从高校角度谈技术转移中的知识产权保护

技术转移是高校科技成果转化为生产力的基本途径和方法。为了加强高校在技术转移中知识产权保护,避免和防止四技服务合同中知识产权归属不明确现象,对在技术转移过程中产生的技术成果应依照法律进行知识产权自我保护,正确选择技术成果保护的方式和时机。     

新材料领域知识产权策略研究

针对新材料研发和产业化的特点,寻找与之相配套的知识产权管理策略,以促进该领域的研发过程中成果保护和产业化过程中的成果转移和推广。     

基于交易费用分析范式的高校技术转让问题研究

对高校技术转让过程中的交易费用进行规范研究后发现,机会主义行为、高校技术的不确定性和企业专用性投资所产生的高交易费用是我国高校技术转让率低下的根源。因此,科技政策的效果取决于能否降低交易费用。在此基础上把科技政策划分为引导型、中介型和制度型三类进行政策效果对比分析,最后对科技政策设计的总体目标以及所应遵循的思路进行讨论。     

大学技术转移中的界面及其移动分析

大学技术转移的界面由大学与企业两个系统之间的活动过程和相互作用所决定。从界面的视角来观察,大学技术转移既非单纯发生于大学系统内部,亦非单纯发生于企业系统内部,而是大学与企业两个系统之间的界面发生交互作用的一个双向互动的演化过程。大学技术转移界面具有模糊性、多样性和演化性的特征。在大学技术转移过程中,界面位置的移动直接对应着大学技术转移的模式选择。     

我国高校技术转移问题分析

高校学术研究对产业创新过程的积极影响已得到广泛认同.研究表明,若没有学术研究的贡献,约有10%的企业新产品和新工艺的研发就不会成功.基于高校技术转移过程的阶段特征剖析了技术转移的动因.结合我国高校技术转移的现状提出了完善技术转移机制的对策建议.     

架构大学与市场的桥梁：美国大学技术转化机构——麻省理工学院的个案研究

美国麻省理工学院(MIT)的技术转化活动取得了瞩目的成绩,这与其校内技术转化机构的设立和运作是分不开的.MIT的技术转化机构主要包括技术许可办公室,产业联络规则、资助项目办公室.这些机构有明确的政策法规指导,相互协调、促进,形成一个技术转化体系;各机构工作人员专业化,使大学在技术转化活动中处于主动地位.大学通过设立技术转化机构,在为全校教师和研究者提供技术转化活动全程指导的同时,也保证了大学的学术性方向.     

以国家技术转移促进行动为契机加强大学技术转移的思考

适应国家技术转移促进行动构建新型技术转移体系的需要,在企业创新需求的外在推动力、体现社会服务功能的内在推动力以及知识创新源头的责任等多重因素驱动下,大力促进大学技术转移意义重大。针对大学技术转移体系建设存在的问题,以国家技术转移促进行动的实施为契机,应从技术转移机构建设、知识产权管理办法、科技人员评价机制、专业人员培训等多方面加强新型大学技术转移体系建设。     

University-to-industry advanced technology transfer: A case study

This case study examines the events in the transfer of an advanced technology (a text-to-speech reading machine) from the university group that developed the technology to an industrial firm seeking to exploit the innovation. After a brief history of the six-year project, the paper discusses the roles of the participants, markets, and time and cost considerations. A model of technology transfer is presented and policy implications derived from the case are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need for matching technical competence between donor and recipient, and on the function of a transfer agent in facilitating the social process of technology transfer.     

大学技术转移对首都区域经济增长的贡献分析

 以北京市经济增长为被解释变量，分别以相应年份的大学专利批准数、技术合同签订数、技术合同金额作及合成指标为解释变量，对首都地区的大学技术转移行为对区域经济增长的影响及大学的贡献程度进行了计量实证分析，同时检验了二者之间的协整和Granger因果关系。     

政府在大学技术转移中的职能定位

从政府在大学技术转移中的目标定位、政策支持、财政投入、技术评估等方面入手分析了政府在大学技术转移中的作用。提出:政府应从政策上进行引导和规范,在资金投入上进行扶持,并引导企业加大科技转化资金投入;在利益各方的关系上进行协调,使各方利益达到最大化;同时,为利益各方提供法律上的保护;发挥引导者、支持者、协调者、促进者、保护者的职能。     

Intellectual property rights and the international transfer of climate change mitigating technologies

Our study is a quasi-replication of Dechezleprêtre et al. (2013), which was among the first studies to find a strong role for IPRs in explaining the international transfer of climate change and mitigation technologies (CCMTs). Their result is at odds with the received wisdom on the ambiguous role of IPRs in determining technology transfer to developing countries as strong IPRs can enable a market expansion effect and result in technology transfer but they may also strengthen monopoly power, increase value and reduce the incentive to transfer a large volume of technology. We extend the Dechezleprêtre et al. (2013) study by distinguishing between OECD and non-OECD groups of countries, including the effect of both de jure and de facto IPRs, and extending the period of study to include the years 2008–2018, when global trade and investment slowed down. Our exercise reveals that technology transfer to non-OECD countries is associated with a different set of policies compared to OECD countries. We also find that strong IP policies have not had the same beneficial CCMTs transfer outcomes in 2008–2018 as they did in the earlier period and in fact strong de facto IPR reduced the volume of CCMTs transfer to all countries.     

