Relationships Among Early Childhood Behavior Rating Scales: Convergent and Discriminant Construct Validity of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales

Research Findings: Data that serve to establish the convergent and discriminant construct validity of a new behavior rating scale for use with the early childhood preschool population-the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS)-are presented. The results of four different studies are presented wherein PKBS ratings of preschool or kindergarten age children were correlated with established comparison measures: the Social Skills Rating System, Mattson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters, Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and School Social Behavior Scales. Correlations were in the desired directed for demonstrating convergent and discriminant construct validity of the PKBS. Practice Implications: The PKBS appears to adequately measure the constructs of social skills and both internalizing and externalizing problem behavior in early childhood. Although additional validation research for this instrument is needed, the PKBS appears to show promise as a research tool, screening device, and assessment instrument for assessing social-emotional behavior of children ages 3-6. Given the increasing importance of early detection of social-emotional problems as part of a comprehensive system of prevention and early intervention, future efforts at linking assessment tools to specific and effective intervention techniques appear to be a much needed and significant endeavor.     

Relationships Among Early Childhood Behavior Rating Scales: Convergent and Discriminant Construct Validity of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales

Research Findings: Data that serve to establish the convergent and discriminant construct validity of a new behavior rating scale for use with the early childhood preschool population-the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS)-are presented. The results of four different studies are presented wherein PKBS ratings of preschool or kindergarten age children were correlated with established comparison measures: the Social Skills Rating System, Mattson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters, Conners Teacher Rating Scale, and School Social Behavior Scales. Correlations were in the desired directed for demonstrating convergent and discriminant construct validity of the PKBS. Practice Implications: The PKBS appears to adequately measure the constructs of social skills and both internalizing and externalizing problem behavior in early childhood. Although additional validation research for this instrument is needed, the PKBS appears to show promise as a research tool, screening device, and assessment instrument for assessing social-emotional behavior of children ages 3–6. Given the increasing importance of early detection of social-emotional problems as part of a comprehensive system of prevention and early intervention, future efforts at linking assessment tools to specific and effective intervention techniques appear to be a much needed and significant endeavor.     

幼儿教师的评价素养与发展路径

幼儿教师的评价素养是在促进幼儿学习和成长过程中获得提升的,与应试型评价模式有本质区别。从"对学习的评价"到"促进学习的评价"的范式转换,要求幼儿教师重点发展以观察技术为基础的评价信息收集能力、以领域内容知识和儿童学习特点为基础的评价信息分析能力、以领域教学知识为基础的评价信息运用能力,并通过评价知识与技能学习、专业研修与实践反思、合作研讨与自主发展等路径,逐渐丰富和提升教学与评价融为一体的教学评价素养。     

The Neale Scales of Early Childhood Development and Later Reading Performance: A multivariate analysis∗

A multivariate analysis of variance, using three factors obtained from a pre‐school developmental index (Neale Scales) as the dependent variables, and group membership based on subsequent longitudinal reading performance as the independent variables, resulted in a significant multivariate F for a sample of 204 children (p<.0001). Step‐down tests and post hoc comparisons indicated that a factor termed ‘receptive language ability’ accounted for most of the between‐group variance. This factor was able to distinguish in a longitudinal study between initially poor readers who improved in time (the slow starters) compared to those who did not improve (the failing group).

     

早期学习与发展标准的制订:又一份国家指导性文件的诞生

近年来，在联合国儿童基金会的大力支持与推动下，很多国家包括中国参与了其制订早期儿童学习与发展标准的项目，并取得了实质性进展。文章以文献综述的形式介绍了这些国家制订早期学习与发展标准的背景、进程、遇到的挑战及对后续工作的展望，以让幼教界N4=-对此标准的制订有一个整体了解。     

两种学前教育评价新方案的对比——多彩光谱评价方案与作品取样系统

本文基于对评价功能问题的思考,介绍了两种新出现的以发挥评价发展和促进功能为基本出发点的学前教育评价方案,即多彩光谱评价方案和米歇尔的作品取样系统评价方案,并对每种评价方案产生的理论基础、具体内容以及优缺点进行了分析,以揭示它们之间的异同及其对当前我国学前教育评价的启示.     

走向专业发展的幼儿园教师教育改革——世界幼儿教育发展趋势之一

走向专业发展的幼儿园教师教育改革是当今幼儿教育发展趋势之一.这一趋势主要表现为三个方面:一是幼儿园教师教育一体化,二是以幼教机构为本开展幼儿园教师教育,三是以发展为导向开展幼儿园教师教育.     

Assessment of Preschool Early Literacy Skills: Linking Children's Educational Needs with Empirically Supported Instructional Activities

The importance of the preschool period for becoming a skilled reader is highlighted by a significant body of evidence that preschool children's development in the areas of oral language, phonological awareness, and print knowledge is predictive of how well they will learn to read once they are exposed to formal reading instruction in elementary school. Although there are now a number of empirically supported instructional activities for helping children who are at -risk of later reading difficulties acquire these early literacy skills, limitations in instructional time and opportunities in most preschool settings requires the use of valid assessment procedures to ensure that instructional resources are utilized efficiently. In this paper, we discuss the degree to which informal, diagnostic, screening, and progress-monitoring assessments of preschool early literacy skills can inform instructional decisions by considering the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to assessment.     

走向幸福:幼儿教师专业发展的归宿

职业倦怠是幼儿教师专业发展中面临的一场生态危机,严重阻碍了幼儿教师的专业发展;教育是幸福的事业,幼儿教师是幸福的职业,对幸福的追求体现出对幼儿教师的生命关怀.实现幼儿教师从职业倦怠走向职业幸福,是其专业发展的路径与归宿.     

