家庭资本对农村儿童学业成绩的影响——基于2018年CFPS数据的实证研究

家庭资本会影响儿童学业,从而影响城乡教育差异以及教育公平.利用2018年中国家庭追踪数据库(CFPS)的数据,采用有序Logit模型和边际效应分析,从家庭经济资本、文化资本以及社会资本三方面,对家庭资本对农村儿童学业成绩的影响进行实证研究表明:家长主动与孩子沟通、检查孩子作业、家庭藏书量与家庭教育投入正向影响农村儿童的学业成绩;各项家庭资本对不同性别、不同年龄、不同地理位置以及不同学业阶段的农村儿童学业成绩影响不同;当儿童成绩处在优和良水平上时,增加藏书量、增加家庭教育支出以及家长主动与孩子沟通能更有效地提高孩子学业水平,而对于成绩在中和差水平上的儿童,孩子成绩不理想时的家长行为更能有效地影响孩子学业水平.基于家庭资本视角,增加儿童学习工具投入、加强亲子沟通、塑造适当的身体化形态以及增加家庭教育支出等,有助于提高农村儿童学业水平,缩小城乡教育差距.     

家庭资本对农村儿童学业成绩的影响——基于2018年CFPS数据的实证研究

家庭资本会影响儿童学业,从而影响城乡教育差异以及教育公平.利用2018年中国家庭追踪数据库(CFPS)的数据,采用有序Logit模型和边际效应分析,从家庭经济资本、文化资本以及社会资本三方面,对家庭资本对农村儿童学业成绩的影响进行实证研究表明:家长主动与孩子沟通、检查孩子作业、家庭藏书量与家庭教育投入正向影响农村儿童的学业成绩;各项家庭资本对不同性别、不同年龄、不同地理位置以及不同学业阶段的农村儿童学业成绩影响不同;当儿童成绩处在优和良水平上时,增加藏书量、增加家庭教育支出以及家长主动与孩子沟通能更有效地提高孩子学业水平,而对于成绩在中和差水平上的儿童,孩子成绩不理想时的家长行为更能有效地影响孩子学业水平.基于家庭资本视角,增加儿童学习工具投入、加强亲子沟通、塑造适当的身体化形态以及增加家庭教育支出等,有助于提高农村儿童学业水平,缩小城乡教育差距.     

父亲受教育程度和经济资本如何影响学业成绩——基于中介效应和调节效应的分析

本文运用甘肃省Q县初中毕业教育分流的调查数据,对父亲文化程度和经济资本影响学业成绩的机制进行了探究.研究发现:男生学业成绩显著高于女生,户籍与家庭资本和学校社会资本粘附在一起对学业成绩产生影响;低经济收入会影响学业成绩,高经济收入却未必促进学业成绩;学校教育关注对学业成绩具有直接正向影响,亲师关系、客观化文化资本和经济资本对学业成绩存在直接负向影响;父亲受教育程度影响学业成绩的主要方式是直接作用;经济资本通过父母的教育期望、教育支持和学校教育关注的中介作用间接促进学业成绩,客观化文化资本在经济资本对学业成绩的影响中起到了调节作用.     

父亲受教育程度和经济资本如何影响学业成绩——基于中介效应和调节效应的分析北大核心CSSCI

本文运用甘肃省Q县初中毕业教育分流的调查数据,对父亲文化程度和经济资本影响学业成绩的机制进行了探究。研究发现:男生学业成绩显著高于女生,户籍与家庭资本和学校社会资本粘附在一起对学业成绩产生影响;低经济收入会影响学业成绩,高经济收入却未必促进学业成绩;学校教育关注对学业成绩具有直接正向影响,亲师关系、客观化文化资本和经济资本对学业成绩存在直接负向影响;父亲受教育程度影响学业成绩的主要方式是直接作用;经济资本通过父母的教育期望、教育支持和学校教育关注的中介作用间接促进学业成绩,客观化文化资本在经济资本对学业成绩的影响中起到了调节作用。     

家庭文化资本对初中生学业成就的影响

基于“中国教育调查追踪调查”项目（China Education Panel Survey,简称CEPS）基线调查数据,探究家庭文化资本在不同家庭间的分布情况以及家庭文化资本对初中生学业成就影响的差异,结果显示：不同的家庭之间存在着文化资本存量的差异。家庭客体化文化资本对职业地位较高家庭学生学业成就有更大的促进作用,家庭制度化文化资本对男生的学业成就有更大的促进作用。家庭文化资本对非农业户口学生学业成就有更大的促进作用。提高农村家庭的社会经济地位,强化文化资本的社会支持,提升学业参与的家长支持,有助于促进教育公平。     

什么影响了弱势职业阶层子女的学业成就 ——基于中国教育追踪调查基线数据的分析

基于中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心提供的“中国教育追踪调查”基线数据,通过线性回归和独立样本T检验,分析家庭社会阶层较低的子女中哪些获得了优异的学业成就,以期帮助更多的弱势职业阶层子女提高学业成就,以助于实现社会和谐、教育公平。研究表明,弱势职业阶层子女获得高学业成就的关键在于其所特有的文化资本,父母的教育期望、自我教育期望、学校归属感、同伴表现、学习态度是弱势职业阶层子女获得优异学业成就的重要因素。因此,政府应联合学校、社区,健全家庭教育指导服务体系,使弱势职业阶层父母形成正确的教育价值观,提高教育期待;学校应该关注弱势职业阶层子女的归属感;弱势职业阶层子女要利用自己吃苦耐劳的禀赋优势积累人力资本。     

