数字化时代敏捷组织的构成要素、研究框架及未来展望

数字技术对传统组织模式产生了巨大冲击，组织必须时刻保持与外部环境的动态匹配，敏捷性正逐渐成为数字化时代的组织基因。然而敏捷组织作为数字化时代的新组织范式，融合了多种组织模式的概念，却鲜有学者对其属性特征与运行机制等问题予以深入关注，对数字化时代敏捷组织的忽略可能造成管理者推进数字化转型的障碍。本研究利用Citespace分析了敏捷组织的研究趋势以及研究热点的演进情况。在此基础上，聚焦于敏捷性的起源，挖掘出敏捷性、适应性和灵活性之间的区别和联系，深化了对组织敏捷性的理解，进而全面解析出敏捷组织的涵义与特征。其次，研究通过结合数字化情境，识别出数字化时代敏捷组织的五大构成要素：数字价值主张、敏捷性结构、敏捷性能力、敏捷性流程和敏捷开发，进一步地围绕影响因素、诱发机制、运行机制和作用结果构建出数字化时代敏捷组织的研究框架。最后，研究提出了数字化时代敏捷组织亟需探索的四个研究方向。研究有助于聚拢数字化情境下组织的共性特征，提升敏捷组织研究体系的完整性，为厘清组织敏捷转型的路径设计提供依据。     

Relationships between IT department culture and agile software development practices: An empirical investigation

IT department culture has been widely recognized as an important factor that influences the adoption of agile practices. Yet, the research pertaining to the relationship between IT department culture and agile practices usage remains underexplored. This study proposes and tests the relationships between four competing cultural forms and two types of agile practices - social and technical. The findings contribute to the extant literature by integrating the competing values model of culture into the literature on factors affecting agile development at the IT department level.     

面向航天型号软件的需求管理研究

依据军用软件研制能力成熟度模型(GJB5000A)过程域,将航天型号软件的需求管理过程分为5个实践,重新定义结合敏捷方法的这5个实践,给出基于GJB5000A的航天型号软件敏捷需求管理活动流程图。将需求管理活动流程看作一种工作流,引入Petri网技术建立需求管理活动模型,并通过Petri网可达树和可覆盖树分析方法对建立的模型进行初步分析。最后将定义的需求管理过程实际运用到项目中,证明其科学性和可行性。     

基于SIS模型的异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享研究

知识共享是异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队提升工作质量的关键。知识共享和人与人之间传染病的传播模式非常相似,主要是通过人与人之间的直接沟通实现的。基于系统动力学视角构建异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队知识共享的传染病动力学SIS模型,通过模型分析和数值仿真,从理论型定量研究的角度给出实现异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员与客户团队成员间知识共享与否的阈值,说明沟通可以促进异地分布式敏捷软件开发团队成员和客户团队间的知识共享,但沟通不合理则会起到抑制作用。     

A deep learning-based expert finding method to retrieve agile software teams from CQAs

Currently, many software companies are looking to assemble a team of experts who can collaboratively carry out an assigned project in an agile manner. The most ideal members for an agile team are T-shaped experts, who not only have expertise in one skill-area but also have general knowledge in a number of related skill-areas. Existing related methods have only used some heuristic non-machine learning models to form an agile team from candidates, while machine learning has been successful in similar tasks. In addition, they have only used the number of candidates’ documents in various skill-areas as a resource to estimate the candidates’ T-shaped knowledge to work in an agile team, while the content of their documents is also very important. To this end, we propose a multi-step method that rectifies the drawbacks mentioned. In this method, we first pick out the best possible candidates using a state-of-the-art model, then we re-estimate their relevant knowledge for working in the team with the help of a deep learning model, which uses the content of the candidates’ posts on StackOverflow. Finally, we select the best possible members for the given agile team from among these candidates using an integer linear programming model. We perform our experiments on two large datasets C# and Java, which comprise 2,217,366 and 2,320,883 posts from StackOverflow, respectively. On datasets C# and Java, our method selects, respectively, 68.6% and 55.2% of the agile team members from among T-shaped experts, while the best baseline method only selects, respectively, 49.1% and 40.2% of the agile team members from among T-shaped experts. In addition, the results show that our method outperforms the best baseline method by 8.1% and 11.4% in terms of F-measure on datasets C# and Java, respectively.     

Knowledge sharing via social media in software development: a systematic literature review

Effective knowledge exchange among software developers is crucial for the competitive performance of their organizations. Today, the constant pressure on businesses to continually innovate and the increasing capability of information technologies to facilitate broader and more distributed communication are driving organizations to leverage social media tools to improve performance. These tools, which have changed the way we share knowledge, enable people to connect, communicate, and collaborate. Research on knowledge sharing via social media is still in its early phases, with a comprehensive overview of the literature yet to be completed. Thus, using a systematic literature review approach, this study aims to map the current literature on the topic in relation to software development. Furthermore, this study highlights the findings of former research and identifies gaps in the literature. The study offers several insights for researchers and practitioners and proposes a future research agenda to strengthen knowledge in the field.     

