Conflict Resolution Among Preschool Children: The Appeal of Negotiation in Hypothetical Disputes

Young children's preferences for conflict management strategies were assessed with hypothetical puppet interviews. A total of 48 children enrolled in a university nursery school were each presented 12 vignettes depicting common peer conflicts. Vignettes varied as a function of conflict issue (roles and possessions) and peer friendship status (friends and nonfriends). Three conflict resolution strategies were contrasted: negotiation, power assertion, and disengagement. The results indicated an overwhelming preference for negotiation. In contrast, power assertion was the least desirable means of resolving disputes. No differences emerged as a function of conflict issue or friendship status. Neither were there differences according to the age or sex of the subject. The findings indicate that young children evince a similar preference for resolving conflicts through negotiation and cooperation as has been reported in studies of older children and adolescents.     

Teachers' talk of experiencing: Conflict,resistance and agency

This article draws on the concept of experiencing to highlight a positive connection between resistance and agency, and its potential for teachers' professional development and educational change. The article examines teachers' discourse during a Change Laboratory intervention aimed at developing teaching practices. The intervention was initiated to deal with problems in the evaluation of students' learning. The article analyzes in particular the case of a teacher whose discourse shifted from critical and disruptive to constructive and agentive. The analysis explains this transition as a process of experiencing through which this teacher faced and worked out critical conflicts related to her teaching.     

An Exploratory Study of Teachers' Beliefs Regarding the Implementation of Constructivism in Their Classrooms

Journal of Science Teacher Education -     

隐喻:教师信念研究的重要途径

教师信念是教师素质的重要组成部分。教师信念不仅影响其教育教学行为和学生的自我信念以及发展质量,而且对于教师自我专业化发展有着重要影响。优秀教师往往以教育叙事的方式来表达其教育信念以及教育教学行为的变化。隐喻是教师教育叙事中强有力的风格策略。通过对教师教育叙事中显性和隐性隐喻的分析,能够很好地揭示教师信念。     

Preschool Teachers' Perceptions about Conflict Resolution, Autonomy, and the Group in Four Countries: United States, Colombia, El Salvador, and Taiwan

Preschool teachers (N = 160) in four countries (U.S., Colombia, El Salvador, and Taiwan) were surveyed about their views of conflict resolutions for moral and social-conventional conflicts, providing choice in the classroom (autonomy), maintaining a sense of the group, and general pedagogical aims of early childhood education. The findings revealed cultural similarities regarding conflict resolution intervention techniques and providing choice in the classroom. Cultural differences were found for maintaining the group and encouraging traditional group values. The items regarding the general pedagogical aims revealed a mixture of cultural differences and similarities. The results have implications for formulating generalizable goals for facilitating social and moral development in early childhood development and education.     

Cognitions of Supervisors-In-Training: An Exploratory Study

Multiple measures were used with nine supervisors-in-training to explore supervisor development. Students' responses suggested some difficulty in assuming the supervisor role and dealing with relationship dynamics.     

Conflict in Multicultural Classes: Approaches to Resolving Difficult Dialogues

Survey data are presented from instructors (N = 114) regarding how they would hypothetically use conflict management interventions within multicultural courses. Findings indicate that participants had more difficulty dealing with conflict directed at the instructor than with cognitive conflict, which involved students’ ideas or beliefs. In addition, higher preferences were associated with the use of relationship‐building interventions across all types of conflict.     

Introduction: Education for Reconciliation and Conflict Resolution

International Review of Education -     

An Exploratory Study of the Conflict Management Styles of Department Heads in a Research University Setting

Conflict in the university setting is an inherent component of academic life. Leaders spend more than 40% of their time managing conflict. Department heads are in a unique position—they encounter conflict from individuals they manage and from others to whom they report such as a senior administrator in the position of dean. There are very few studies that seek to ascertain the conflict management styles of department heads and how these impact leadership and professional development. This qualitative research study explored the conflict management styles of 20 department heads across a variety of disciplines and with varying levels of experience at a public research extensive university in the South. Based on an analysis of conflict management styles, the article offers implications for the professional development of department heads.

