科学出版物语义数据及其应用研究

【目的】 科学出版物的语义化过程中产生了大量的语义数据,分析这些语义数据的特征可以为语义出版实践提供参考和借鉴。【方法】 通过收集目前常用的典型科学出版物语义数据,多角度分析这些数据集的类型、组成要素、生成流程及其支持的应用系统功能,总结这些语义数据在开发、开放、发布中的共性。【结果】 目前主流的科学出版物语义数据集具有相似的数据开发与组织流程,偏向于自然科学领域,具有不同的组织粒度及应用特点。【结论】 科学出版物语义数据的生产与应用仍面临诸多挑战,需要在数据的规范使用、数据本身的质量以及基于这些数据的服务上予以重视。     

Construction of nanocarriers based on nucleic acids and their applications in nanobiology delivery systemsOA

In recent years,nanocarriers based on nucleic acids have emerged as powerful and novel nanocarriers that are able to meet the demand for cancer-cell-specific targeting.Functional dynamics analysis revealed good bio compatibility,low toxicity and programmable structures,and their advantages include controllable size and modifiability.The development of novel hybrids has focused on the distinct roles of biosensing,drug and gene delivery,vaccine transport,photosensitization,counteracting drug resis...     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by two bacterial and fungal strains,Bacillus cereus and Fusarium oxysporum,and assessment and comparison of their nanotoxicity in vitro by direct and indirect assays

BackgroundAlthough nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages, it has been proved that they may be absorbed by and have toxic effects on the human body. Recent research has tried to evaluate and compare the nanotoxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced by two types of microorganisms in vitro by two different methods. AuNPs were produced by Bacillus cereus and Fusarium oxysporum, and their production was confirmed by visible spectral, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The human fibroblast cell line CIRC-HLF was treated with AuNPs, and the induced nanotoxicity was measured using direct microscopic and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays.ResultsThe results showed that the produced AuNPs had a maximum absorbance peak around 510–530 nanometer (nm), with spherical, hexagonal, and octagonal shapes and average sizes around 20–50 nm. The XRD results confirmed the presence of GNPs in the microbial culture supernatants. An MTT assay showed that GNPs had dose-dependent toxic effects, and microscopic analysis showed that GNPs induced cell abnormalities in doses lower than the determined half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the biologically produced AuNPs had toxic effects in the cell culture, and direct techniques such as microscopic evaluation instead of indirect methods such as MTT assay were more useful for assessing the nanotoxicity of the biologically produced AuNPs. Thus, the use of only MTT assay for nanotoxicity evaluation of AuNPs is not desirable.     

玻璃纤维格栅在青藏公路路面整治工程中的应用

在青藏公路格拉段整治改建工程中，将玻璃纤维格栅运用到路面加铺路段，能有效地减少和防止路面裂缝和车辙的发生，延迟沥青混凝土路面疲劳破坏。     

聚乙二醇型双联表面活性剂的合成工艺研究

以硬脂酸和聚乙二醇为原料,经酯化后生成聚乙二醇双酯。再经磺化剂氯磺酸的磺化作用下得α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯,加NaOH中和后成盐,形成α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯钠盐。实验结果表明,在催化剂用量为2.0%(基于反应体系的质量分数),酸醇的量比为2.5∶1.0,反应时间为4小时,反应温度140~150℃时,聚乙二醇双酯收率达83%。磺化剂氯磺酸与双酯的量比为2.4∶1.0,反应时间为1小时,反应温度为60~70℃,α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯收率为96%。α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯钠盐的总收率为79.7%。     

Increased density and coverage uniformity of viruses on a sensor surface by using U-type, T-type, and W-type microfluidic devices

Microorganisms, molecules, or viruses in the fluidic environment are usually at considerably low Reynolds numbers because of small diameters. The viscous forces of molecules and viruses dominate at considerably low Reynolds numbers. This study developed three microfluidic devices, that is, T type, U type, and W type devices, to control the flow movement, which can increase the adhesion density of viruses on the surface of the sensor. The linker 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) were used in this study and measured by a confocal microscope. Fluorescent intensity and coverage of 11-MUA and TYMV were used to identify the adhesion density quantitatively. Results indicate that 11-MUA layers and TYMV disperse randomly by the dipping method. Attachment tests for T-, U-, and W-type devices demonstrated average fluorescence intensities of 1.56, 2.18, and 2.67, respectively, and average fluorescence coverage of 1.31, 1.87, and 2.55 times those of dipping techniques, respectively. The T-type device produced the lowest fluorescence coverage uniformity (10%-80%), whereas the W-type device produced the highest fluorescence coverage uniformity (80%-90%). Fluorescence intensity correlates positively with flow within a specified flow range; however, the exact relationship between fluorescence intensity and flow requires further study. Attachment tests for TYMV virus samples indicated that the W-type device produced an average fluorescence intensity of 3.59 and average fluorescence coverage of 19.13 times greater than those achieved through dipping techniques. Traditional immersion methods achieved fluorescence coverage of 0%-10%, whereas that of the W-type device reached 70%-90%.     

