Lessons from past literacy campaigns: A critical assessment

Former Director of the Centre for International Programmes, University of Guelph, Ontario (1974–85); of the Division of Adult Education (1972–74) and of the Literacy Division (1968–72), Unesco. He has considerable experience with adult education and literacy programmes in less developed countries, notably in South and South-East Asia.     

Educational research at the crossroads? An exercise in self-criticism

President of the International Academy of Education. Former Director of the Institute of Educational Research (1971–82), Chairman of the Governing Board of the International Institute for Educational Planning (1970–80) and Chairman of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (1962–78). He is the author of some fifty books and hundreds of articles.     

School curricula and social problems

Director of the National Office of Didactic Centres, Italian Department of Public Instruction. Founding director of the European Education Centre at Frascati (1959–74). Author of numerous publications on education in the world, notably the three volumes of Invisible Capital(1975–81).     

Who benefits from illiteracy? Literacy and empowerment

Formerly Associate Professor of Adult Education at the University of Dar es Salaam (1970–79) and Director of the Institute of Adult Education, United Republic of tanzania (1979–81). His fields of competence include literacy, adult education and participatory research. Author ofThe Adult Education Revolution in Tanzania and co-editor ofParticipatory Research: An Emerging Alternative Methodology in Social Science Research.     

Public education,liberalism, and the pursuit of moral autonomy

Wesley Cragg will respond to the interchanges by Jan Narveson and Larry Haworth (see pp. 60–75 of this issue) in a forthcoming issue ofInterchange.     

Autonomism: A defence of structural privilege?

Christian Bay will respond to the interchanges by Jan Narveson and Larry Haworth (see pp. 60–75 of this issue) in a forthcoming issue ofInterchange.     

Current trends in vocational guidance in New Zealand

with research interests in applied psychology generally including career decision-making. Formerly lecturer in psychology at Massey University, New Zealand (1976–85), where she was responsible for university courses in vocational psychology.     

Caddie woodlawn: A feminist case study

Caroline Zilboorg is an associate professor of English at Lake Erie College in Painesville, Ohio. She has just finished editingRichard Aldington and H.D.: The Early Years in Letters, 1918–1920 (forthcoming from the University of Indiana Press) and is currently working on a book-length study of H.D.     

Educational reform in Japan

Director General of the Japan Scholarship Foundation. Former Director General of the National INstutute for Educational Research (1985–89). Author of numerous publications on public education and education legislation.     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术在中国人群二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄中的安全性和有效性评估(英文)

目的:评估经导管主动脉瓣置入术在中国人群二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄中的安全性和有效性。创新点:首次在中国人群比较经导管主动脉瓣置入术在二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄中的安全性和有效性。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年9月行经导管主动脉瓣置入术的40位主动脉瓣狭窄的患者,分二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣两组,比较基线水平、手术以及随访1月结果的差别。结论:经导管主动脉瓣置入术在中国人群中二叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄中的应用是安全有效的。     

Eighth IHPST Group International Conference,Leeds, July 15–18, 2005

Announcement

Eighth IHPST Group International Conference, Leeds, July 15–18, 2005     

Exploring processes of collaborative creativity—The role of emotions in children''s joint creative writing

This paper reports a study on children's classroom-based collaborative creative writing. Based on socio-cultural theory, the central aim of the research was to contribute to current understanding of young children's creativity, and describe ways in which peer collaboration can resource, stimulate and enhance classroom-based creative writing. The study drew on longitudinal observations of ongoing classroom activities in year 3 and year 4 classrooms, working with 24 children (12 pairs) aged 7–9 in England. The pairs’ collaborative creative writing sessions were observed and recorded using video and audio equipment in the literacy classroom and in the ICT suite with 2–4 recordings per pair. A functional model was developed to analyse cognitive processes associated with creative text composition (engagement and reflection) via the in-depth study of collaborative discourse. Based on the analysis of paired talk, the study has identified discourse patterns and collaborative strategies which facilitate sharedness and thus support joint creative writing activities. A key finding was the centrality of emotions in the observed creative writing sessions. This paper discusses the role of emotion-driven thinking in phases of shared engagement. The study has implications for creativity research and pedagogy, revealing the special features of shared creative thinking. It also contributes to the current methodological debate about how best to analyse collaborative discourse, highlighting the need to explore the generalisability and domain specificity of existing characterisations of productive groupwork.     

