感知价值与预期后悔影响绿色食品购买意向的实证研究

在计划行为理论研究基础上,加入感知价值、预期后悔两个变量对理论模型进行扩展,并运用结构方程模型方法对消费者绿色食品购买意向进行实证研究。研究结果表明:消费者感知绿色食品的价值对其购买态度和主观规范有正向影响;消费者对放弃购买绿色食品的消极心理预期与其购买态度和主观规范正相关;TPB模型能够有效解释消费者绿色食品购买意向。此外,行为态度和主观规范在感知价值与行为意向、预期后悔与行为意向间起部分中介作用。依据研究结论提出影响绿色食品消费意向的"三因素模型"。     

Smart offices: A productivity and well-being perspective

The rapid development of information communication technology has led towards the emergence of the “connected world” characterised by the pervasive embeddedness of smart technologies. Smart technologies have a transformative impact on different domains of life. The application of smart technologies redefines the way people live, interact and conduct business. To date, the attention of the scholarly community has been paid primarily to smart cities, smart manufacturing and smart homes. However, despite numerous studies discussing the benefits of advanced technologies in the workplace, there is a lack of research on smart offices and how they affect productivity and employee well-being. This opinion paper argues that office spaces constitute a distinctive type of space, and research on smart homes or manufacturing does not suffice to capture its essence. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a research agenda that can advance the current literature on smart and information communication technologies in relation to workplace spaces and the potential implications these could have on productivity.     

基于感知价值理论的农户宅基地有偿退出决策行为研究——以安徽省金寨县典型试点区为例

在城乡建设用地双扩背景下,宅基地有偿退出是提高农村建设用地利用效率的重要手段,而农户主体的决策行为是宅基地有偿退出政策得以实施的关键。本文立足农户微观视角,以安徽省金寨县为例,基于感知价值理论构建农户宅基地退出感知价值权衡模型,分析农户感知价值对其宅基地退出决策行为的影响。结果表明：①农户参与宅基地退出行为遵循“感知价值→退出意愿→决策行为”的路径模式,感知价值是农户具有宅基地退出意愿和决策行为的基础,退出意愿是产生实际退出行为的主要动力,农户感知利益对感知价值和退出意愿具有正向影响,感知风险对感知价值和退出意愿具有负向影响;②农户在宅基地退出过程中是“风险规避者”,政策制度会促使农户的退出意愿转化为实际退出行为;③农户的宅基地退出行为兼具“主动性”和“诱导性”双重行动逻辑,“诱导性”行为效用高于“主动性”行为效用,表明“诱导性”行为逻辑占主导地位。因此,提出维护农户宅基地退出的权益、加大对宅基地退出政策的支持力度等2个建议,以确保宅基地退出工作的顺利开展。     

肉类营养与人体健康研究的战略思考

近30年,我国肉类加工业取得了快速发展,其产值达到1.3万亿元人民币,成为我国农产品加工和食品加工业的支柱产业,以及畜牧业供给侧改革的重要支撑点和突破点。随着经济社会的发展,肉类营养与人体健康得到越来越广泛的关注。文章在分析国内行业发展和国家战略的基础上,总结了发达国家的经验教训,剖析了我国2020—2035年肉类营养与人体健康研究的前沿科学技术问题,提出了我国肉类营养与人体健康领域的发展战略目标、战略思路、实施路径、战略内容、任务布局和保障措施。希望在国家战略层面上,围绕肉类营养与人体健康,加强生产、加工和消费环节的重大基础研究、重大技术攻关和重大产品开发,对于指导畜牧业,引领肉品加工业,推进健康食品产业可持续发展,保障国民健康等具有重要的战略意义。     

Learning consumption: Media,literacy, and the legacy of One Laptop per Child

ABSTRACT

This article examines one of the largest interventions in computer-based learning currently underway, the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project, with 2.5 million laptops in use worldwide. Drawing on 2010 and 2013 fieldwork investigating a project in Paraguay with 10,000 of OLPC's “XO” laptops, I explore the ways in which participants interpreted leisure laptop use as “learning.” I show that the most captivating uses of the laptops were not “productive” or programming-centric, as OLPC's developers hoped, but “consumptive” and media-centric, focused on music, videos, and video games. I discuss the learning benefits and drawbacks of this use, as understood by participants and in light of education research, and in light of the broader context of transnational corporations interested in marketing to these children. In the process, I weigh OLPC's utopian dreams against the interests of the child beneficiaries, concerns of media imperialism, and a potential shift in the meaning of computers.     