Recent advances in the synthesis of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials for energy and environmental applications

Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO₂ materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO₂ nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO₂ materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO₂ materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area.     

氧化物催化剂表面过剩氧与氧化活性

本文采用肼法测定了金属氧化物催化剂表面过剩氧的浓度，并考察了吡啶的氧化活性。催化剂的氧化活性与表面氧浓度成正比。氧化活性和表面氧浓度的顺序为：Ｃｕ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＞Ｍｎ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＞Ｃｒ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＞Ｆｅ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３≥Ｃｏ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＞Ｎｉ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３＞Ｃｅ－Ｏ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３．随着催化剂焙烧温度的提高，催化剂表面氧浓度和氧化活性均下降。Ｃｕ－Ｏ／ＳｉＯ＿２催化剂中添加ＣｅＯ＿２后，催化剂表面氧浓度和氧化活性均有明显提高，同时催化剂的热稳定性也明显增加。     

阿尔泰东南缘布尔根地区造山带型金矿床硫铅同位素特征及地质意义

阿尔泰东南缘布尔根地区造山带型金矿床受韧性剪切带控制，有两种矿化类型：一为石英脉型，另一种为糜棱岩型。糜棱岩型金矿硫化物的δ^34S值变化于-10.009‰～-2.819‰，平均值为-5.29‰，石英脉型金矿硫化物的δ^34S值变化于-0.062‰～-1.688‰，平均值为-1.0575‰。布尔根地区金矿床的金属硫化物样品具有较窄的^207Pb／^204Pb比值，变化于17.71～18.35；相对较高的^207Pb／^204Pb比值为15.31～15.64和^208Pb／^204Pb比值为37.13～38.07，铅同位素分析结果表明，该区金矿床成矿物质铅来源于地幔及下地壳。硫、铅同位素特征反映了布尔根地区金矿床成矿物质具有多来源特征。     

基于传感器的单片机植物环境监控系统

本设计采用新型单总线数字温湿度传感器DHT11和光强度传感器BH1750,以STC89C52单片机为控制器,LCD1602为显示模块,蜂鸣器为报警模块,用按键对最适宜温湿度、光照进行设定,对植物生长的室内温度,湿度,光照进行测量。其中最适宜温湿度、光照都可以根据不同季节进行人为设置,当测量值超过设定值时,报警装置即会启动。对搭建后的系统测试结果表明:整个系统结构简单,功耗低,硬件接口少,易于嵌入其他系统中,经济实用。     

专利的相关性检索与集成应用研究

摘要：阐述了专利分析技术和专业应用系统的现状和特点,提出通过专利模型树来描述专利文档,并以专利模型树为基础,建立了基于向量空间模型的专利分类方法和专利相似性检索方法。基于上述方法,在工作流管理系统中集成专利管理系统,建立了集成框架,开发了集成系统,实现了在企业工作流程中的每个工作单元与专利相似性检索模块的集成。最后,在某企业的电缓速器设计的工作流系统中得以应用。     

A biochemical study on the effect of Riboflavin on cataractous rat lenses. II Proteins and Glutathione

Proteins and glutathione (GSH) levels were estimated in the experimental groups. Levels of both proteins and glutathione in the control and the treated groups were found to be significantly decreased compared to the normal group. The results show that supplementation of riboflavin has beneficial effect by alleviating the oxidant injuries to GSH and proteins, which are involved in the maintenance of transparency and protection of thiol groups of the lens. Thus, riboflavin has an active role in the lens metabolism and has a potential to improve the metabolic activity of the cataractous lenses.     

