Effect of calcium and light on the germination of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Urochondra setulosa</Emphasis> under different salts

Urochondra setulosa （Trin.） C.E. Hubbard is a coastal halophytic grass thriving on the coastal dunes along the Pakistani seashore. This grass could be useful in coastal sand dune stabilization using seawater irrigation. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that Ca^2＋ （0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 50.0 mmol/L） alleviates the adverse effects of KC1, MgSO4, NaC1 and Na2SO4 at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mmol/L on the germination of Urochondra setulosa. Seed germination was inhibited with increase in salt concentration with few seeds germinated at and above 400 mmol/L concentration. No seed germinated in any of the KC1 treatments. Inclusion of CaC12 substantially alleviated the inhibitory effects of all salts. Germination was higher under photoperiod in comparison to those seeds germinated under complete darkness. Among the CaC12 concentrations used, 10 mmol/L was most effective in alleviating salinity effects and allowing few seeds to germinate at 1000 mmol/L KC1, MgSO4, NaC1 and Na2SO4 solution.     

The Role of First Language in the Second Language Acquisition

In the linguistic field,L1transfer is a complex and controversial field in second language acquisition.In this article,Firstly,it will discuss some historical theories of L1 transfer.Secondly,it will analyze some manifestations of L1 transfer.Thirdly,it will explain the struc tural and the nonstructural factors in L1 transfer.Fourthly,it will discuss the problems in the study of L1transfer.Finally,it will give some my opinions of L1transfer.     

On the Cultivation of Motivation in SLA/L

There are a lot of factors affecting Second Language Acquisition or Learning(SLA/L). It is very important and beneficial to be clear about these factors in SLA/L.This paper only focuses on one of these important factors—Motivation. The author elaborates the importance of motivation in SIA/ L, analyzes the different types of motivation in SLA/L as well as the function of motivation, also puts forward some suggestions on how to culti-vate and stimulate learners motivation in SLA/ L.     

Investigation on apoptosis of neuronal cells induced by Amyloid beta-Protein

Objective: To construct a PC12 cell strain with neuronal differentiation, and observe the apoptosis and pro-liferation activity effects induced these cells by Amyloid beta-Protein (Aβ-43). Methods: 1) PC12 cells in logarithmicgrowth phase were subcultured for 24 h. After the culture fluid was changed, the cells were treated with Rat-β-NGF andcultured for 9 days. 2) Neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups:control group (0), experimental group (1), experimental group (2) and experimental group (3). The concentrations of Aβ inthe four groups were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μ mol/L, 2.5 μ mol/L and 5 μmol/L, respectively. The cells were harvested at 24, 48 and72 h later and stained with AnnexinV-FITC/PI after centrifugation and washing. Then flow cytometry was conducted toexamine the apoptosis percentage. 3) NGF-induced PC12 cells were selected and Aβ with different concentrations wasadded. The final concentrations of Aβ were 0 μmol/L, 1.25 μmol/L, 2.5 μmol/L and 5 μ mol/L, respectively. After the cellswere incubated in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37 ℃ in an incubator for 72 h, the OD values were examined. Results: 1)Neuronal differentiated PC 12 cell lines were successfully established. 2) Flow cytometric examination indicated that Aβ(1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μmol/L) could effectively induce apoptosis of neuronal-differented cells at the 24 h, 48 h and 72 h timepoints. 3) Aβ (0-5.00 μ mol/L) had no obvious effect on proliferation or restraining of the neuronal differentiation of thePC 12 cells after a 72 h interacting process. Conclusion: This investigation revealed successful neuronal differentiation of thePC12 cell strain. The induction of apoptosis of the neurocytes by various concentrations of Aβ was observed and the in-fluence of Aβ on induced proliferation of PC 12 cells by Rat-β-NGF was revealed. This study -05 provide basis for futureresearch on the molecular cure of AD and interdiction of AD evolution.     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficient and Analysis of Diffusion Factors of Cr（Ⅵ） Ion in Clay Soil

Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric analysis was conducted to simulate variations in soil dry density, temperature, pH and standing time. The results show that the method used in this paper is simple and effective. The diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) in Dalian red clay varies from 1.50×10-7 cm2/s to 2.08×10-7 cm2/s. After 1 000 d diffusion, the concentration of the source solution drops down to 1.27 mg/L from 62.5 mg/L, and the diffusion distance is only 3.5 cm. Under the assumption that diffusion coefficient is constant, the diffusion effect becomes more obvious with lower density, lower temperature, higher pH value, and much more time.     

峨眉山姜属二新种

峨眉姜 新种 地莲花(峨眉) 图1 Zingiber emeiense Z.Y.Zhu,sp.nov.Sect.Cryptanthium Boehm. Species.Z.striolato Diels affinis sed bracteis oblongo-lanceolatis vel lan- ccolatis,corollae lobis rubidis,labellum caeruleo-purpurureo-rubellum lobo medio subrotundo vel obovato-rotundato latiore 1.8—2.5cm lato,pedunculis rhachi- dibus capsulisque cum corollae tubo superjecto villosis,seminibus purpureo-rubidis differt.     