Rethinking XML-enabled agile supply chains

This paper critically discusses the use of Extensible Markup Language (XML) for agile supply chains and proposes practical guidelines and future research directions for the field. XML has been identified by many as a prominent technology for enabling electronic supply chain integration, but the adoption of it in the industry has been rather slow and limited. This paper discusses the factors that enable agility in supply chains, and explains why XML is the best candidate for facilitating such factors. Then the major XML-based integration initiatives such as ebXML, RosettaNet, and Web Services are diagnosed in terms of their pros and cons for supply chain agility, as well as the reasons for their slow diffusion. Based on the discussion, this paper proposes that: the integration efforts need to first focus on the industries that need agility; stringent business process standards are necessary; and implementation should be made much easier and more affordable for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Further research issues are also suggested based on the discussion.     

Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges

Cloud or utility computing is an emerging new computing paradigm designed to deliver numerous computing services through networked media such as the Web. This approach offers several advantages to potential users such as “metered” use (i.e., pay-as-you-go) which offers scalability, online delivery of software and virtual hardware services (e.g., collaboration programmes, virtual servers, virtual storage devices) which would enable organizations to obviate the need to own, maintain and update their software and hardware infrastructures. The flexibility of this emerging computing service has opened many possibilities for organizations that did not exist before. Among those organizations are those engaged in healthcare provision. The aim of this article is to shed some light on this development and explore the potential (and future) of cloud computing in contributing to the advancement of healthcare provision. A small case study will also be presented and discussed.     

Ascending into order: A reflective analysis from a small open source development team

Open Source Software (OSS) has had a profound impact on the way in which software is developed and consequently on the perception of software development. This paper starts with a brief discussion of the eclectic techniques and processes, combinations of which may be used for OSS projects. A ‘real-world’ context will be examined using ‘Reflective Analysis’ focusing on the research and development team present within the Business, Logistics and Information Systems (BLIS) department at The University of Bolton. The reflective analysis explores some assumptions inherent in OSS development. Drawing on findings from experience, industry and background research, an attempt will be made to provide an insight into how in a small team, the use of OSS and associated techniques can lead to the successful development of software. Whilst early results show that smaller OSS projects may appear to have little or no formal structure with closer investigation it is clear this is not the case. Without at least some degree of management, the teams experience indicates that such projects may be prone to failure.     

Technological innovation in developing countries: a review of the literature

The recent literature on the role of science and technology in developing countries is reviewed in order to assess the extent of our current knowledge concerning the sociological factors affecting the development of indigenous scientific and technological innovations. Existing studies provide some preliminary evidence in favor of the hypothesis that inadequate linkages between institutions in the various sectors of developing societies inhibit the development and utilization of indigenous technological innovations.In general, relationships between government research organizations and the potential users of their technological innovations are absent or unsatisfactory. Academic research tends to be oriented toward the interests of the international scientific community. The substantial literature on the problems of indigenous technological transfer in India suggests that inadequate coordination between different sectors of that society is in part responsible for its failure to develop its potential for technological innovation.Recent attempts to stimulate the production and diffusion of indigenous technology in developing countries by creating new types of research institutes in the university and coordinating agencies in the government are discussed. Systematic evaluations of these programs are lacking, but coordinating agencies have often performed poorly because of insufficient power to influence the policies of other organizations.A sociological approach based on interorganizational analysis is suggested for future studies of this problem. This literature identifies the optimal characteristics of coordinating organizations at the government level and of research utilizations systems which link research organizations to their clients at the local level.A bibliography comprising 102 references classified by region is included.     

An investigation into the factors affecting knowledge management adoption and practice in the life insurance business

Knowledge management (KM) is crucial for organizations to enhance competitive advantage. While the issues of KM have been widely discussed by numerous researchers, there is a paucity of studies pertaining to KM adoption and practice for the life insurance industry. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the main factors affecting the life insurance business in adopting and applying KM. An exploratory field study utilizing an inductive methodology involving a multiple-case study approach was undertaken by conducting interviews with 10 key knowledge workers from life insurance enterprises in various stages of KM development and use. We utilized content analysis techniques to identify the factors with their associated variables and further developed a research model. This study offers a comprehensive model for future KM research and provides managerial implications for organizations, particularly life insurance enterprises, to better realize the worth of KM and the possible impediments involved in the processes of adopting and implementing KM.     

基于TeamCity的Web项目持续集成方案

在分析持续集成理论的基础上结合Web项目的具体实际,使用TeamCity将Web自动化测试、代码规范检查、单元测试覆盖率检查等多种机制集成到软件的开发过程中去,提出了一套基于TeamCity的持续集成方案。     

Agile and adaptive governance in crisis response: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

Countries around the world have had to respond to the COVID-19 outbreak with limited information and confronting many uncertainties. Their ability to be agile and adaptive has been stressed, particularly in regard to the timing of policy measures, the level of decision centralization, the autonomy of decisions and the balance between change and stability. In this contribution we use our observations of responses to COVID-19 to reflect on agility and adaptive governance and provide tools to evaluate it after the dust has settled. Whereas agility relates mainly to the speed of response within given structures, adaptivity implies system-level changes throughout government. Existing institutional structures and tools can enable adaptivity and agility, which can be complimentary approaches. However, agility sometimes conflicts with adaptability. Our analysis points to the paradoxical nature of adaptive governance. Indeed, successful adaptive governance calls for both decision speed and sound analysis, for both centralized and decentralized decision-making, for both innovation and bureaucracy, and both science and politics.     

