VO2max速度的不同间歇训练对运动员有氧能力和3000m跑成绩的影响

最大耗氧量速度(vO2max)作为中长跑训练的一个强度指标可以有效地用来制定中长跑间歇训练和持续训练的训练计划和评定日常的训练效果.研究目的:通过4周vO2max强度的间歇训练和持续跑训练的实效性研究,首先是验证高强度的间歇训练对于提高受试者的有氧耐力方面是否优于持续跑训练;其次来评价高强度的间歇训练跑30/15组与15/15组在4周训练后对提高运动员有氧耐力和3 000 m跑成绩的效果优劣.研究方法:男性田径运动员18名,随机分成3组:1)40 min70%vO2max持续跑训练组(A组);2)间歇跑15/15训练组(B组);3)间歇跑30/15训练组(C组).训练前、后测试指标:vO2max、O2max、3 000 m成绩测定.研究结果:1)O2max:间歇跑组(B组和C组)训练前、后均有显著性升高(P<0.05;P<0.01);A组训练前后无统计学意义的变化.2)vO2max:间歇跑组训练前后均有非常显著性的的提高(P<0.01),而A组训练前后无显著性差异.4)3 000 m跑成绩:C组训练前后有非常显著性的升高(P<0.01),A组和B组均有显著性升高(P<0.05).结论:用vO2max作为强度指标进行中长跑训练,在受试者有氧能力的改善和3 000 m跑成绩的提高上,间歇训练优于持续跑训练,尤其是30/15组间歇跑训练最为显著.     

O_2max速度的不同间歇训练对运动员有氧能力和3000m跑成绩的影响

最大耗氧量速度(vV.O2max)作为中长跑训练的一个强度指标可以有效地用来制定中长跑间歇训练和持续训练的训练计划和评定日常的训练效果。研究目的:通过4周vV.O2max强度的间歇训练和持续跑训练的实效性研究,首先是验证高强度的间歇训练对于提高受试者的有氧耐力方面是否优于持续跑训练;其次来评价高强度的间歇训练跑30/15组与15/15组在4周训练后对提高运动员有氧耐力和3000m跑成绩的效果优劣。研究方法:男性田径运动员18名,随机分成3组:1)40min70%v.VO2max持续跑训练组(A组);2)间歇跑15/15训练组(B组);3)间歇跑30/15训练组(C组)。训练前、后测试指标:vV.O2max、V.O2max、3000m成绩测定。研究结果:1).VO2max:间歇跑组(B组和C组)训练前、后均有显著性升高(P<0.05;P<0.01);A组训练前后无统计学意义的变化。2)vV.O2max:间歇跑组训练前后均有非常显著性的的提高(P<0.01),而A组训练前后无显著性差异。4)3000m跑成绩:C组训练前后有非常显著性的升高(P<0.01),A组和B组均有显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:用vV.O...     

男子400m运动员间歇训练的实验研究

通过严格实施 30 0m× 4m(次间间歇递减 )× 3组 (组间间歇递增 )的间歇跑和分析运行员实验前后运动成绩、心率恢复指数、血乳酸的变化 ,结果表明 :次间间歇递减和组间间歇递增更能深度刺激机体抗乳酸能力 ,对 40 0m运动员速度耐力有较大影响。旨在为提高我国男子 40 0m训练水平提供参考。     

应用BLa对女子800米亚运会冠军王春雨速度耐力训练间歇时间的研究

目的：200m间歇跑是女子800m项目主要的速度耐力训练手段之一,探索女子800m亚运会冠军王春雨200m间歇训练的最佳训练间歇时间,对提高速度耐力训练的效能至关重要。方法：把王春雨在国内大型比赛后血乳酸峰值的40-50%设定为间歇训练适宜恢复范围（约8-9mmol/L）,应用血乳酸（BLA）对其200m间歇跑训练的间歇时间进行跟踪监测和分析。结果：（1）200m全力跑BLA恢复到8-9mmol/L需要5-15min;(2)95%强度要求的2组200m间歇跑后BLA恢复到8-9mmol/L需要10-15min;(3)85%强度要求的4-6组200m间歇跑后BLA恢复到8-9mmol/L需要3-5min;(4)赛前训练期800m测试赛后BLA恢复到8-9mmol/L需要15min以上;（5）王春雨参加女子800m各类重大比赛后BLA恢复到8-9mmol/L需要20min以上。结论：（1）不同强度要求的200m间歇跑可以提高王春雨800m速度耐力水平;（2）王春雨速度耐力训练的耐乳酸最低恢复点为8-9mmol/L比较适宜;（3）不同组数、不同强度要求的200m间歇跑训练要因人而异;（4）应...     