The Role of First Language Transfer in Second Language Writing and Pedagogical Implications

The influence of first language(L1) involvement in second language(L2) writing has been a theme widely discussed since the research on L2 writing process thrived in the early 1980 s. So far extensive studies have indicated that L2 writing is a bilingual event and the use of L1 is a fairly common strategy among L2 writers. In light of this cognitive characteristic of L2 writing process,a wide range of studies have been carried out,seeking to further reveal what role L1 plays in L2 composing process and how L1 assumes its role during the process. However,there seems to be no consensus reached by the L2 writing researchers so far on whether L1 involvement facilitates or interferes L2 writing,which results in a lot of confusion and frustration in L2 writing teaching practices. Therefore,this paper tries to examine the conflicting views on the role of L1 transfer in L2 writing process and analyze the reasons and theories that may underlie this phenomenon for an attempt to elicit some pedagogical implications for future L2 writing teaching.     

“两边及一边的对角”教学处理与思考

北师大版七年级下册数学教科书(2013年)第103页:议一议,如果"两边及一角"条件中的角是其中一边的对角,比如两条边分别为2.5cm,3.5cm,长度为2.5cm的边所对的角为40°,情况会怎样呢?小明和小颖按照所给条件分别画出了图4—31中的三角形,由此你发现了什么?与同伴进行交流.     

Strategy Use in the Comprehension of English Idioms——A Comparative Study of Good and Poor Chinese English Learners

This study investigates whether L2 learners of English rely on their L1 (in this case Chinese) when attempting to comprehend an idiom in English and whether the student’s level of proficiency has any effect on L1 use in understanding L2 idioms. Using think-aloud protocol, the following conclusions were reached: 1) Almost all subjects translated English idioms into Chinese and searched a match, i.e. there exist transfer and interference of L1 in understanding L2 idioms.2) When the L1 was unable to help for understanding different idioms, good students were able to use conceptual strategies (i.e. metaphors and schema) better than poor students. This paper concludes with a suggestion that metaphor instruction be used to teach L2 idioms since a student cannot get very far when relying solely on his L1.     

Numerical Simulation of a Mathematical Model for Dry/Wet-Spun Nascent Hollow Fiber Membrane

NomenclatureCsh—solventconcentrationinanascenthollowfiber ( g·cm-3 )fo—dragcoefficientattheexternalsurfaceofanascenthollowfiberF( γE)—materialfunctiondefined (Eq .( 2 ) )g—gravitationalfunction ( 980cm·s-2 )G(Csh)—materialfunctiondefined (Eq .( 2 ) )Ho—thecombinedreciprocalradiiofthecurvaturesattheouterskinofthenascenthollowfiber (cm-1)L—air gapdistance (cm )Ri—innerradiusofanascenthollowfiber (cm)Ro—outerradiusofanascenthollowfiber (cm)R′o,R″o—thefirstandsecondorderderivat…     

因式分解在实际生活中的应用

数学是人们生活、劳动和学习必不可少的工具,灵活运用因式分解可以帮助我们简捷地解决现实生活和生产中的许多问题.本文举例如下.例1在串联电路中电压U与电流I及电阻R之间的关系为U=I(R1+R2+R3),当I=2.5,R1=3.8,R2=2.3,R3=1.9时,求电压U.解当I=2.5,R1=3.8,R2=2.3,R3=1.9时,U=I(R1+R2+R3)=2.5×(3.8+2.3+1.9)=2.5×8=20.答:当I=2.5,R1=3.8,R2=2.3,R3=1.9时,电压U等于20.图1例2如图1,在一块边长为acm的正方形纸板的4角,各剪去一个边长为b(b相似文献   

Study of androgen and atherosclerosis in old-age male

Objective: To observe the difference of androgen and inflammatory cytokines level in atherosclerosis and analyse their relations. Method: Both carotid arteries and arteries of lower extremity were subjected to ultrasonic examination by Doppler's method. Those with much atheromatous plaque formation were ranged into case group, and those with normal result formed control group. Total, free testosterone and estradiol were assayed by radioimmunoassay. C reactive protein (CRP) was assayed by nepheloturbidity. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin- 18 (IL- 18), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule- 1 (sICAM- 1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule- 1 (sVCAM- 1)were assayed by ELISA. The mean difference between two groups and the correlation between free testosterone and cytokines were analysed. Results: Free testosterone was (6.337±3.371) pg/L in case group and (11.375±4.733) pg/L in control group, P＜0.01.No differences were found in total testosterone and estradiol. CRP was (27.294±10.238) mg/L in case group and (12.843±6.318)mg/L in control group, P＜0.01. IL-6 was (41.700±31.385) pg/L in case group and (25.396±20.772) pg/L in control group, P＜0.05.IL-8 was (89.249±58.357) pg/L in case group and (67.873±31.227) pg/L in control group, P＜0.05. sICAM-1 was (470.491±134.078) pg/L in case group and (368.487±97.183) pg/L in control group, P＜0.01. sVCAM-1 was (537.808±213.172)pg/L in case group and (457.275±157.273) pg/L in control group, P＜0.05. There were no differences in TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-18.Correlation analysis showed that FT (free testosterone) had negative correlation with CRP, IL-6 and sICAM-1. Among them FT had well correlation with CRP, correlation index was -0.678. Conclusion: Free testosterone was in negative correlation with atherosclerosis in old-age male. Free testosterone may have the role of anti-atherosclerosis, and this effect was not achieved by its transformation to estradiol. Low free testosterone level was followed by increased level of inflammatory cytokines. Low free testosterones coexist with inflammation and they both affect the process of atherosclerosis in old-age male.     