中国科学院在我国纳米科技研究中的作用与地位分析

本文结合我国、中国科学院纳米科技研究的发展历程,从研究项目的组织与实施、研究资源的优化与整合及研究成果的获得与影响等各方面对中科院在我国纳米科技研究中的作用与地位进行了分析,同时提出了中科院乃至我国在纳米科技研究领域中存在的问题与建议,希望能对我国未来纳米科技发展有所裨益。     

Governance strategies for open collaboration: Focusing on resource allocation in open source software development organizations

With rapid advancements in information and communication technology, open collaboration has become easier, thereby allowing people to participate through internet platform. Open source software is one of the representative examples of open collaboration. In this research, we examine the antecedents of innovation performance for open source software development organizations on Github (www.github.com), which is a leading web service for the open collaborations of developers. From the perspective of resource allocation, this study investigates effective governance strategies to allocate developers to multiple projects within an organization. Overall, we find that the organization with high performance have a small number of developers to participate in most projects and most developers to participate in a small number of projects.     

基于CSSCI的协同创新研究知识图谱

采用先进可视化技术研究中国的协同创新研究,不但能促进不同学科对协同创新研究状况的深入理解,也对协同创新研究本身的发展具有参考价值。利用CITESPACE 软件,通过关键词检索CSSCI中检索到1998—2015年627篇文献,6320条参考文献。绘制中国协同创新研究领域知识图谱,分析该领域主要研究者的研究方向、所在机构;找出该领域作为知识基础的高被引文献和高被引期刊;哪些机构和个人组成了该领域发文的主要贡献者;对高载文期刊进行分析的知识图谱。这些图谱反映出协同创新研究领域的现状和发展趋势。通过对图谱的解读,对我国协同创新研究提出一些对策建议。     

Real-time analytics,incident response process agility and enterprise cybersecurity performance: A contingent resource-based analysis

Emerging paradigms of attack challenge enterprise cybersecurity with sophisticated custom-built tools, unpredictable patterns of exploitation, and an increasing ability to adapt to cyber defenses. As a result, organizations continue to experience incidents and suffer losses. The responsibility to respond to cybersecurity incidents lies with the incident response (IR) function. We argue that (1) organizations must develop ‘agility’ in their IR process to respond swiftly and efficiently to sophisticated and potent cyber threats, and (2) Real-time analytics (RTA) gives organizations a unique opportunity to drive their IR process in an agile manner by detecting cybersecurity incidents quickly and responding to them proactively. To better understand how organizations can use RTA to enable IR agility, we analyzed in-depth data from twenty expert interviews using a contingent resource-based view. The results informed a framework explaining how organizations enable agile characteristics (swiftness, flexibility, and innovation) in the IR process using the key features of the RTA capability (complex event processing, decision automation, and on-demand and continuous data analysis) to detect and respond to cybersecurity incidents as-they-occur which, in turn, improves their overall enterprise cybersecurity performance.     

逻辑框架法在促进和加强高校基层团组织建设中的应用

逻辑框架法作为一种项目设计、监督和评价的逻辑思考方法已在众多领域得到广泛认可。借助此方法研究如何加强高校基层团组织建设,有助于理清研究思路,明确实践节点,科学设计活动方案和评价执行效果。     

30 years of intelligence models in management and business: A bibliometric review

The critical factors in the big data era are collection, analysis, and dissemination of information to improve an organization’s competitive position and enhance its products and services. In this scenario, it is imperative that organizations use Intelligence, which is understood as a process of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, and disseminating high-value data and information at the right time for use in the decision-making process. Earlier, the concept of Intelligence was associated with the military and national security sector; however, in present times, and as organizations evolve, Intelligence has been defined in several ways for the purposes of different applications. Given that the purpose of Intelligence is to obtain real value from data, information, and the dynamism of the organizations, the study of this discipline provides an opportunity to analyze the core trends related to data collection and processing, information management, decision-making process, and organizational capabilities. Therefore, the present study makes a conceptual analysis of the existing definitions of intelligence in the literature by quantifying the main bibliometric performance indicators, identifying the main authors and research areas, and evaluating the development of the field using SciMAT as a bibliometric analysis software.     

慈善组织透明化运行机制研究述评

慈善组织的运行情况,直接关系到民众对其的体认,因而具有特别意义。在关于慈善组织透明化运营机制的研究方面,国外学者从理论和实证两个角度进行了大量的研究。而相较于西方长达数百年的慈善运营的历史以及丰硕的研究成果,现代意义上的中国慈善事业的实践时间较短、根基较浅,对其学术意义上的研究和关注亦有所缺乏。本文通过对国内外关于此研究的分析比较发现,国外学者对实证研究的取向日渐浓烈,这无疑为我国今后慈善组织透明化运行机制研究提供了参考的对象。