Teacher training processes and teachers’ competence—a sociological study in the primary school

The paper describes part of a study whose aim was to investigate the relation between modalities of teacher training and modalities of pedagogic practice implemented in the science classroom. The study is focused on primary school context and analyses the evolution of teachers performance in terms of their acquisition of recognition and realisation rules, i.e. coding orientation, to specific scientific learning contexts.Theoretically, the study is based on Bernstein's theory of pedagogic discourse [Bernstein, 1990, Class, codes and control: Volume IV, The structuring of pedagogic discourse. London: Routledge; Bernstein, 2000, Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity—theory, research, critique (rev. ed.). New York: Rowman & Littlefield] which provided the concepts to characterise the modalities of teacher training and of classroom pedagogic practices and to analyse teachers’ evolution in terms of recognition and realisation rules. The sample was made up of four teachers and their four socially heterogeneous school classes. An action–research methodology was followed.The results suggest that the teacher training implemented was favourable to the teachers’ professional development and their competence to lead all children to a high level of scientific development. The efficiency of the training process has to be mostly attributed to the strong classification of the researcher–teachers relation and to the strong framing of evaluation criteria, selection and sequence, together with weak framing of hierarchical rules and pacing.     

新时代中小学教学名师的培养策略

中小学教学名师培养是提升教师队伍专业化水平的重要举措,在教育均衡化发展过程中起着关键作用。中小学教学名师具有高尚的师德,对教学规律具有科学系统的认识,发挥示范引领作用,其专业成长既需要外力助推,也需要内省式自我发展。然而,当前中小学教学名师培养依然存在发展目标功利性较强、理论与教学实践脱节、教师专业发展自主意识较弱、系统化的专业引领欠缺以及反思教学与行为转化意识欠佳等问题。原因在于名师的专业成长受社会历史文化、教师自我理解与身份认同、实践共同体的共建共享等多重因素共同制约。因此,新时代中小学教学名师培养需设定"以师为本"的培训设定、构建"需求为基"的培训内容、创新"多元参与"的培训方式、实施"行为导向"的培训评估。未来的中小学名师培养要实现四个转变,即培养目标由"外促"到"内生"、培养方式由"共性"到"个性"、培养内容由"反思"到"建构"、培养价值由"个体优秀"到"群体共生",进而促进中小学师资整体水平的提升。     

学校变革中的“教师领导”

依靠源自学校内部的力量而进行的持久的学校革新,应该采取不同于以往的革新方式;促成教师基于角色转型和职业生活方式改变的专业力量的兴起,是决定学校变革成败的关键因素。教师领导这一新的角色被视为教师增权、促进变革和教师专业社群建设的必然选择。教师领导意味着教师要成为促进学生学业发展的领导者,要推动其他教师改进教育教学实践,促进学校内部领导群体的形成。教师领导的途径包括"参与"、"互动"和致力于生成"合作文化"。     

以校本研修为载体促进历史教师专业发展

＂春风化雨行动＂历史教师培训项目旨在通过校本研修促进历史教师的专业发展。在培训实践中,兼顾校本研修和历史教师的专业发展,其中设置理论学习阶段的培训课程是培训成功的重要一步;行动研究阶段,高效落实校本研修的组织和实施,需做到以反思性教学实践为主开展课堂教学实践研修,注意研修成果的随时总结和提炼。另外培训还重视对学员校本研修动力的激发和保持,强调行动研究中参训教师的嵌入式学习行为,重视对学员校本研修方法的指导。     

技工院校教师专业发展的培训策略探究

教师培训是促进教师专业发展的重要途径。选取广州市工贸技师学院的教师作为研究对象,通过调查技工院校教师的培训需求,确定教师培训的目标,制定相应的培训方案,采取分层式校本培训、项目式教研培训、引导式教学培训、实践式专技培训等策略实施教师培训促进教师专业发展,并在培训后运用柯克帕特里克四层次培训评估模型分析培训成效。     

国外近十年交互式电子白板支持中小学教师专业发展研究述评

交互式电子白板在世界范围内的普及对教师专业发展产生了重要的影响。该研究分析了国外2004-2013年十年间交互式电子白板对中小学教师专业发展影响的相关文献,发现研究主题主要集中在“教师培训”、“职业能力素质／教学技能”、“教学研究”、“教学理念／对技术核心价值认识”。通过梳理国外交互式电子白板在支持中小学教师专业发展中存在的问题,文章得出一些启示,旨在对中国交互式电子白板支持下的中小学教师专业发展提供参考和借鉴。     