Association between serum vitamin D and severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: a systematic meta-analysis

To conduct a systematic review of group studies assessing the association of serum vitamin D status with the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients using meta-analysis. The relevant research literatures were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases prior to October 2013 with no restrictions. We included group studies that reported odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or a mean with standard deviation (SD) for the association between serum vitamin D status and the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Approximately 8321 participants from several countries were included in this analysis. Six studies on serum vitamin D status and the severity of liver fibrosis were included in this meta-analysis. ORs with 95% CIs were extracted from four studies and the pooled ORs were 0.866 (95% CI, 0.649 to 1.157). The means with SDs were extracted from three studies and the pooled means were −0.487 (95% CI, −0.659 to −0.315). There was statistically significant heterogeneity among the mean data extracted studies (P=0.029; I ²=71.8%) but not among the OR data extracted studies (P=0.061; I ²=55.6%). Finally, results from the mean data extracted studies suggest that lower serum vitamin D is a risk factor for the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. However, there is no conclusive evidence on this association because of inconsistencies between the OR data extracted studies and the mean data extracted studies.     

Women — Education — The labour market

Paper presented at the XIIth International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, 22–26 June 1986, University of Lund. Lund, Sweden.     

Educational administrative inservice education: An outline of a grounded theory

This article is based on a paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, April 5–9, 1988, New Orleans.     

Educational research in Latin America

Educational planning specialist at Unesco's Regional Office for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (OREALC). Former staff member of the World Bank and Coordinator of the Latin American educational research exchange network (REDUC), he was also Head of the Chilean Educational Planning Office (1965–70). Co-author of Development of Educational Planning Modelsand of Eight Years of their Lives.     

顺铂联合热处理对术中回收血红细胞及其中混杂的肝肿瘤细胞株(HepG2)的影响（英文）

目的:研究离体热处理和顺铂联合热处理对术中回收血红细胞功能的影响及其中混杂的肝肿瘤细胞株(HepG2)的杀灭作用。创新点:(1)采用多种评价指标研究了不同时间离体热处理对术中回收血中混杂的HepG2的杀灭作用及对红细胞的影响,并确定了对红细胞安全且能有效杀灭HepG2的离体热处理时间。(2)从多个角度评价了离体顺铂联合热处理对术中回收血红细胞的影响及对其中混杂的HepG2的杀灭作用,确定了该方案中对红细胞安全且能有效去除HepG2的顺铂浓度。方法:采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)、5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)和平板克隆形成评估HepG2的细胞存活率、DNA复制率和克隆形成能力(图1和3);从红细胞渗透脆性、携氧能力(2,3-二磷酸甘油酸(2,3-DPG)、半饱和氧分压(P50))、能量代谢(Na+-K+-ATPase、pH)、膜完整性(游离血红蛋白(Hb)、血清K+和Na+浓度、细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻比例)等角度评估红细胞功能(图2和4;表3)。结论:肝肿瘤术中回收血经离体顺铂联合热处理(42°C,50μg/ml)60min后,能有效清除其中混杂的HepG2,但对红细胞无显著影响,值得体内进一步研究顺铂热处理有效应用于肿瘤手术自体血液回输的安全方案。     

Linkages in careers guidance

Vocational guidance officer at the Public Employment Service. Worked with A. G. Watts on the EEC Study on Educational and Vocational Guidance in the European Community, 1986–87. Editor and author of books, teaching aids and computerized aids for guidance; trains counsellors at the Danish Academy of Educational Studies, along with cross-sectoral training of counsellors.     

Teacher stance in creative learning: A study of progression

This paper reports focused findings from a qualitative scoping study undertaken in four sites in England focusing on progression in creative learning (PICL) (February 2005–January 2006), funded by Creative Partnerships, a national development programme. The study sought to explore how progression in creative learning can be described in two curriculum areas. The paper introduces the analytic framework which emerged from the study, and summarises some of the key findings, with a particular focus on teacher stance, taking this slice of analysis further than is done in the original research report and discussing in particular teachers’ attitudes toward creative learning and toward teaching for creative learning.