Black Liberation texts function as validations of racial self-presentations. Overall, this study helps researchers and practitioners to understand the fluidity of biracial and multiracial identity development as it relates to everyday school spaces and processes.     

合作原则对各语境中语言交际的解析

实际语言交际过程存在着偏离格赖斯合作原则各项准则的现象。本文结合语境知识,探讨各种语境,如语言语境、情景语境和文化语境等环境下语言交际的合作。以便交际双方深刻理解交际真实意图,完成交际。     

不同交流方式和语境中弱智儿童交流效果的个案分析

本文主要运用语言分析“CLAN”系统,对一名弱智儿童在不同交流方式和语境中的交流效果进行分析,结果表明:正常人使用不同交流方式对弱智儿童交流效果有显著影响;在不同交流语境中,该弱智儿童的交流效果呈现出较大的差异。     

基于不同语言环境的交际与交际角色

任何一种语言都离不开一定的语言环境,而与此相关的交际角色也从一定程度上影响和制约着语言的正确运用。在不同的时候和不同的地点,人们在交际过程中往往要不断变换其“角色”;由于出发点的不同和语言使用目的的个体差异,在具体的语境中,交际角色的表现形式也是不一样的。     

Silence at school: Uses and experiences of silence in pedagogy at a secondary school

Silence infuses all aspects of our daily communications: what we say and what remains unspoken; those to whom we speak, and those we ignore; those we trust and respect, and those we do not. In the school environment, interactions between students and teachers lie at the heart of pedagogy. This relationship is also marked by its silences, and the concept of ‘student voice’ arose out of these silences on matters that affect students. However, the role of silence in such interactions has yet to receive comprehensive attention. This article presents the findings of a study on the uses and experiences of silence in the classroom with secondary school students aged 14–15 years and their teachers. Drawing on nine group discussions and 33 interviews with 20 teachers and 35 students, respectively, I argue that an oversight of silence in the student voice discipline has obscured the power dimensions of student voice, and the injustices that become visible when different forms of silence are illuminated. I argue that there are two core ideas which emerge from the findings: firstly, that silent practices manifest in two distinct paradigms of productivity and listening which function as expectations of teaching and learning; secondly, that the conflation of the listening paradigm with respect demonstrates the capacity of silent practices to reinforce the division between teaching and learning to become mediums of injustice. I conclude that this dichotomous relationship between pedagogy and student voice requires a pedagogy based on a critical examination of respect.     

台湾文化和大陆文化语境差异下的言语交际

全文采取观察法和定性分析的方法来研究,旨在分析由于不同的文化语境导致的台湾地区和大陆地区在言语交际上的一些问题。之后找出历史,地理,文化入侵等影响言语交际的原因。尽管台湾和大陆地区文化同根,但在他们之间的言语交际上依然存在一些交际问题值得我们探讨。     

空间语的文化含义及在跨文化交际中的意义

空间语在跨文化交际中对语言交际起着重要作用。空间语的非语言意义主要通过领域性、体距及空间取向等方面表达出来,并在不同文化群体中呈现不同的意义。在跨文化交际中,人们只有充分理解空间语的重要性,才能较顺利地达到跨文化交际的目的。     

谈沉默的语用功能及其跨文化差异

沉默是人们交际过程中不可或缺的一部分，可以表达丰富的含义并具有丰富的语用功能。在不同的文化背景下沉默的含义迥然相异。中国人通常对沉默持积极态度，在交际中沉默使用频率忱西方人高。研究沉默的文化差异有助于交际者更好地理解会话的言外之意及未言之意，从而使交际更加顺利有效地进行。     

从中西方教师的非言语交际比较看文化差异

在交际过程中,人们使用两种形式进行信息传递：言语交际和非言语交际.人们往往注重言语的内容,而忽略了非言语交际的存在和作用.本文将从教师仪表,课堂表现和课堂之外三个方面比较中西方教师的非言语交际,从而明确是不同的文化传统造就了这种差异,而这些差异也体现了不同的文化观念和价值观.     

跨文化交际中的非言语行为与外语教学

在跨文化交际中,除了语言行为之外,非言语行为也发挥着相当重要的作用,它包括身势语、空间语、目光语等等,具有很强的民族文化特征。非言语交际教学是外语教学的一个重要组成部分,在外语教学中介绍有关非言语交际的文化内涵,培养学生跨文化非言语交际能力,使学生具备较为全面的跨文化交际素质,是培养进行国际交流与合作所需人才的需要,也是外语教学面临的一个新任务。     

高职英语课堂“沉默现象”分析及应对策略

本文结合高职英语课堂教学实际,通过问卷调查、学生座谈和课堂观察等方式,对高职英语课堂"沉默现象"成因进行了分析并提出了"教师要加强课堂提问策略研究"、"优化第一课堂教学过程,开展第二课堂教学实践"等相应策略。     

Silent pedagogy and rethinking classroom practice: structuring teaching through silence rather than talk

Classroom observations are an important source of information about teaching and about the practice of particular teachers. The paper considers the value placed on talk as opposed to silence in this context and suggests that a cultural bias towards talk means that silence is commonly perceived negatively. The paper is based on a qualitative research study involving interviews with 25 teacher participants. These participants identify different types of silence and report how they use various silences in the classroom, suggesting that many different types of silence may be used productively in teaching and learning. The paper provides examples of questions that might be asked when observing teachers' uses of silence rather than talk. It concludes by proposing that classroom observations should take into account the complex skills of ‘silent pedagogy’ where the teacher makes conscious decisions to abstain from intervention based on continuous sensitive readings of the learning environment.