美NIAID所长:人类已有遏制艾滋病疫情工具

艾滋病在全球肆虐30余年来,夺去约3000万人的生命,造成严重的经济、社会负担,世界各国与这一共同敌人展开激烈的持久战。美国国家过敏和传染病研究所(NIAID)所长安东尼.福奇认为,在这场战争中,人类已拥有遏制艾滋病疫情的工具,但真正控制住这一疫情尚需时     

Regional HIV/AIDS Information Environments and Information Acquisition Success

Although health information is widely available, information acquisition patterns may vary according to where one lives. Using Lievrouw's (2001) information environments (IE) theory, this mixed methods study compares three regional HIV/AIDS information environments in rural Canada. In accordance with IE theory, findings showed regional variation in institutional aspects of HIV/AIDS information environments: health institution service models; resource munificence and technology use; and some measures of social engagement and source availability. Differences were also present in the personal/relational aspects of environments: information network characteristics and levels of interpersonal interaction. However, in divergence from IE theory, regional success rates for answering HIV/AIDS-related questions were similar (86.26–89.34 percent). Furthermore, individual-level factors were more important than network position in predicting participants’ success rates. Yet, in line with IE theory, there were regional differences in the barriers that people affected by HIV/AIDS faced when seeking answers to their questions. These unaddressed barriers suggest that further development of IE theory requires incorporation of institutional capacity: provider knowledge, responsiveness, and service availability.     

HIV/AIDS--中国发展的定时核炸弹

本文综述了中国艾滋病毒／艾滋病的现实状况及发展趋势．强调指出如果中国政府对势不可挡的HIV／AIDS在中国的流行再不采取果断措施．艾滋病／艾滋病毒受害者的治疗成本将与中国年度军费持平，中国经济势必出现大跃退．中华民族将可能再次沦丧为“东亚病夫”。     

HIV/AIDS患者肠道菌群变化研究

艾滋病是严重危害人类健康和生命的重大疾病,艾滋病病毒感染会破坏人体肠道黏膜屏障,打破肠道菌群的平衡.文章对比HIV感染者与正常人肠道菌群之间的区别,为临床诊疗提供参考依据,进而为寻求机制学说提供科研思路.     

Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative DNA Damage in HIV/AIDS Patients

HIV-infected adults may be likely to have metabolic syndrome (MS) at younger ages and in the absence of obesity compared with general population. In the present study, we determined prevalence of MS and its association with oxidative deoxy nucleic acid (DNA) damage in HIV-1 infected patients with different ART status. We used plasma level of the oxidized base, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. To measure plasma 8-OHdG we used 8-OHdG enzyme-linked, immunosorbent assay. The biomarkers of MS were insulin resistance, Cholesterol/HDL ratio, Waist circumference and Hypertension. MS and oxidative DNA damage were significantly higher in HIV-positive patients with second line ART and first line ART than ART-naive patients. In a logistic regression analysis, increased MS was positively associated with the increased DNA damage (OR: 29.68, 95%:13.47, CI: 65.40) P = 0.0001. ART plays a significant role in the development of MS and oxidative DNA damage in HIV-positive patients taking antiretroviral therapy. Awareness and knowledge of MS and DNA damage in HIV/AIDS patients may prove helpful to clinicians to manage non-AIDS diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. To determine exact role of ART in induction of MS and DNA damage larger studies are warranted.     

国际重要艾滋病研究基金发展态势的信息研究

最近20多年艾滋病在全球的蔓延对各国经济发展、社会稳定和人民健康造成了严重的危害,引起全球的广泛关注,世界各国有关投入日益加大。本文对目前国际上若干重要的艾滋病研究基金进行了总结分析。从这些基金的资助额度、资助方式、资助方向等方面来分析国际上艾滋病研究发展态势,以期为我国艾滋病研究提供一定的借鉴。     

桂林市中医药防治艾滋病试点项目运行现状与思考

桂林市中医药防治艾滋病试点项目(简称项目)于2012年成立。项目的实施,是在不断解决困难和问题的过程中进行的。文章通过总结近几年的实施情况,找出问题,制定改进措施,希望可以更进一步促进项目工作顺利开展。     

Reducing the effects of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: The role of libraries and information centres

HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease which kills people everywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to show that libraries and information centres in Nigeria can be actively used in the campaign and war against the spread of HIV/AIDS. It shows how HIV/AIDS is reducing the population of Nigeria through deaths. It highlights factors responsible for the rapid spread of the disease and shows how provision of education and information supported by library and information services can help reduce the spread of the disease. Libraries and information centres should involve audio–visual materials, and information communication technologies in educating and dissimilating relevant information to the people against HIV/AIDS in the country. The paper has discussed problems hindering effective library services to Nigerians.     