论专业化视野下准幼师基本功训练的实效性

教师专业化是教师教育教学改革和职业素质的必然要求,培养专业化的师资是教育教学的质量保证。基于"师范性和专业性"的融合,提出培养高质量的学前师资从基本功训练入手,既要保证师范生"三笔一话"的传统,还要体现幼儿教师的专业技能,提高准幼师就业竞争力和适应专业化发展的要求。     

Supporting the kindergarten–primary school transition in Hong Kong: reform in a teacher training programme

ABSTRACT

The conflicting education values in Hong Kong kindergartens and primary schools pose various challenges to kindergarten teachers in providing pupils with a smooth transition to primary school which requires collaboration from schools and families. This study explored these challenges as well as the benefits of a professional teacher training programme. In-service teachers (N?=?35) and tutors (N?=?2) engaged in the module ‘The Social and Emotional Aspects of Teaching and Learning’ participated in this study. The trainees’ weekly reflective journals throughout the 22-week module were subjected to documentation analysis. Group interviews with the in-service teachers and individual interviews with the tutors were conducted on completion of the module. Findings reveal a gap between teacher training and providing pastoral care for pupils through supporting the social and emotional aspects of their families in Hong Kong, and indicated that traditional beliefs associated with the teaching profession should be widened. Meanwhile, counselling knowledge and skills should be contextualised and integrated into teacher training programmes.     

Sexuality and relationship education training to primary and secondary school teachers: an evaluation of provision in Western Australia

This paper describes the formative, process and short term impact evaluation of sexuality and relationships education (SRE) training for teachers in Western Australia (WA) over a three year period. The training represents one component of a broader project, the aims of which are to improve teacher’s confidence and skills in delivering SRE, and to support schools to implement effective comprehensive SRE. Formative evaluation conducted prior to the development of the training, found although most respondents were relatively confident and skilled in facilitating SRE, the need for ongoing professional development was highlighted, especially in areas such as gender diversity, pornography, sexting, violence and working with specific groups. Training focusing on the new Australian Health and Physical Education curriculum and mandatory assessment was identified as a need. Workshop evaluation found statistically significant improvements in attitudes towards SRE and increased comfort in teaching SRE, facilitating discussion and facilitating skills and activities, after the workshop. The evaluation identified the need for an integrated and coordinated whole school approach and efforts to engage teachers with lower levels of confidence in teaching SRE. Changes to the Australian Curriculum provide opportunities to enhance the development of SRE in schools. Longer-term impact evaluation is required to identify whole school changes.     

论教师教学策略的知识管理

对教师的教学策略进行知识管理,在实践中具有重要的价值和意义。它可以使教师隐性的教学策略知识显性化,有助于变革传统的教学管理体制,创建学习型教学文化,提升教师的专业素养。对教师的教学策略进行知识管理包括教学策略知识的搜集、保存与传递等程式。教师教学策略的知识管理需要具备相应的条件,诸如发展型的教师培养、自觉性的理论学习、反思性的教学实践与创建共享型的学校文化等等。     

Partnerships in pedagogy: refocusing of classroom lenses

Current models of initial teacher training (ITT) in England include substantial elements of school‐based experience developed in collaborative partnerships with local schools involving university tutors working with experienced classroom teachers. Balance in such partnerships has been characterised as trainees focusing on day‐to‐day pragmatics of working in classrooms whilst engaged in school experience, while their higher education institution (HEI) elements provide theoretical bases to underpin school based activities. Within such partnership arrangements, development of pedagogic beliefs and expertise is achieved by a complex network of experiences. Within the context of this paper this element of pedagogic development is shown to be less well supported than other aspects of trainee teachers’ professional preparation. This paper, using cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), focuses on a small‐scale research project in which mentor and trainee dialogue is examined. The paper concludes that CHAT analysis makes a valuable contribution to our understanding of how to resolve some of these issues within teacher training partnerships.     

Mentoring for school based teacher education in Australia

This article is to explore the possibilities of mentoring for school based teacher education in Australia. Traditionally, supervision at the school level during the practicum in Australia has been focused on the classroom teacher whose role was to oversee and watch the direct work of the student teacher. However with the reforms in teacher education within the higher education sector which began in the late 1980s, a new challenge has arisen, which emphasises a shift of focus within the practicum from the role of classroom teacher as supervisor to one of mentor. Therefore, teachers who wish to become mentors will require new skills and competencies which extend beyond those of supervision, which necessitates the need for further training and education of classroom teachers. This article examines the mentoring role and the skills needed by teachers in supporting the development and education of student teachers into the teaching profession. The article also briefly examines the implications that this shift in focus from supervisor to mentor may bring for the participants involved in the education of student teachers.     