Acceptance and resistance of telehealth: The perspective of dual-factor concepts in technology adoption

Telehealth can be used to develop innovative healthcare services for promoting medical quality and efficiency. Despite previous research on users’ adoption intention of telehealth, users’ acceptance and resistance have rarely been considered at the same time. This study used a research model based on the dual-factor concepts of “enablers” and “inhibitors” to explain users’ intentions to utilize telehealth. We extended the Technology Acceptance Model and Status Quo Bias with the technology anxiety concept to explain why patients accept or reject the use of telehealth from the perceived enablers and inhibitors of intentions. The experimental results demonstrated users’ ambiguous and indecisive intentions of adopting telehealth. It was also found that availability and perceived usefulness are the main factors that encourage individuals to adopt telehealth services. Technology anxiety and transition costs are the key factors in discouraging people from using telehealth. Technology anxiety could be overcome through the perceived usefulness to promote the adoption of telehealth.     

Examining the Influence of Emotional Expressions in Online Consumer Reviews on Perceived Helpfulness

Drawing on the cognitive appraisal theory of emotions and the attribution theory, this study extends existing research by examining how the emotional expressions influence perceived helpfulness of online consumer reviews (OCRs). We include two negative emotions (anger, fear) and two positive emotions (pride, surprise). Each of these four emotions can be described with respect to six emotional appraisal dimensions which containing certainty, pleasantness, attentional activity, anticipated effort, control and others’ responsibility. Hypotheses thus developed were empirically validated using the laboratory experiment in the context of restaurant services. Research results indicated that emotion expressions in OCRs have an indirect effect on perceived helpfulness through attribution about the reviewer's cognitive effort. We find that reviews with negative emotions are perceived to be more reviewer's cognitive efforts than positive emotions. More specifically, OCRs with negative emotions tend to comprise more diagnostic features related the product or service, and are more informative. We further examined whether the gender of reader moderates the relationship between different emotional expressions and perceived reviewer's cognitive effort. The results find that reviews conveying positive emotions tended to have a greater impact on male readers’ perception of reviewer's cognitive effort than those of female readers. Reviews conveying negative emotions were found to have a greater impact on female readers’ perception of reviewer's cognitive effort than that of male readers. The study results add to existing knowledge of the influence of emotional expression on perceived helpfulness, which will advance our understanding of information processing in the psychological mechanisms influencing the attitude. Applying the results from this study, restaurant service providers can make different coping strategy for discrete emotions and platform administrators can assistant reviewer express their emotions more precisely.     

MP3: The Meaning of a Format,by Jonathan Sterne. Durham,NC: Duke University Press, 2012. 360 pp. $24.95 paper. ISBN 0822352877 (paper).

Along with informed consent, anonymization is an accepted method of protecting the interests of research participants, while allowing data collected for official statistical purposes to be reused by other agencies within and outside government. The Decennial Census, carried out in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, is a major event in the production of research data and provides an important resource for a variety of organizations. This article combines ethical evaluation, a review of relevant law and guidance, and analysis of 30 qualitative interviews (carried out during the period of the 2001 UK Census), in order to explore the adequacy of the current framework for the protection of informational privacy in relation to census data. Taking account of Nissenbaum's concept of “contextual integrity,” Vedder's concept of “categorical privacy,” and Sen's call to heed of the importance of “actual behavior,” it will be argued that the current “contractarian” view of the relationship between an individual participant and the organization carrying out the Census does not engage sufficiently with actual uses of data. As a result, people have expectations of privacy that are not matched by practice and that the current normative—including the governance—framework cannot capture.     