好莱坞超级女强人

These days in Hollywood,sis-ters-both gay and straight——really are do-ing it for themselves,as the new Show-time series The L Word,about a group ofyoung women in Los Angeles,their lives,careers,and romantic relationships,Proves.     

Language Transfer in Third Language Acquisition

Language transfer is one of the areas that have received special attention in the research of third language(L3).This paper focus es on the transfer of syntax from first language(L1) and second language(L2) in the early stage of third language acquisition(TLA).It aims at finding out whether L1 or L2 is the main source of transfer and trying to account for this phenomenon in light of typology and psy chotypology theories.A story telling task is used among 8 university students who have Chinese,English and French as L1,L2 and L3.The findings indicate that although both L1 Chinese and L2 English exert influence on L3 French production in the form of transfer,more L2 transfer occurs due to the typological and psychotypological similarity between L2 English and L3 French.The results confirm previous studies on the important roles of typological and psychotypological similarity in determining the source of transfer in a multilin gual’s language production.Some pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.     

Electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide at a waxed graphite electrode modified with platinum-decorated carbon nanotubes

Platinum-decorated carbon nanotubes(CNT-Pt) were produced by the chemical reduction method. A novel modified electrode was fabricated by intercalated CNT-Pt in the surface of waxed graphite,which provided excellent electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for both oxidation and reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The current response of the modified electrode for hydrogen peroxide was very rapid and the detection limits in amperometry are 2.5×10-6 mol/L at reduction potential and 4.8×10-6 mol/L at oxidation po...     

数学期中测试题

一、填空题1.分解因式:(1)ab一a+b一1一_;(2)m“一n“十2刀一1一2.如果am一。:一bn+b阴一2。,a十b一5,则m一n一_3.若尸+2(m一3),+16是完全平方式,则m一_.4.矿一召b+一()2.5.当、—时,分式下弄冬乏无意义;当二—时,分式壳有意义·当一‘时,分式粼的值为。,则。一—,“—·不改变分式的值,使下列分式的分子、分母中的系数都为整数:。.sx一票y 任1.-下丁沈~十‘yO 8.四条线段的长分别是scm、6cm、scm、13cm,以其中任意三条线段为边可以构成个三角形. 9.在△ABC中,乙C一300,BC一20cm,AD是角平分线,且B。,CD一2:3,则点D到边AB的距离是cm. …     

毛细管电泳法测定化妆品中的金属硫蛋白

建立了化妆品中金属硫蛋白的毛细管电泳检测方法.使用50 cm×75 μm毛细管,12.5 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液(PB) +75 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),缓冲液pH值为8.4,在200 nm波长下金属硫蛋白的检出限为2.5 mg/L.应用该方法对化妆品中掺人的金属硫蛋白进行了测定,回收率在112％～122％之间.     

L2 Teaching and Learning in the Classroom Space

L2 teaching and learning is a way of using language,but it happens in a particular space—the classroom space,which,to some extent,has a restriction to language using.This paper provides a valuable sight into L2 teaching and learning in the classroom space,and discusses the viewpoint of how to make an actual learning of L2 under the way of teaching.     

新目标英语七年级(上) Unit 12单元要点检测题(英文)

Ⅰ. 单项选择。 1. He can play guitar but he can’t play basketball. A. a5 a B. the5 the C. the5 a D. the5 / 2. The story sounds . A. fun B. funny C. well D. really 3. Her birthday is January. A. in B. on C. at D. for 4. May is the month of the year. A. five B. fivth C. fiveth D. fifth 5. — youG —I’m thirteen. A. How are B. How many C. How old are D. How old is 6. My father usually gets up six the morning. A. at5 on B. at5 at C. at5 in D. in5 in 7. — L —March 12th. A. What ti…     

自制力的分解演示器

1 制作方法 1.在一块长40cm、宽15cm、厚2.5cm的木板上相距16cm的位置开两个长4cm、宽6cm的长方形洞口。 2.两洞内各放一只乳胶袋,袋口与弯曲的细玻璃管相连(附图),接口处要扎牢,以防漏水。 3.演示板前面洞口用废排球内皮封盖住,演示板背面用三合板或铁皮封牢。