对高校女生400m跑训练的探讨

1　根据 40 0ｍ跑的特点进行训练4 0 0ｍ跑是一项刺激性和对抗性很强的短距离项目 ,是一项融速度、速度耐力、力量耐力紧密结合的运动项目 ,对运动员的生理、心理、身体素质、技战术都有较高的要求。1 1　“速度是灵魂”的观点不可动摇现今 4 0 0ｍ跑运动成绩不断进步和提高证明 ,运动员速度素质的优劣 ,将直接影响和制约其 4 0 0ｍ跑成绩的提高。速度差是运动员达到高水平 ,提高成绩的第一障碍。这就要求我们在训练指导思想上、在训练手段安排上 ,应将速度摆在重要和突出的位置上 ,将速度的训练贯穿整个训练工作始终。既要抓突出的速度 ,又要抓高质量的平均速度 ,两者不可偏废。如果赛前才考虑到速度训练 ,那么已为时过晚。1 2　高度重视专项技术节奏训练良好的速度素质为创造高水平运动成绩提供了可能的条件 ,而合理的体力分配 ,恰到好处地利用速度储备 ,才是出成绩的关键。有资料表明 ,4 0 0ｍ前程分段时间过快或过慢都会对 4 0 0ｍ成绩产生负面影响。所以教练员在安排专项训练时 ,应高度重视运动员技术节奏训练 ,使之在训练和比赛中都能按既定的技术节奏跑动 ,而不应受对手或其它外界环境的干扰而破坏自身节奏。但运动员...     

男子400m运动员间歇训练的实验研究

通过严格实施 30 0m× 4次 (次间间歇递减 )× 3组 (组间间歇递增 )的间歇跑训练 ,分析了运动员实验前后运动成绩、心率恢复指数、血乳酸的变化 ,结果表明 :次间间歇递减和组间间歇递增能深度刺激机体抗乳酸能力 ,对 4 0 0m运动员速度耐力有较大影响。旨在为提高我国男子 4 0 0m训练水平提供参考。     

跑

G822.02 20021780跑走交替的理论与教学、训练(刊,中,I)/吕蔚,李国∥体育师友.-2001(6).-17-18(TY)跑∥耐力训练∥教学法∥跑走交替G822.119 20021781试析放松技术与100m成绩的联系(刊,中,I)/曹肇为∥体育函授通讯.-2001(4).-56,60参2(SML)短跑∥100米∥放松∥成绩运动员协调性和放松能力的强弱决定着100m跑成绩的优劣。本文结合短跑实际,运用运动理论知识,从放松技术与100m跑的内在联系入手,阐明了放松技术在100m跑中的重要性。     

400m跑的能力对提高400m栏成绩的影响

阐述了 4 0 0m跨栏跑的技术特点 ,就 4 0 0m栏和 4 0 0m跑的相关因素进行了分析。认为要提高 4 0 0m跨栏跑的成绩必须将 4 0 0m跑的训练与 4 0 0m跨栏跑的技术特点相结合。     

优秀青少年短道速滑运动员夏训期间运动负荷的研究

短道速滑是一项以速度和速度耐力为主的运动项目,其能量代谢的特点是无氧供能,尤其是以乳酸能系统供能为主的运动项目.通过对黑龙江省体工队青少年优秀短道速滑运动员的HB、CK、BUN进行监测,发现80%～90%强度,2min30s完成200m快屈走 20复步滑跳 300m跑×4圈,HR180左右,间歇6min为中等强度训练;80%～90%强度,2min20s完成300m快屈走 20复步滑跳 300m跑×8圈,HR为190左右,间歇4min为大强度训练.     

800m跑运动员的训练监控

800m跑是典型的无氧耐力运动项目,属于次最大强度的运动,运动中肌糖原无氧酵解供能的比例极高。优秀800m跑运动员既要有良好的无氧耐力做基础,又要具备很高的速度水平。随着800m跑运动员训练水平和运动成绩的不断提高,其训练特征也逐渐发生变化,无氧耐力和速度训练受到高度重视,速度耐力训练已成为800m跑专项训练的重要组成部分。1800m跑的项目特征无氧代谢能力的生理学基础主要是肌纤维类型。毫无疑问,优秀800m跑运动员的快肌纤维应占很高的比例。由于运动过程中乳酸     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.