运动酷

64运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷运动酷@王梓廷     

体育和运动常识简说--运动与竞技

本文所说的运动，指的是身体运动。身体运动常被称为身体活动或身体练习。身体运动下属的有多种运动，如体育运动、竞技运动等。体育运动所属的有上下肢运动、胸腰背腹运动等。竞技运动所属的有田径竞技运动、体操竞技运动等。体育运动和竞技运动各自下属的运动都是多种多样的。这些运动都属于身体运动。     

论运动技能

运动技能是在一定运动形式下,与运动技术结合一体的运动能力;运动能力是运动技能的内在尺度,运动技术是运动技能的外在尺度;运动技能概括地反映了运动实践的全过程,是衡量体育运动个体化程度的量度。     

运动市场的结构及内涵

采用文献资料研究方法,以运动产品的性质为逻辑主线,研究了运动市场的结构.广义上,运动市场可以分为运动本体市场、运动衍生市场和运动辐射市场.运动本体市场是指运动服务市场,包括竞赛表演和练习娱乐市场.运动衍生市场是指利用运动服务的价值再生新的市场客体而形成的市场,包括运动性无形资产市场和运动生产要素市场等.狭义上,运动衍生市场和运动辐射市场不属于运动市场范畴.但是,属于运动产业经营涉及的市场.     

大学生运动员应具备的非智力因素结构探析

运用文献资料研究、问卷调查法、数理统计法与逻辑推理等方法,对江西师范大学164名运动训练专业学生进行非智力因素问卷调查,经研究分析得出大学生运动员应具备的非智力因素结构包括运动自信心、运动自制性、运动坚韧性、运动独立性、运动动机、情绪稳定性、运动焦虑、运动责任感、成就动机、运动好胜心、运动持续性和运动热情。     

时尚贴心的iphon／ipad运动管理专家

运动是高品质生活的必修课 运动不仅仅是爱好，运动要成为生活的一部分，运动也要时尚；时尚的运动不是要追求运动形式的概念。科学有效的运动才是健康运动的基础保障。     

运动生物力学在艺术体操运动中的应用与展望

根据艺术体操运动专项运动生物力学研究的现状、运动生物力学学科发展趋势以及艺术体操运动发展的实际需求,对运动生物力学在艺术体探运动中的应用的研究领域和研究方法的发展趋势进行展望。运用多种运动生物力学的理论力学和实验研究相结合的方法,对艺术体操运动中的多个领域进行分析和研究,是运动生物力学在艺术体操运动项目中的研究发展趋势,以期为运动生物力学如何更好地结合艺术体操专项特点为艺术体操运动实战服务提供借鉴。     

运动生物力学在网球运动中的应用分析

本研究根据网球运动专项力学特点,结合运动生物力学研究的现状？发展趋势？以及网球运动发展的实际需求,对运动生物力学在网球运动中应用和发展趋势进行分析。希望运动生物力学与网球运动的特点紧密结合,更好地为网球运动发展实践服务。     

关于运动协调能力若干问题的思考

运动协调能力是练习者形成运动技能必不可少的基础条件。分析了运动协调能力的定义、运动协调能力在形成运动技能中所起的作用、影响运动协调能力的因素、运动协调能力发展的一般规律、改进运动协调能力的任务与方法等问题。     

运动协调层次及属性研究

由于运动协调内在机制相对复杂,其本质属性一直存在较大争议。以认知发展的观点将运动协调分为本能运动协调、感知运动协调和操作运动协调三个层次,竞技运动协调归属于专业操作运动协调,并论证了运动协调具有技能的属性。     

补服乳清蛋白对人体有氧耐力的影响

目的:观察运动前补服不同量的乳清蛋白对人体有氧耐力成绩的影响.方法:在单盲设计中,12名健康的体育系男生作为受试者,每次于运动前半小时补服不同补剂(79、14g乳清蛋白,安慰剂),然后进行12min跑的耐力运动,记录每名受试者的成绩.本实验按照补剂的不同分为三组,在三周内完成.结果:补服79、149乳清蛋白与补服安慰剂相比,机体有氧耐力水平出现显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:在运动前补服乳清蛋白饮料可能会提高人体的有氧耐力.     

补糖对不同时间运动后小鼠酮体代谢的影响

将昆明种4~6周龄雄性小白鼠随机分为补糖和补水对照组。每组均设安静组、定量运动组和力竭运动组。补糖采用浓度为5%葡萄糖与7%低聚糖的混合溶液。定量运动组做一次性静水负重游泳运动,持续时间为1h。力竭组与定量组运动形式相同,运动时间至力竭。分别测定血液、肝脏、骨骼肌和脑中的酮体(Ketone Body,KB),肝、骨骼肌糖原以及血糖、脑糖、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)等指标。结果显示:与补糖组相比,1h游泳运动后补水组血清FFA有升高趋势,但无显著性差异,补水组小鼠血酮体浓度显著升高(P<0.05);力竭运动后补水组骨骼肌、肝脏中酮体含量显著高于补糖组(P<0.05)。提示:小鼠机体糖状况直接影响运动中的酮体代谢,运动性酮体代谢与体内糖储备以及脂肪分解状况有关。     

运动中补充肌酸的作用机制

通过查阅近几年的文献，综述了运动中补充肌酸的作用机制。认为，肌酸作为一种能量补剂广泛应用于体育运动中；运动中补充肌酸作用的潜在机制与能量代谢等因素密切相关；肌酸可以提高运动员的肌肉力量和短时间全力运动的输出功率；补充肌酸也可能刺激氧化磷酸化，促进运动后肌糖原的积累，为补充肌酸提高耐力运动水平的理论依据；补充肌酸还可能具有直接抗氧化特性，从而延迟运动性疲劳的发生，提高机体运动能力。     