运动锻炼影响HIV/AIDS患者心血管及代谢的研究进展

目前,HIV治疗的药物副作用明显提高了 HIV/AIDS患者血脂异常、血糖调节异常和体脂分布异常(脂代谢障碍)的发病率.因此,在HIV/AIDS患者中,患心血管疾病(CVD)的风险显著增加,并最终成为死亡的主要原因.体育活动和运动训练是有效预防心血管疾病发展的干预措施,在有心血管疾病的情况下,有助于降低发病率和死亡率.在某些情况下,运动已被证明能增强免疫功能.有氧运动、抵抗运动及其结合的干预措施,特别是在更高强度的运动锻炼情况下,在多方面有利于降低HIV/AIDS患者学心血管疾病发生和促进代谢健康.文章就运动类型和强度对HIV/AIDS患者心肺功能、代谢指标的影响,为在临床中应用提供治疗策略.     

Activism, drug regulation, and the politics of therapeutic evaluation in the AIDS era: a case study of ddC and the 'surrogate markers' debate

This paper presents an extended case study to demonstrate that the interpretation of clinical trials of antiviral AIDS drugs is significantly shaped by a widely dispersed allocation of scientific credibility. Specifically, the participation of AIDS activists in claims-making about AIDS trials and AIDS drugs complicates the politics of therapeutic evaluation, even as it challenges the monopolization of credibility by credentialed researchers. The paper tracks the social construction of belief about the efficacy of the combination therapy of AZT and ddC, between 1990 and 1995 in the United States. By intervening simultaneously in interpretative debates about the results of the clinical trials of this therapy and in methodological debates about how efficacy might best be measured in such trials, activists have helped to shape what is believed to be known about these drugs.     

Management,politics, and science: a nonseparable system

Philosophy of science, as understood by most social scientists, has given us an image of the scientific enterprise as a large hypothesis testing machine. One key unit within this enterprise is the individual scientist. He has learned or intuitively understands a set of logical rules which he brings to bear in ordering his thinking about a problem. Since he was pictured as operating within an unconstrained environment in an organizationally and morally simplistic world, his goal (scientific ‘truth’) was unambiguous, the organization and conduct of his work frictionless, and his only concerns were logic and measurements. Management and politics had no relationship to his pursuit of truth or the possibility of uncovering it. The other key unit, the scientific community, was equally autonomous from the world of management and politics. It was a social system in which problem definitions and decisions on truth are the joint result of open interaction among autonomous, rational, driven men and the impersonal automatic, application of the rules of evidence and logic.What guaranteed that this marvellous hypothesis testing machine actually operated in this fashion? The character and socialization of the individual scientist and the fact that interference in or imperfections of the process will result in erroneous truths which will eventually catch up with the perpetrators and punish them through individual, system, or societal failure, as in the inexorable workings of the market place of classical economics.If this was ever a very accurate picture of the scientific enterprise, the emergence of ‘Big Science’ has placed its adequacy seriously in doubt. ‘Big Science’ involves a research system in which (a) a consciously articulated goal exists; (b) there has been a commitment of resources and the organization and coordination of skills and institutions on a scale which only national governments can undertake; (c) the decentralized structures of the scientific community are replaced by planned administrative structures; and (d) it is rare that research problems or goals correspond to the neat disciplinary boundaries within science.Recognition of these developments in the scientific community is uneven and the reaction to them ambivalent and the philosophy and sociology of science have yet to come fully to terms with them.     

糖尿病、肺癌、艾滋病病理研究

糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus)(I)I型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus,Type I)糖尿病(DM)是一种多系统的疾病。包含了生物化学和解剖学理论。它是一种关于糖类、脂肪、蛋白质新陈代谢的慢性疾病。导致这种疾病是因为胰岛素缺乏。I型糖尿病最常见地发生在青少年中,但是也可以发生在成年人身上,特别是那些接近40岁或40岁出头的