中草药对仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响

试验选用21日龄断奶的三元杂交（杜洛克×长白×大约克）仔猪60头，按完全区组设计分为3组，处理1饲喂添加0.2%中草药复方添加剂日粮，处理2饲喂添加0.02％硫酸粘杆菌素日粮，处理3饲喂基础日粮。饲喂一定时间后考察仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数、血清生化参数和器官指数等指标的变化。结果表明，中草药复方添加剂能提高仔猪ADG，降低F/G(P<0.05)，防治断奶仔猪腹泻效果强于硫酸粘杆菌素（P<0.05）；该添加剂还能提高血清TP, ALB和TCHO含量以及GOT, GPT, AMY和LPS活性，降低GLU和TG含量以及CK活性。上述结果提示，本试验所用中草药复方添加剂能够缓解仔猪断奶应激，增强机体抵抗力，促进生长。     

Effect of induced protein malnutrition and subsequent rehabilitation on the biochemical profile of pancreas of rats

A condition of malnutrition was induced in rats during post weaning stage, by feeding rats with diet containing low protein and high carbohydrate viz. diet with 25% protein [Group I-control rats]. diet with 9% protein [Group II-moderately malnourished] and diet with 6% protein [Group III-severely malnourished]. The rats were sacrified on 21st day. 35th day.42nd day and 90th day. As compared to control rats, somatic weight and pancreatic weight of group II rats was 55 to 80% and 50 to 80% while group III rats were only 50 to 70% and 30 to 40%, respectively. A decrease in cell number, as well as, cell size was evident in malnourished rats from their DNA[10 to 20% of control] and protein [20 to 70% of control] content.. At adulthood, activity of trypsin declined and was 86 and 64% of controls respectively, in groups II and III, while amylase and lipase activities registered a rise at 35 d followed by a decline there after. Malnourished rats were fed the 25% protein diet for 2 weeks after each period of malnutrition, inorder to see the extent of recovery subsequent to induction of a state of malnutrition. Recovery of somatic weight and weight of the pancreas were maximum when the duration of malnutrition was short i.e. following 35 days, recovery being more in group III than group II. Recovery of DNA and protein content was independent of each other. In malnourished rats trypsin activity increased, amylase activity showed a decline, and lipase activity did not respond to the nutritional rehabilitation.     

专利分析方法评述及层次分析

专利信息反映了最新的技术发展情况与技术的具体细节,如何利用专利信息进行技术创新研究,许多学者已经做出了大量工作,并发展一系列的专利分析方法。但是对于这些方法的整体性和相互联系性的研究还不够。为此,在评述方法的基础上,提出了方法的层次结构,并指出现有研究中不同层次的方法并列使用的问题。通过划分,可以发现方法间的相关关系与替代关系,并把方法与用途挂钩,有助于方法的合理使用。     

The 2003 Benjamin Franklin medal in chemistry for pioneering the development of ultra-fast and multi-dimensional spectroscopies and their applications is presented to Robin M. Hochstrasser

Throughout his distinguished career of over 40 years, Robin Hochstrasser has made significant contributions to several areas of science in the fields of chemical and biochemical physics. He has been at the forefront and made fundamental contributions to the fields of photochemistry, solid-state chemistry, ultra-fast laser spectroscopies, and protein dynamics. He has been a prolific researcher, producing over 560 publications. His work has been characterized by experts in the fields as “a constant stream of experiments of lasting significance” (J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 11791).Robin began his career in the 1960s using a variety of magnetic and electric field measurements to study crystals at low temperatures to understand spin quantization in solids and electron exchanged-mediated energy transfer. This work, described as a “classic contribution” (J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 11791) was the basis for much of the subsequent experimental and theoretical work on the effect of magnetic fields on molecular spectra and on the measurements of dipole moments.In the late 1970s, Robin recognized the power of laser technology for the study of molecules and soon became a leader in the field investigating solid, gas phase, and condensed phase systems. He developed and applied various ultra-fast laser techniques to study the structure and dynamics of complex molecules in liquid phase, chemical, and biochemical reactions. He made seminal contributions to the development of two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) on a time scale of a picosecond or less. This 2D IR spectroscopy measures coupling between two functional groups in a large molecule and can thus be used to measure distances, as for example, two amide carbonyl groups in a peptide molecule. On the ultra-fast timescale, one application of 2D IR is to gain information on the rate of protein folding and unfolding in solution. Some of Robin's greatest contributions to understanding biomolecules are said to be in the experimental studies on the picosecond and femtosecond dynamics of heme proteins. Using techniques he developed he was able to observe the interactions of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide with hemoglobin inside the protein.