学前教育评价的历史发展轨迹及其未来发展趋势

学前教育评价作为考量并提升学前教育质量的主要方式,越来越受到人们的关注和重视。学前教育评价起始于以测验为主的教育测量,历经描述性评价、判断性评价及建构性评价,在新时期呈现出融合、多样化的发展趋势。探究与分析学前教育评价的历史发展轨迹及其未来发展趋势,能为我们更有效地开展学前教育评价提供有意义的借鉴。     

学前教育评价的历史发展轨迹及其未来发展趋势

学前教育评价作为考量并提升学前教育质量的主要方式,越来越受到人们的关注和重视。学前教育评价起始于以测验为主的教育测量,历经描述性评价、判断性评价及建构性评价,在新时期呈现出融合、多样化的发展趋势。探究与分析学前教育评价的历史发展轨迹及其未来发展趋势,能为我们更有效地开展学前教育评价提供有意义的借鉴。     

Factors that May Influence Treatment Effects: Helping Practitioners Select Early Numeracy Interventions

Despite encouraging findings that show that interventions can improve students’ math understanding, achievement gaps in math often persist or even widen for students who struggle. Practitioners play a significant role in closing these achievement gaps because they have the responsibility to select or design interventions. Practitioners may wish to consider factors that influence intervention effectiveness. This study evaluated numeracy interventions and explored how features of the studies and interventions may have influenced reported effects. Exploratory analyses revealed smaller effects when only distal measures were considered (g = 0.35; SE = 0.05), or when studies reported including more than 30 percent of participants as English learners (g = 0.44; SE = 0.12). Results also indicated variable effects across the same intervention programs. Implications for practitioners related to selecting interventions are discussed.     

澳大利亚全国读写计算能力考评计划述评

全国读写计算能力考评计划是澳大利亚学业成就评价改革的重要举措。其旨在促进澳大利亚课程标准的统一,提高学生学业成绩跨州跨地区的可比性,提升澳大利亚教育体质的透明度。其启示在于:作为全国性的学业成就考试必须公正、透明;学业成就评价的信息来源应该是多渠道的,不应将考评结果作为惟一的参考依据;全国性的学业成就评价的考评报告内容应翔实,应充分反映学生具体的学业水平;学业成就考评报告应立足多元化。     

学前教育内涵式发展研究

学前教育内涵式发展强调质量提升、结构优化、效益提高与可持续发展。提升学前教育质量、解决社会供需矛盾、为国家创造财富是学前教育内涵式发展的现实依据。当前,我国学前教育内涵式发展面临着以下问题:政府职责失范,责权配置模糊;学前教育资源分布不均,地域间、园际间差距显著;公民办园结构失衡,学前教育属性摇摆;师资队伍结构失范,核心素养薄弱。为此,必须从理念维度、目标维度、制度维度与结构维度构建学前教育内涵式发展保障机制。     

The Preschool Learning Assessment Device: An approach to the dynamic assessment of young children

This paper describes the Preschool Learning Assessment Device, a dynamic assessment approach appropriate for use with children between the ages of three through five years. The approach is related to Feuerstein’s Learning Potential Assessment Device and to a general dynamic assessment paradigm. Research information from two studies investigating this procedure is described, and a specific case example is provided.     

Preschool Temperament Assessment: A Quantitative Assessment of the Validity of Behavioral Style Questionnaire Data

Research Findings: Child temperament is an important construct, but its measurement has been marked by a number of weaknesses that have diminished the frequency with which it is assessed in practice. We address this problem by presenting the results of a quantitative construct validation study. We calculated validity indices by hypothesizing the magnitude of relationships between Behavioral Style Questionnaire (BSQ) subscales and criterion measures assessing student–teacher relationships, student characteristics related to teaching stress, and peer play interactions. We tested these hypotheses against the actual correlations observed in a sample of 44 children 40 to 68 months of age. These analyses indicated strong support for 4 of the BSQ subscales (Activity, Rhythmicity, Approach, and Adaptability) and moderate support for 1 subscale (Mood). However, new item generation and testing is recommended for 3 subscales (Intensity, Persistence, and Threshold), along with further construct definition work for the final subscale (Distractibility). Practice or Policy: These findings are particularly relevant for early childhood educators who wish to assess temperament yet are uncertain of the issues involved in its measurement. Results derived from the BSQ, viewed in context, can increase practitioners’ understandings of children's individual characteristics and guide the development of interventions to promote optimal early educational experiences for children.     

Clarifying the Preschool Assessment Process: Traditional Practices and Alternative Approaches

Preschool assessment is a complex process through which children's eligibility for special education services is determined. The assessment process requires decisions based on information gathered at several steps. To make these decisions, teams of professionals and families require information gathered from multiple sources. This article provides an overview of traditional and nontraditional sources of assessment information.     

当前我国幼儿园教育质量评价工作的误区及调整策略

本文针对《幼儿园教育指导纲要（试行）》颁发后各地需要重新调整分级分类验收标准的形势，分析研究了验收过程中存在的基本问题，如：评价内容及标准自身的缺陷，评价中缺乏对“硬件”使用效率的关注。评价方式缺乏量与质的统整，评价主体单一化，评价的信度效度缺乏监控等问题，并在分析的基础上，提出了相应的调整建议与策略。     

指向教师专业发展的幼儿园教师评价内容

对于教师评价而言,评价内容是评价方案的核心.幼儿园教师的评价内容是否科学合理,直接关系到有关幼儿园教师评价方案的成败,也会影响到幼儿园教师评价的实施.随着教育评价理论的不断发展,发展性教师评价日渐受到人们的重视,其评价内容注重教师专业特点和工作特殊性,通常包括常规性、专业性和发展性三个层次.