A mechanism for sharing best practices between university technology transfer offices

Research has shown that university technology transfer offices (TTOs) learn through experimentation and failure, and by sharing these experiences with others. There are many barriers to successfully sharing the best practice between TTOs. The Maturity Model (MM) created by Secundo et al. (Meas Bus Excell, 20:42–54, 2016) provides a means by which the performance of a TTO can be better understood to allow for effective sharing of best practices. The aim of this study is to improve and validate the MM to formalize a mechanism through which best practices can be identified and shared between TTOs. This was accomplished by testing the MM in 54 TTOs across Europe and the United Kingdom. Findings regard several improvements of the intangible indicators and the maturity levels of the MM. This research improves the rigor of the MM and formalizes its application as a mechanism for sharing best practices through the Improved MM.     

Transferring technology to the small manufacturing firm: A study of technology transfer in three countries

Case histories were compiled of 100 instances of technological change in 102 manufacturing companies in eight industries in Ireland, Spain and Mexico. The cases are analyzed for the source of initial ideas and for sources of technology employed in resolving major problems.Technology is found to flow principally through informal channels within industries. Very little information was obtained from the formal mechanisms or institutions normally considered central to the technology transfer process.Foreign subsidiaries obtain the greatest proportion of their technology from their parent firms. Surprisingly, they are found to have several channels of technology blocked to them, which are more readily available to domestic firms. Domestic firms, in many ways have easier access to foreign technology than do the subsidiaries of multinational firms.Product and process innovations originate in somewhat different quarters. Process innovations are slightly more likely to be based on foreign technology; product innovations are more likely to be based on domestic technology.The results reported in the present paper are very similar in many ways to results reported previously in Brazil and Australia.     

广东省高校技术转移与经济增长的协整和Granger因果关系分析

基于广东省1984-2006年的GDP与高校技术转移(包括高校专利批准授权数、高校技术转移合同签订数、高校技术转让合同交易额)的数据,对广东省经济增长与高校技术转移之间的关系进行了实证研究.协垫分析结果表明,广东省高校技术转移与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系;Granger因果关系检验结果表明,广东省经济增长推动了高校技术转移,高校技术转移对经济增长的促进作用也比较明显.     

Exclusive licensing of university technology: The effects of university prestige,technology transfer offices,and academy-industry collaboration

Exclusivity is a key concern when designing a licensing contract, yet the organizational factors that influence the exclusive provision of university licenses remain underexplored. This study provides a deeper understanding of this question by developing a balanced framework that considers both licensors (universities) and licensees (companies) in licensing deals. Furthermore, we posit that university prestige affects both a university's ability to conduct non-exclusive licensing and a firm's incentive to obtain an exclusive license, thereby shaping their joint willingness to license (non-)exclusively. We also examine how technology transfer office (TTO) experience and prior collaboration between a university and a firm moderate this relationship. To test the hypotheses, we use a dataset consisting of 6653 licensed patents owned by 117 representative Chinese universities. We find that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between university prestige and the likelihood that two parties choose exclusive licensing. Moreover, the moderating effect of TTO experience is partially supported while that of prior collaboration is fully supported. Our findings generate important implications for the relative social impacts of exclusive and non-exclusive licensing of technology inventions as well as the management of university licensing.     

Assessing the impact of organizational practices on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices: an exploratory study

We present quantitative and qualitative evidence on the relative productivity of university technology transfer offices (TTOs). Our empirical results suggest that TTO activity is characterized by constant returns to scale and that environmental and institutional factors explain some of the variation in performance. Productivity may also depend on organizational practices. Unfortunately, there are no quantitative measures available on such practices, so we rely on inductive, qualitative methods to identify them. Based on 55 interviews of 98 entrepreneurs, scientists, and administrators at five research universities, we conclude that the most critical organizational factors are faculty reward systems, TTO staffing/compensation practices, and cultural barriers between universities and firms.     

我国高校技术转移的激励机制探讨

科学技术是第一生产力.在知识经济迅速发展的时代,如何将科学知识顺利转化为技术应用到实际生产制造中去显得更为迫切.高校在一个国家中承担着培养人才、知识生产和技术创造三项任务,在技术开发与转移中起着不可忽视的作用.结合我国高校技术开发与转移的现状,分析我国高校技术转移激励机制中存在的问题,提出如何构建对高校技术开发与转移活动产生更大激励作用的相关机制.     

企业技术创新过程中的知识产权战略选择模型

知识产权战略已经成为企业技术创新重要的支持战略,本文从企业的三种基本知识产权战略实施模式出发,通过对企业内、外部评价指标的分类归纳,建立企业技术创新过程中的知识产权战略模式选择模型,为企业选择知识产权战略实施模式提供依据。     

知识产权保护与技术创新关系的理论分析

知识产权保护对于企业技术创新活动开展至关重要。本文旨在探讨发展中国家的知识产权保护与本国行业技术创新的内在关系。文章从行业技术结构的角度构建了两个理论模型,揭示了知识产权保护程度对行业技术创新的影响机制。模型结论显示,强知识产权保护对不同技术结构的行业的技术创新会产生不同影响:对发展中国家行业而言,当与发达国家的技术差距大时,强知识产权保护有利于内部技术差异大的本国行业的技术创新能力的增长;当与发达国家技术差距较小时,强知识产权保护政策会激励内部技术差异小的本国行业的技术创新,同时对内部技术差异大的本国行业的技术创新有抑制效果。因此,对于发展中国家的政策制定者而言,识别本国不同行业的技术结构--包括本国行业与发达国家的技术差距、本国行业内部的技术差异--是制定促进技术创新的知识产权保护政策的前提。     

我国科研院所科技成果转化存在的问题与对策

一、引言 根据国家科技部统计,我国的重大科技成果从1998年的28584项增长到2000年的32858项,两年增长15％,其中应用类的科技成果从23015项增加到28843项,增加了25%,获得应用的成果由1998年的18532项增加到24881项,增长幅度达到34％。可见科技成果向生产力转化的力度在逐渐加大,各类企业的科技意识不断增强。但是,我国