西藏农牧业转型发展的战略取向及其路径抉择

我国西藏自治区农牧业正稳步向现代农业转变,但存在一系列问题与矛盾。农牧业生产体系整体布局存在一定程度的错位,导致农牧业资源配置产生扭曲、利用效率低下,是西藏自治区现代农业产业体系发展缓慢的主要障碍因素。经营主体、经营方式以及社会化服务体系远不能满足西藏自治区现代农业发展的要求。实施粮食安全保障战略向食物安全保障战略转变,实现农牧业可持续发展,是西藏农牧业发展的必然趋势与内在要求。构建以青稞产业、农区畜牧业与设施农业为产业发展重点,以现代农业生产体系、经营体系与社会化服务体系为内涵的现代农业产业体系是西藏现阶段农牧业转型发展的根本出路。     

全球关键金属-低碳能源关联研究综述及其启示

在"碳中和"背景下,学术界日益清晰地认识到"关键金属"与低碳能源技术之间存在着紧密的相互依赖关系.为提升国际社会对"关键金属-低碳能源"关联研究的认识,本文整理了该领域2000-2020年发表的200多篇文献资料,综述了该领域研究的发展历程与最新进展,阐述了主要的科学发现:①能源低碳转型将驱动多种关键金属的开采量和贸易...     

索菲亚科技园转型中的社会技术创新研究

索菲亚·安蒂波里斯是欧洲最具战略地位的科技园区,已成为欧洲的"电信谷"。基于"社会技术"分层思想,从产业模式、政策法规和社会气质层面研究索菲亚转型发展中的社会技术创新及其作用机制。索菲亚转型发展中,形成了以"园区品牌"与"地方性生产网络"建构为代表的产业模式层面社会技术创新,以"中小企业促进政策"与"产业集群发展动议"为代表的政策法规层面社会技术创新,以"分权化"为标志的自由民主社会气质的塑造。     

可持续发展目标视野下中国食物系统转型的战略思考

食物系统是人类赖以生存的根基,也是全球可持续发展的核心议题之一。面对全球气候变化、地缘冲突和世纪疫情交织的百年变局新挑战,构建符合我国国情的可持续食物系统,对保障中国食物安全、国民营养、社会公平、生态平衡、市场有效及系统韧性至关重要。为此,文章深入剖析了我国食物系统面临的主要问题与挑战,从供给端、需求端和保障层解构了食物系统与可持续发展目标之间的关系。在此基础上,基于全生命周期、全球性和系统性视角构建了可持续食物系统的概念框架,从安全、营养、公平、绿色、经济和韧性6个维度阐明了其内涵,提出了中国可持续食物系统转型的实现路径,以期为确保新时代国家粮食和食物安全提供新的系统解决思路,也为全球食物系统可持续转型提供中国智慧与中国方案。     

以都市农业为载体，推动城乡融合发展

城市化快速发展及其虹吸效应导致城乡差距日益扩大，如何破解这一难题已经成为全社会关注的焦点。文章从都市农业的内涵外延、形态特征及其作用与功能等入手，阐述了都市农业在拓展城市农业空间、增强城市食物供给弹性、保障居民身心健康、改善生态环境及减少碳足迹等方面的独特作用，分析了城乡之间互融互通的方法与路径，并对都市农业在破解城乡发展难题所发挥的作用进行了展望，提出了推动城乡融合发展与乡村振兴的政策建议。     

农业社会化服务的绿色发展效应——基于农户视角

农业社会化服务在经验事实和政策设计上,被视为小农户有机衔接现代农业的有效路径和战略选择,是提升农业绿色全要素生产率（AGTFP）的现实抓手,有助于推动农业农村绿色发展。本文从当前农业生产经营形态中占绝对比重的微观主体出发,以大容量CFPS的2014、2016和2018年最新3期样本建构短平衡面板数据,通过投入产出测度法和技术优化Malmquist-Luenberger指数分别测度农户层面的社会化服务和绿色农业发展水平,并采用门槛效应模型进行实证检验。研究发现：①农业社会化服务会影响农户的生产要素投入结构和质量,可能通过增加正产出、减少负产出来提高农业绿色全要素生产率;②在家庭效用最大化的目标导向下,这种影响存在“适度边界”,可能通过直接转移和间接技术溢出打破农业技术辐射扩散“玻璃幕墙”,影响绿色农业技术变化进步偏向;通过专业分工、规模经营、要素替代和制度变迁效应消除“隐性壁垒”,影响绿色农业技术效率,进而共同助推微观绿色农业发展。③社会化服务对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响效应总体呈现非对称性“U”型关系,促降效应大于促增效应,且在户主性别、村庄距离和区域环境上表现出明显异质性。据此提出,要深刻把握基本国情农情,持续加快发展农业社会化服务,促进农户增收节本增效,转变农户农业生产方式,助推中国特色农业现代化进程加速。     

