Research ethics in open and distance education: Context,principles and issues

Since the early 1980s there has been increasing debate about research ethics and a gradual increase in the institutionalisation of ethics approval and monitoring. Initially this occurred in areas of biomedical research, but more recently all areas of research which involve human beings as sources of data have been included. Australia, along with other nations, has been intimately involved in these developments and now has a firmly established structure of Institutional Ethics Committees (IECS) topped by the Australian Health Ethics Committee (AHEC) for the approval and monitoring of human research ethics. Although there are guidelines and codes of practice, many issues remain still to be resolved as the panoply of research methods and practices is extended and encountered. Australian research in open and distance education is being caught in the embrace of IECs and their guidelines, and the Open and Distance Learning Association of Australia is preparing its own code of research ethics. This article outlines the context and discusses the major ethical issues and implications for research in open and distance education. It considers issues of both principle and practice, and points to some of the special circumstances which researchers in open and distance education face.     

Aristotelian action research: its value for studying character education in schools

This article explores what it means for teachers to engage in and evaluate students’ character education, by examining the connections between action research and Aristotelian virtue ethics. These connections are explored in two ways. Firstly, the article examines what perspective action research has on how moral education, understood in an Aristotelian way, can be implemented and evaluated. While character education may be hot in educational theory, academic advances have not always reached teachers, heads of school, policy-makers and politicians. Secondly, a specifically Aristotelian approach to action research is explored that may help teachers to understand how action research about character education in schools can best be conducted. After a comparison of the three major action research paradigms, ‘Aristotelian action research’ is described as a kind of dialogical enquiry that contributes to the growth of teachers’ practical wisdom, which, in turn, has an effect on children’s character development. The article ends with suggestions as to how research about character education could be improved if we shift our attention from making character programmes more ‘effective’ to extending and refining teachers’ own practical wisdom and virtue.     

瑞典教师职业发展概况研究

瑞典教育在20世纪60年代迎来了发展的高潮期,从最初教师教育计划到后来的在职培训都经历了巨大的变革。因此教师以及相关教师教育的一些事件与这些任务和期望有着非常迫切和复杂的关系。一般来说,这包括为教师提供合适的职业支持和培训,还涉及到如职业道德、职业结构、教学思想、教学文化、策略中心,教育质量以及教育研究在职业发展中所扮演的角色等等。     

Towards an understanding of the place of ethics in school-based action research in the United Kingdom

As school-based action research has taken a higher profile in UK schools, the place of ethics warrants particular attention. This paper draws on evidence from a taught online Master of Education course collated via chat room discussion where 53 researching teachers were asked to explore policy within their own institution regarding school-based action research ethics. None of these teachers identified the existence of any such policies but described instead current practices. We analysed their reported school-based action research practices and discovered three major categories of response: the unexamined use of gatekeepers; the unsupported use of existing ethics guidelines (such as those of the British Educational Research Association); and the conflation of legal and ethical demands by schools. We raise questions relating to the relationship between ethics and education and call for all those involved in school-based action research to take part in developing action research ethical policy in school.     

Connecting initial teacher education and continuing professional learning through action research and action learning

This paper reflects our commitments as teacher educators to develop the skills, knowledge and interests amongst ‘nearly qualified teachers’ to establish action learning as an integral part of their professional practice. We outline the development of an undergraduate unit that is endeavouring to achieve this at Edith Cowan University, Western Australia. Key principles and characteristics of action research and action learning are used as a framework for critical reflection on the unit. Attempting to provide learning experiences that adhere to these principles within the context of initial teacher education courses is identified as a challenging process. Planned developments in which we seek to enhance the extent to which teacher education can be seen to embrace and promote action research and action learning are discussed.     