家庭文化资本对子女学业成就的影响

家庭是儿童获得文化资本的重要场所。家庭文化资源上的差异使得不同家庭的孩子获得的文化资本不同,影响他们对学校生活的适应和学业成就。学校教育在进行文化再生产的同时,也在进行社会再生产并使现有社会结构合法化。改革开放以后,教育制度作为社会分层的机制在日益突显和强化。这是我国学校教育中存在的不可回避的现实。     

城乡家庭资本与子女的学业成就

通过对科尔曼、布迪厄资本理论的综合与扩展,本文分析了城乡家庭经济、文化、社会资本的差异对子女学业成就的影响,得出的结论是:家庭经济、文化、社会资本与子女的学业成就有很强的相关性;城乡间家庭资本存在的较大差距是形成城乡家庭子女学业成就差异的重要因素。本文最后提出了几点关于缩小城乡教育差距的政策建议。     

家庭文化资本对子女学业成就的影响

家庭是儿童获得文化资本的重要场所.家庭文化资源上的差异使得不同家庭的孩子获得的文化资本不同,影响他们对学校生活的适应和学业成就.学校教育在进行文化再生产的同时,也在进行社会再生产并使现有社会结构合法化.改革开放以后,教育制度作为社会分层的机制在日益突显和强化.这是我国学校教育中存在的不可回避的现实.     

农村留守儿童学业负担的文化资本考察

文化资本是影响学生学业成就的主要因素之一。农村留守儿童作为教育中的弱势群体,因家庭文化产品及人力教育资源的匮乏、农村学校师资力量及基础设施的薄弱与落后和个体身心综合素质异化的现状,增加了他们的学业负担,阻碍了其学业成就的取得。农村留守儿童学业负担问题的解决,必须把提升农民工家庭教育质量、丰富学校的教育资源和养成学生良好的生活及自学习惯结合起来,才能改善和提高农村留守儿童教育质量。     

Families,schools, individual characteristics,and young adults’ outcomes: Social and cultural group differences

A moderation-mediation model was developed to investigate relationships among adolescents’ family, school learning environments, individual characteristics, and measures of the academic, affective, and social outcomes of young adults from different cultural backgrounds. Data were collected as part of a longitudinal survey of Australian youth. The findings indicated that: (1) adolescents’ family backgrounds, family and school capital, and individual characteristics combined to have a large association with young adults’ educational attainment, a small relation to subjective well-being, and a medium association with social engagement, (2) adolescents’ family backgrounds moderated relationships between the intervening variables and young adults’ educational attainment and social engagement, (3) the intervening individual characteristic and social capital variables partially mediated the relationships between family background and measures of the young adults’ outcomes, and (4) after taking into account the other predictors in the model, young adults’ earlier educational attainment was related to their later attainment and social engagement.     

Do parental attitudes toward and expectations for their children's education and future jobs matter for their children's school achievement?

The traditional discourse in the scholarship on cultural capital theory has focused on how exclusive participation in elite status culture by students from higher socioeconomic status families benefits their learning in schools, the effects of which are most evident in linguistic subject areas such as reading achievement. However, some scholars have argued that cultural capital is not restricted to elite status culture but could include parental familiarity with school evaluation standards and job market requirements, and that the effects could transcend languages to include performance domains with more objective evaluation that are susceptible to school influences (e.g. mathematics and science). The present study systematically examines this position using data involving 96,591 15‐year‐old students from 3602 schools in eight countries who participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment 2012. Results of three‐level hierarchical linear modelling showed positive relationships between seven cultural capital variables and student mathematics achievement. The cultural variables comprised: home educational resources; parental educational attainment and occupational status; parental expectations of their children's educational attainment, future career in mathematics and school; and parental valuing of mathematics. In particular, the three parental expectations variables had substantively larger effect sizes on student achievement than the other cultural capital variables. The results demonstrated that parental familiarity with school evaluation standards and future job requirements, especially as measured by parental expectations, may constitute cultural capital that privileges student mathematics achievement in schools.     

What types of cultural capital benefit students’ academic achievement at different educational stages? Interrogating the meta-analytic evidence

The present study challenges the assumption that cultural capital benefits students' academic achievement regardless of their educational stages. Meta-analytic results from 105 studies published 2000–2017 indicated that nine cultural capital variables (e.g., home educational resources, maternal and paternal education, parental expectations, cultural participation, home support, school participation) benefited all students while five cultural capital variables exhibited a differentiated pattern of relationship with student achievement depending on educational stages. First, compared to students from higher grade levels, kindergarteners benefited most from parental education, parental academic emphasis, and parent-child reading. Second, compared to 1st–6th graders, 7th-12th graders benefited more from academic discussions. Third, compared to 1st–6th graders, both kindergarteners and 7th-12th graders benefited from parental school involvement. These results provide compelling evidence that while there are some forms of cultural capital that all students will benefit from, there are others whose association with students’ achievement depends on their educational stages.     