新时期粮食安全观与粮食供给侧改革

粮食安全是事关国家发展与稳定、独立与自主的全局性重大战略问题。我国的粮食安全理念和体系脱胎于计划经济时期,在当前的国内外形势中面临一定挑战。面对新的发展阶段,迫切需要对传统的粮食安全观进行改革,树立新时期粮食安全观,用于指导和助推粮食供给侧改革。文章尝试汇总当前阶段我国粮食供给侧和需求侧的主要形势和面临的问题,阐明当前供给侧改革是树立新时期粮食安全观的重要机遇,应该从理顺政府和市场关系、树立全球视野和双底线思维以及倡导健康与绿色生活方式等方面着眼,为我国粮食安全问题的出路提供科学合理的视角和解决方案。     

从供给侧改革思考我国肥料和土壤调理剂产业现状、问题与发展对策

肥料作为重要的生产资料,是农业可持续发展的物质基础,农业发展离不开肥料产业的支撑;推进农业供给侧结构性改革,肥料产业是绕不过去的一个环节。当前我国肥料产业面临着传统肥料产能过剩、不合理施肥导致的资源能源浪费、环境污染、耕地退化、农产品质量安全等一系列问题,行业发展亟待破局。文章从基层肥料市场和农业生产调研入手,以肥料产业支撑农业供给侧结构性调整的角度,较系统地阐释了我国肥料产业的现状、问题,提出了肥料和土壤调理剂产业可持续发展应以推进农业供给侧结构性改革为主线,以市场为导向,以满足国家粮食安全、优质绿色农产品供给、增加农民收入为主要目标的对策建议。     

碳中和目标下我国能源发展战略探讨

2020年国家主席习近平在第7 5届联合国大会一般性辩论上作出了力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和的承诺。作为世界最大的能源消费国和碳排放国,实现碳中和目标对我国能源和经济可持续发展提出了更高要求。近年来,虽然我国能源消费增速放缓,碳排放逐渐进入平台期,但我国能源消费结构中化石能源占比仍高达80%以上。碳中和目标下,在借鉴发达国家调整能源消费结构与碳减排做法的基础上,如何加快我国能源转型,明确碳中和目标下能源转型的战略路径值得深入探讨。碳中和是我国经济社会发展的战略目标,也是推进我国能源革命的重要举措,更是实现文明跨越的重要抓手。在实现碳中和的道路上,我国需要在电力、工业、建筑、农业等领域不断努力,减少碳排放量,谋划最优的战略路径,努力实现碳减排和经济发展并行不悖。     

Characteristics of small grid-controlled hot-cathode mercury arcs or thyratrons

The principle of the grid-controlled arc or thyratron is briefly described and the norminal ratings as regards filament current, maximum plate current etc. of four important thyratrns are given in table form. Methods of measuring the grid current, critical grid potential, etc., with D.C. power supply are given along with the results obtained on the General Electric Company thyratrons FG-₁₇, FG-₂₇ and FG-₆₇. Characteristics obtained with A.C. power supply are also shown for these thyratrons and some of the relative advantages of the “phase-shift” and the “critical potential” methods of control are discussed when used in connection with photoelectric cell circuits. The A.C. measurements seem to show that a time of 10^?3 second is required to start a thyratron. An amplifier circuit is shown by which it is theoretically possible to control a thyratron circuit using an input current to the amplifier of 10^?11 ampere.