补充中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠淋巴细胞免疫功能低下的预防作用

目的:探讨2种中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠淋巴细胞数量和免疫功能低下的预防作用,为改善耐力训练引起的细胞免疫功能低下寻找有效的干预措施。方法:120只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,耐力训练 黄芪多糖组、耐力训练 牛膝多糖组、单纯耐力训练组、安静 黄芪多糖组、安静 牛膝多糖组、安静对照组,每个组中均分为4周组(7只大鼠)和6周组(13只大鼠)。大鼠进行6周递增负荷游泳训练后,观察大鼠运动能力、淋巴细胞数量和功能的改变。结果(:1)6周耐力训练后可造成大鼠外周血淋巴细胞数量、T细胞数量下降,T淋巴细胞增殖转化能力降低(;2)6周耐力训练同时补充黄芪多糖和牛膝多糖有防止大鼠外周血淋巴细胞数量、T细胞数量下降,以及T淋巴细胞增殖转化能力降低的作用;(3)长时间耐力训练同时补充牛膝多糖可延长大鼠游泳至力竭时间。结论:2种中药多糖有预防耐力训练大鼠淋巴细胞免疫明显下降的作用。     

Antioxidant and Vitamin D supplements for athletes: sense or nonsense?

The idea that dietary supplements can improve athletic performance is popular among athletes. The use of antioxidant supplements is widespread among endurance athletes because of evidence that free radicals contribute to muscle fatigue during prolonged exercise. Furthermore, interest in vitamin D supplementation is increasing in response to studies indicating that vitamin D deficiency exists in athletic populations. This review explores the rationale for supplementation with both antioxidants and vitamin D and discusses the evidence to support and deny the benefits of these dietary supplements. The issue of whether athletes should use antioxidant supplements remains highly controversial. Nonetheless, at present there is limited scientific evidence to recommend antioxidant supplements to athletes or other physically active individuals. Therefore, athletes should consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist when considering antioxidant supplementation. The issue of whether athletes should supplement with vitamin D is also controversial. While arguments for and against vitamin D supplementation exist, additional research is required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is beneficial to athletes. Nevertheless, based upon the growing evidence that many athletic populations are vitamin D deficient or insufficient, it is recommended that athletes monitor their serum vitamin D concentration and consult with their health care professional and/or nutritionist to determine if they would derive health benefits from vitamin D supplementation.     

The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading

We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3 +/- 16.5 s before vs 43.7 +/- 16.3 s after supplementation; P ? 0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer term creatine supplementation or placebo,neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7 +/-13.5 s before vs 38.7 +/- 14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7 +/- 18.0 s before vs 48.7 +/- 18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group.     

The effect of longer-term creatine supplementation on elite swimming performance after an acute creatine loading

We investigated the effect of an acute creatine loading (25 g per day for 4 days) and longer-term creatine supplementation (5 g of creatine or 5 g of placebo per day for 2 months) on the performance of 22 elite swimmers during maximal interval sessions. After the acute creatine loading, the mean of the average interval swim times for all swimmers (n = 22) improved (44.3+/-16.5 s before vs. 43.7+/-16.3 s after supplementation; P<0.01). Three of the 22 swimmers did not respond positively to supplementation. After 2 months of longer-term creatine supplementation or placebo, neither group showed a significant change in swimming performance (38.7+/-13.5 s before vs. 38.7+/-14.1 s after for the creatine group; 48.7+/-18.0 s before vs. 48.7+/-18.1 s after for the placebo group). We conclude that, in elite swimmers, 4 days of acute creatine loading improves swimming performance significantly when assessed by maximal interval sessions. However, longer-term supplementation for 2 months (5 g of creatine per day) did not benefit significantly the creatine group compared with the placebo group.     

外源性补充丙酮酸对体成分和能量代谢的影响

综述了丙酮酸对体成分和能量代谢的影响以及国内外在这些方面的研究进展情况。指出丙酮酸对于不同项目的运动员体成分和能量代谢的影响有待进一步研究。     

补充肌酸对无氧运动能力的影响研究

本文主要通过实验的方法,探讨肌酸的补充对受试者无氧运动能力的影响,以国际通行的标准无氧运动能力测试的方法,求出其最高无氧动力、无氧能力、平均无氧动力和疲劳指数,以了解肌酸的补充对无氧运动能力的影响。     

Beyond muscle: the effects of creatine supplementation on brain creatine,cognitive processing,and traumatic brain injury

Abstract

The ergogenic and therapeutic effects of increasing muscle creatine by supplementation are well-recognized. It appears that similar benefits to brain function and cognitive processing may also be achieved with creatine supplementation, however research in this area is more limited, and important knowledge gaps remain. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about the influence of creatine supplementation on brain function in healthy individuals. It appears that brain creatine is responsive to supplementation, however higher, or more prolonged dosing strategies than those typically used to increase muscle creatine, may be required to elicit an increase in brain creatine. The optimal dosing strategy to induce this response, is currently unknown, and there is an urgent need for studies investigating this. When considering the influence of supplementation strategies on cognitive processes, it appears that creatine is most likely to exert an influence in situations whereby cognitive processes are stressed, e.g. during sleep deprivation, experimental hypoxia, or during the performance of more complex, and thus more cognitively demanding tasks. Evidence exists indicating that increased brain creatine may be effective at reducing the severity of, or enhancing recovery from mild traumatic brain injury, however, only limited data in humans are available to verify this hypothesis, thus representing an exciting area for further research.