Tackling a lingering infirmity: On the nature and warrant of action research in education

The BERA initiative on promoting Close-to-Practice (CtP) research raises new challenges for action research, particularly as uncertainties about the standing and rigour of action research were expressed in the report of the education panel for the 2015 Research Excellence Framework (REF) in the United Kingdom. The work of tackling these challenges is essential in advancing CtP research, and it discloses, in turn, new possibilities. In this paper we review some pioneering developments in action research and analyse the difficulties it has experienced in securing parity of standing with other forms of research. We argue that action research is more than, and sometimes other than, a social science. We seek to show that if action research is to be recognised by credentials that are its own, and judged by criteria that are proper to it, not only does it lose any lower standing. Rather, it becomes a major pathway, with deep roots in the critical traditions of Western practical philosophy, through which the defining purposes of education itself, as a distinctive human practice, are ascertained and affirmed, pursued and appraised.     

Critical action research and third wave feminism: a meeting of paradigms

Critical action research emphasises participation, democracy and social critique, and thus has had considerable potential for feminist scholarship and action. Feminist action research, in turn, has gained a foothold in education, for example, through the work of Hollingsworth, Miller, Lather and others, although much action research might still be termed gender blind. This theoretical resource provides a discussion of recent developments in feminist ideas and their relevance for critical action research, suggesting that there is much to unite the two paradigms. The resource's overall aim is to call attention to the importance of feminist ideas for action research, and to demonstrate what feminist action research has to offer, not only for girls and women pupils and teachers, but for other marginalised and discriminated groups.     

英国教育研究伦理的规范和实践及对我国教育研究的启示

研究伦理是进行社会科学研究时需要遵守的重要准则。英国教育研究学会(BERA)对研究伦理的基本内容和应用原则有着详细和成熟的规定,并在教育学研究生学术训练和学术研究审查程序中占据重要地位。研究伦理在英国的发展和实践对中国教育学界树立以人为本的研究伦理观,发挥各科研教学机构和学会组织的基础性作用,以及在国家层面形成对研究伦理的统一指导,建立与国际学术界接轨的学术规范等方面具有重要的借鉴作用。     

浅谈加强会计职业道德教育

会计职业道德教育是塑造和改造会计人员道德面貌的工作.良好的职业道德风尚应从学校会计教育抓起.职业道德教学在大学会计教学中的重要性,提出了建议.     

大学如何才能受人尊重—关于我国高等教育伦理研究的几点思考

高等教育伦理研究是高校成为受人尊重大学的重要保证。如何确立高等教育的最终价值,确立高校与社会、高校内部各要素之间的伦理关系,拓宽高等教育职业道德研究视野,实现高校应有的德性是高等教育伦理研究的主要问题。对高校教育目的、内容、功能、方法进行伦理校正,高等学校如何促进高等教育制度公正、公平,高校德性实现的具体路径。则构成了高等教育伦理研究的主要内容。发现、证明、证实高等教育发展的伦理概念和命题并构建逻辑化、系统化的理论是高等教育伦理研究的基本方法。     

工程伦理教育:历史探索、现实困境与行动方略

工程伦理教育是我国高等工程教育系统的重要组成部分,深刻影响着新工科建设的水平。分析工程伦理教育的发展历史,可归纳为前工程伦理教育时期、基于实用主义的工程伦理教育和基于建制化的工程伦理教育三个阶段。我国工程伦理教育起步晚、经验少,其教育理念模糊、理论研究薄弱、实践应用不强的不足促使工程伦理教育要创新发展,以此构建出工程伦理教育的新模式,形成理论研究的新体系,拓展教育的实践空间。     

论教育伦理学的个体善与社会善

作为一门从伦理道德的视角对教育活动进行价值分析和行为导向的交叉学科,教育伦理是个体与社会教育伦理的有机统一。现代教育伦理在研究视阈上不仅要关注个体教育善的实现,而且应重视社会教育善的构建。个体与社会之教育善是个体与社会教育伦理把握教育世界的精神实践,两者都存在价值合理性根据,有其应然的一系列规范性要旨。教育伦理研究范畴的这一拓展,既是弥补传统教育伦理研究在作用范围上存在缺憾的需要,也是全面建设和谐社会的内在需要。     