The Relationship of Family Variables to Head Start Children's Preacademic Competence

This study was conducted with a sample of 93 Head Start children and their mothers. It examined the contribution of family variables (i.e., parenting style, home literacy activities, maternal school involvement, and maternal expectations) to children's preacademic competence as defined by four criteria: (a) performance on a standardized achievement battery; (b) teachers' ratings of children's cognitive competence; (c) children's self-ratings of competence; and (d) maternal reports of children's early school adjustment. In exploring these relationships the study controlled for the influence of variables (i.e., child and maternal cognitive variables, child sex, as well as risk due to daily stress) that have been suggested to influence directly, or indirectly, maternal involvement and child competence. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that educational expectations, home literacy variables, and school involvement were predictive of children's competence even after accounting for the effects of maternal education, child IQ, and daily stress. Specifically, maternal educational expectations were predictive of preacademic achievement and teacher-rated competence. Maternal engagement in educational activities at home was predictive of children's self-efficacy beliefs and school adjustment. Maternal school involvement was also predictive of school adjustment.     

Muslim learners in English schools: a challenge for school leaders

Faith identity is emerging as significant for Muslim students in the post 9/11 scenario, with implications for their education and wider social cohesion. This poses challenges to school leaders, raising issues not only linked to student achievement and performance, but also with regard to students’ identity constructions and their educational engagement. The paper draws on data collected from a small number of teachers and Muslim students from two secondary schools in England, looking at how Muslim students experience their identity in the school context and with what implications for their educational engagement. It also discusses the challenges for educational leaders/teachers in managing ‘Muslimness’ on educational sites. The data indicate that the increasing engagement with faith identity can be a response to experiences of discrimination, marginalisation and negative media. The paper highlights the need for communication and understanding across differences, underpinned by an equally pressing need for the recognition of religious and cultural diversity.     

‘Go over there and look at the pictures in the book’: an investigation of educational marginalisation,social interactions and achievement motivation in an alternative middle school setting

The middle years of school represent a time of educational turbulence, serving to marginalise some students from educational opportunities. Much research has focussed on individual cognitive factors influencing educational engagement, with less attention directed towards social interactions. Theoretically positioned within an expectancy–value model of achievement motivation, this study draws on the lived experience of a 12-year-old student within an alternative school in South Australia, Australia, to explore how social encounters may contribute to educational marginalisation. Findings from a narrative case study employing a semi-structured interview suggested that connections exist between social influences, such as interactions with teachers and peers, and subsequent achievement motivation. This study suggests that social interactions are critical determinants to an individual's educational engagement, affecting educational ability, expectancy and value beliefs.     

Measuring Socioeconomic Status at Individual and Collective Levels

This study investigated the multilevel dimensionality of socioeconomic status and its relationship to reading achievement in 23 countries. Different factor structures of SES were found at different levels’ observations and in different countries. The study showed that the cultural dimension strongly related to student reading performance, while the school general capital dimension explained a large part of the between-school reading achievement differences. Most interestingly, the factor relationship between SES and reading achievement at the school level varies greatly across countries. It was argued that these variations might be due to the differences in the centralized versus decentralized educational finance, tracking mechanism and some social characteristics in different countries.     

Cultural capital and gender differences in parental involvement in children's schooling and higher education choice in China

This article employs the concept of cultural capital to examine the ways in which social difference in terms of gender are played out in parental involvement in children's schooling and higher education choice. The intention has been to provide an in-depth analysis of the ways in which Chinese mothers and fathers are involved in the process. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 secondary school students and 50 parents in Beijing. This article reveals that the transmission of cultural capital is gendered. Mothers have a different and more direct relationship to the generation of cultural capital than fathers. This article reveals that patriarchal relationships are common among Chinese families, with fathers having a controlling role and mothers having a servicing one. I suggest that the traditional cultural norms, such as that based on Confucian patriarchy, have had influences on gender relationships in the transmission of cultural capital to children's educational achievement.     

Cultural Isomorphs of Educational Administration: Reflections on Western-centric Approaches to Values and Leadership

This article proposes that the achievement of conditions approximating reflective practice in educational administration in an increasingly globalized society is a function of three particular leadership qualities—sophistication, sensitivity and synergy. A case for the achievement of these conditions is presented in three phases. First, a context is established for promoting reflective administrative practice by looking at the prevailing or dominant social isomorphs associated with school administration in the English speaking world. Second, several robust and empirically verified theory perspectives on values derived from the work of Hodgkinson are presented as supports to the achievement of sophisticated and sensitive educational leadership practice. Although grounded in theory, these perspectives are presented in a practical and easily understood fashion that is relevant to school leaders. Third, the application and use of these perspectives in the setting of educational leadership practices is demonstrated. The article concludes by warning that since much of the prevailing literature has a North American bias, educators in Asia need to be alert to the potential of misleading cultural isomorphs.