Mixed Message Resolution and Children's Responses to Interadult Conflict

In everyday life marital conflict resolutions may contain consistent or mixed messages (e.g., an angry apology). How do children weight content and emotion information in responding? 5–7- and 9–12-year-olds viewed videotaped interadult conflicts in which the content and emotion of endings were either consistent or discrepant. Both the younger and older children responded to content and emotion cues in their perceptions of adults' anger and conflict resolution, with positive emotion and nonconflictual endings each improving appraisals. These findings have implications for children's emotional security in reaction to marital conflict. Younger children focused on ( a ) the content of endings when estimating their own emotional distress and ( b ) adults' emotionality when suggesting interventions. Older children reacted emotionally to both content and emotion cues. They proposed task-oriented help for partially resolved conflicts and suggested mediation when conflicts were unresolved.     

教师专业发展与实践性知识的理论认识

文章从教师专业发展的内涵出发,通过国内外教师培养模式的分析说明,把实践教学作为研究的切入点,强调理论联系实际,学以致用,以此阐明教师专业发展与实践性知识的重要意义和作用。     

教师职前阶段技能学习的路径及策略

教师职前阶段的专业技能经过"训练、熟练、老练、升华"的发展阶段,有其内在的学习路径。在教师职前培养过程中,专业技能学习需要重视师者的示范与指导、自我的训练与应用、同伴的切磋与交流、平台的展示与引领。基于技能学习的教师职前培养,需要融入课程教学之中,注重技能认知与实操的双重提升;在竞赛型、任务型以及研究型等项目驱动中实现专业技能的展示、切磋与交流;充分利用大数据时代的信息技术手段,通过网络课程开发、虚拟实训平台建设、专业技能学习社群创建等方式,逐步实现教师技能学习的"便捷性、共享性、虚拟性"。     

自我效能感对工作-生活冲突关系的实证研究

随着社会的发展,个体的工作生活冲突问题日益凸显。本研究在工作家庭冲突的理论和实证研究结果的基础上,着重验证了自我效能感这一个体特征对工作生活冲突的主效应以及对工作时间特征与工作生活冲突的关系的调节效应不仅仅局限在工作和家庭两个领域中。采用问卷法调查了202名来自各行各业的员工。层次回归结果显示,自我效能感与工作生活冲突显著负相关,并且对工作时长和工作生活冲突之间的关系起到调节作用。在此基础上,提出了人力资源管理的建议。     

老字号知识产权属性、冲突及解决

从分析老字号知识产权保护的重要性开始，阐述了未商标注册的老字号，其知识产权性质归属于商号权，通过对现实中老字号存在的四种权利冲突的情况的归纳，进而分析了产生老字号知识产权冲突的原因，最后从立法、行政、司法等角度提出解决老字号知识产权冲突的具体建议。     

Development of School Attendance Difficulties: An Exploratory Study

This article discusses aspects of school attendance difficulties, focusing on why a minority of children decide to miss school. It is an exploratory study representing a developmental approach that aims to establish the immediate determinants of school absence to gain more understanding of the nature of attendance difficulties and eventually inform practitioner methods. Questionnaires, designed to measure attitudes, perceptions and parent–child interaction over school absence were administered to two hundred and nine 12–13 year olds attending a comprehensive school. Thirty-five individual interviews were carried out with good and poor attenders to clarify the questionnaire responses. It was concluded that school attendance difficulties develop like other defiant behaviour problems, with parental reaction playing a major role. Government policies encouraging the use of punitive measures with parents of poor attenders do not provide practitioners or pastoral staff with the sophisticated working methods necessary to help poor attending children achieve an education.     

Mathematics Anxiety in Young Children: An Exploratory Study

This study explored the nature of mathematics anxiety in a sample of 106 ethnically and linguistically diverse first-grade students. Although much is known about mathematics anxiety in older children and adults, little is known about when mathematics anxiety first emerges or its characteristics in young children. Results from exploratory factor analysis indicated that mathematics anxiety in first grade is a multidimensional construct encompassing negative reactions, numerical confidence, and worry. Negative reactions were related specifically to foundational mathematical concepts whereas numerical confidence was related specifically to computation skill; worry was not related to any outcome. Levels of mathematics anxiety did not differ by sex or language background. Overall, negative reactions and numerical confidence were found to be the most salient dimensions of mathematics anxiety in this sample.