西方教育管理伦理研究的进展及启示

西方教育管理伦理研究的兴起源于一定的社会背景、学术资源和教育改革实践,在近30年的研究过程中,不仅彰显了研究的意义,厘清了基本内涵,还形成了多维的研究视角。西方教育管理伦理对教育腐败、道德领导及教学伦理等主要研究领域的探索对我国具有一定的启示和借鉴意义。     

高校德育的误区与行动尝试

道德在本质上是社会性和精神性的统一,是自律和他律的内在统一。传统德育存在群体的道德虚无、理性缺失与公共道德缺失等问题。德育的本质不是写在书本上的“清规戒律”,而是能够让人内化于心中,并在社会生活中去践行的行动,实践性是德育的本质属性。道德小品开启了德育行动的大门,行动研究是德育终极目的实现的关键。     

论相对主义伦理观及其教育意义

相对主义伦理观对道德教育有非常重要的积极意义，它所关注的一些教育价值和教育问题，往往正是我们德育工作所欠缺的，重新审视相对主义伦理观，这是德育研究不能忽视的重要内容。     

国内外旅游伦理研究述评

国外关于旅游伦理的研究坚持以实践为导向,主要从旅游伦理的主体、原则、规范和实践四个方面进行了研究。国内关于旅游伦理研究主要集中在旅游伦理理论构建、旅游伦理实践探索、旅游伦理规范建设和旅游伦理教育强化等四个领域。国内外旅游伦理的研究存在旅游伦理研究对象不清、研究重点不突出、缺乏哲学批判、忽视德性伦理、缺乏多元基础理论等问题,需要从区分旅游活动和旅游经营活动、强化旅游伦理实践伦理问题导向、加强哲学反思和批判、重视德性伦理研究和丰富旅游伦理基础理论等方面推进旅游伦理的研究。     

EPIC: a framework for using video games in ethics education

Ethics education can potentially be supplemented through the use of video games. This article proposes a novel framework (Ethics Practice and Implementation Categorization [EPIC] Framework), which helps educators choose games to be used for ethics education purposes. The EPIC Framework is derived from a number of classic moral development, learning, and ethical decision-making models, including frameworks and theories associated with games and ethics, as well as prior empirical and theoretical research literature. The EPIC Framework consists of seven ethics education goals (e.g., building ethical awareness, practicing reflection, and enhancing character), and 12 strategies associated with ethics education, which are also present in video games (e.g., role-play, modeling, and simulation). Each of the framework’s categories is described in detail, and the limitations of the framework are also discussed.     

职校生职业道德教育方法与途径探讨

职业学校培养学生不仅要具有熟练的专业技能,还要具有良好的职业道德.职业学校应根据学生特点探索行之有效的职业道德教育方法与途径.从德育课程和营造全方位育人环境方面论述了职校生职业道德教育的方法与途径.     

师德教育与教师的专业发展

现代教育中教师的职责使命迫切需要师德教育与教师专业发展有机融合,相互促进。师德教育与教师专业发展两者的不同研究历史以及教师专业化的＂技术化＂研究误区,一定程度上导致师德教育未能深入到教师专业发展层面来开展。师德建设要走出困境,取得实效,必须要注重与教师专业情意提升相结合,注重师德修养与专业知识技能形成＂合金＂,使师德成为促进教师专业化的强大动力。     

向市场经济过渡的道德建设

当前中国正处于计划经济向市场经济过渡阶段，过渡经济实践向传统计划经济道德观和现代市场经济道德观提出了挑战，实践呼唤过渡经济道德观，过渡经济道德观是中国传统道德化与现代道德化的精华融汇，是一种承先启后的道德观，根据经济过渡实际，过渡经济道德建设应体现先进性，广泛性和层次性的统一，把社会道德，职业道德建设作为过渡时期道德的战略重点，从经济，教育，法律，管理等多方面综合推进过渡经济的道德建设。