论高中化学教师教学反思能力的提升

教学反思能力是新时期高中教师的必备能力.建议通过以下方式提升高中化学教师的教学反思能力:变革培训方式,增强化学培训的学科针对性;增强教师对问题的敏感意识,提升教师捕捉关键问题的能力;做好文本叙事,促进教师对教学实践的深度反思;开展课例研修,以集体反思帮助教师改进教学行为.     

Professional primary school teacher identity development: a pursuit in line with an unexpressed image

The results presented in this article are taken from a case study of novice primary school mathematics teachers’ professional identity development from the perspective of the teachers themselves. The empirical material was collected through self-recordings, observations and interviews. The results show how the professional identity development of these novice teachers becomes a pursuit in line with their image of a primary school teacher. To develop a sense of themselves as primary school teachers they need to establish their own criteria - individual (including graduation and personal knowledge) and social (the ability to work in one school, have colleagues and have a class of their own for which they do the planning and teaching). These criteria are shown to be both a precondition for and a part of professional identity development. The novice teachers’ image of what it means to be a primary school teacher directs their actions and becomes the goal of their professional identity development. Because of its high impact, student and novice teachers’ image of primary school teachers ought to be made visible in both teacher education and teacher induction.     

信息技术环境下基于项目的教师专业发展——对基于互动白板的课堂协同教学模式研究项目中参与教师的研究报告

本文通过对中小学学科教师在参与项目过程中自身专业发展的关注,提出了信息技术环境下基于项目的教师专业发展是当前一种较为理想的教师培训方式。     

引领与协作——社会性别视角下高校女教师的师徒生活研究

师徒制作为重要的在职教师培训模式之一,具有久远的历史渊源。现代师徒制是在对现代学徒制的借鉴和对职业教育的反思基础上产生并加以运用的。师徒生活通过提升教学理念、促进反思性教学、塑造职业性格而提升了高校女教师的课堂生活质量,通过缓解情感危机、养成心理健康、传承职业情感而丰富了女教师的日常生活体验,因女性独特的性别身份对于师生生活的有效性产生了积极的推动作用。     

Prospective teachers navigating intersecting communities of practice: early school placement

An issue of particular concern in mathematics teacher education is the relationship between theory and practice, and the nature of university–school partnerships. We report here on results from a research project answering the call for a more systematic understanding of the practice learning context. The study focuses on the new Norwegian elementary teacher education programme and highlights the difficulties involved in connecting theory and practice and how prospective teachers may be supported in this respect. Focus group interviews involving 51 first-year prospective teachers and 25 teacher–mentors investigated early school placements, specifically prospective teachers’ positions in the classroom as teachers of mathematics, and the ways in which the mentoring relationship supported their developing role. Taking a communities of practice perspective, we found that the idea of movement across intersecting and sometimes conflicting communities of practice is helpful in aiding our understanding of the difficulty of connecting theory and practice. Additionally, variations in mentoring styles and perceptions of prospective teachers’ mathematics and pedagogic knowledge competencies play a part in some prospective teachers’ difficulties in taking up a role as legitimate peripheral participant in the school. We conclude by considering ways in which prospective teachers might be better supported to cope with school placement.     

The impact of pre‐service field training sessions on the probability of future teachers using ICT in school

Most industrialised countries have adopted training strategies for pre‐service teachers that place experienced teacher guidance centre stage, particularly within the context of regular pre‐service field training sessions. In this article, after analysing the data taken from a longitudinal survey on the computer skills and attitudes of students toward the integration of ICT in teaching in primary and secondary school teacher education programmes at the University of Sherbrooke, the authors underline the potential contradictory effects between the classroom teaching observed during practicum and the effort to support the use of computer technology in school during university training. They conclude by underlining the importance of supporting the professional development of practising teachers regarding the use of ICT, with the aim of changing practices observed by students in training and optimising the probability of increasing the use of these technologies in their future role as teachers.     

Talking and Teaching Through a Positional Lens: Recognizing what and who we privilege in our practice

This article describes a year‐long professional development project that brought together a group of high school English teachers around multicultural literature they would be teaching to their students. The teachers all taught together in a culturally and economically diverse high school context in the USA. One objective of the project was to enable the teacher participants to explore their discourse patterns around the literature to discern their own subject positions with regard to one another and to the texts studied. In addition, the teachers together analyzed their own classroom discourse to determine how those subject positions carried over into their teaching, how they essentially taught who they were. Discussions of multicultural literature and teachers’ talk around that literature, accompanied by close interrogation of classroom practice, enabled the teachers to discern what (and who) they privileged in their teaching practice. These realizations led one of the two teachers highlighted to readily change her pedagogy and curriculum to better support the learning and empowerment of all students.