网络用户的搜索人口与跳转行为研究

本文介绍了"网络用户搜索中语言使用行为的实验研究"的第三部分工作,包括用户网络搜索的入口.提示词的利用和评价,用户对首屏检索结果的评价,翻屏行为及它们之间的相互关系.研究结果显示:网页仍是网络用户搜索的主要入口,知识性、交互性和专题性强的专门搜索受到相当一部分用户的青睐;首屏结果评价包括一般性评价、查全率评价、查准率评价和主观感受评价四种,在此基础上提出了这四者相互影响的结构模型;提示词的利用受到首屏或既有搜索结果的影响;广告成为影响用户评价查准率的主要因素;首屏结果的质量还影响到用户的翻屏行为.     

网络用户搜索的语言使用行为研究——实验设计与搜索价值

本文介绍了"网络用户搜索中语言使用行为的实验研究"的第一部分工作,包括研究的实验设计、被试征集和对搜索价值的定量研究结果.通过在北大未名BBS公开版面征集,最终有30位被试参与实验.实验过程分为前问卷、搜索过程和后问卷3个阶段.每位被试进行了两轮测试,第二轮有补充指导语,向被试介绍句法方面的搜索技巧.对搜索价值的定量研究结果显示:网络搜索能够在搜索内容理解、需求表达和结果评估方面改善用户的知识状态;搜索时间对搜索体验有较强影响,时间越长,用户满足感越低.     

中美网络用户信息搜寻行为比较研究:基于跨文化视角

文章通过比较中美两国有代表性的网络用户信息搜寻行为研究,结合相关数据,分析中美网络用户信息搜寻行为特征的共性与差异,并从文化的角度分析其原因。研究发现,网络用户的信息检索关键词数量、检索结果条目的查看数量及逻辑运算符的使用都偏少;由于价值观、文化背景等因素,两国用户的网络搜索内容有较大差别;两国网络用户使用手机上网的行为方式也存在差异。     

知识表示与检索语言的关系

本文探讨了检索语言与自然语言、人工智能及心理学研究中的知识表示的内在联系。从知识表示的角度,分析了检索语言中的语义关系与句法内容,并讨论了检索语言现有的知识表示水平对于检索效率的具体影响。     

一种基于领域的语义搜索引擎模型SSEM

Internet已成为全球最丰富的数据源,数据类型繁杂且动态变化,如何从中快速准确地检索出用户所需要的信息是一个亟待解决的问题.传统的搜索引擎基于语法的方式进行搜索,缺乏语义信息,难以准确地表达用户的查询需求和被检索对象的文档语义,致使查准率和查全率较低且搜索范围有限.本文对现有的语义检索方法进行了研究,分析了其中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了一种基于领域的语义搜索引擎模型,结合语义Web技术,使用领域本体元数据模型对用户的查询进行语义化规范,依据领域本体模式抽取文档中的知识并RDF化,准确地表达了用户的查询语义和作为被查询对象的文档语义,可以大大提高检索的准确性和检索效率,详细地给出了模型的体系结构、基本功能和工作原理.     

查询式搜索与探索式搜索行为比较研究——以健康信息为例

[目的/意义]查询式搜索适用于目标明确的提问应答式信息问题，探索式搜索更注重搜索过程的人机交互性、动态性与多面性，两者表现出不同的行为特征。作为搜索行为研究的基本问题之一，相关研究还比较缺乏。论文旨在探究查询式搜索与探索式搜索行为特征的差异，这对于信息搜索系统的功能优化以及指导用户高效获取信息都具有重要的实践意义。[方法/过程]论文以健康信息搜索为例，采用搜索行为实验的方法，通过对录屏数据的分析，从检索策略、学习行为、深度搜索和搜索绩效4个维度对两种搜索行为进行比较。[结果/结论]查询式搜索与探索式搜索在关键词变换数、访问网页数目等6个指标上存在显著性差异，在检索工具选择、查询串长度、搜索结果集的翻页和相关链接搜索4个指标上不存在显著性差异。     

人工干预对CJFD库检索结果影响

<正>随着专利审查智能检索系统的上线和使用,其语义检索的功能相较于传统S系统检索为审查员的检索与浏览提供了较大的便利,下面通过实际案例简单介绍一下使用智能检索系统人工干预对CJFD数据库语义检索结果的影响。语义检索及其人工干预方式简介语义检索的人工干预方式包括调整语义基准、调整语义分词、布尔检索+语义排序。     

基于本体的语义查询扩展应用研究

传统的基于关键词匹配的信息检索方式已无法满足智慧城市建设进程中海量数据处理的要求,而基于本体的语义查询扩展智能化搜索技术借助于本体的语义信息与扩展推理使查询条件更符合用户意图,能够提高查全率和查准率,优化检索结果。在本体语义查询扩展技术的研究基础上,使用主流的本体编辑工具Protégé创建了一个"计算机"领域的本体,并根据现实需要进行规则修改,最终将其应用于智慧城市远程教育资源的个性化搜索中,能取得较理想的效果。     

信息觅食视角的学术信息探索式搜索行为特征研究

【目的/意义】网络的发展使学术信息的获取行为发生了改变,学术信息搜索是典型的探索式搜索,运用信息 觅食理论分析学术信息探索式搜索行为已成为搜索行为特征研究的新角度。【方法/过程】从信息觅食视角构建了 学术数据库搜索行为模型,通过设计特定主题的学术搜索任务开展实验,录屏记录用户的信息斑块选择、菜单选 择、信息线索识别等行为数据,通过统计分析揭示学术信息探索式搜索行为的特征。【结果/结论】中文学术数据库 是学术信息搜索的首选信息斑块,相关文献变少导致数据库斑块切换。主题、篇名和关键词是常见的搜索途径,三 者之间的转移也最常见。用户根据标题、摘要和全文判断搜索结果的相关性。序化信息、视觉信息和文献引用是 能够有效识别的信息线索。搜索结果受多方面因素的影响。     

融合文献多元特征的学术搜索策略优化研究

[目的/意义]在学术资源搜索领域中,用户存在使用语义宽泛的查询式进行搜索的行为,该行为导致搜索结果的冗余性,降低了用户的搜索效率。通过搜索结果多样化的方法,可以优化搜索结果排序,提高用户的搜索效率。[方法/过程]结合江苏省科学技术情报研究所的文献搜索平台日志数据,探讨了学术文献特有的分类组织方法在学术搜索中的作用,并在传统搜索结果多样化方法的基础上,提出了一种融合文献多元特征的学术搜索排序优化方法。[结果/结论]实验结果显示,学术文献特有的分类组织方法能在一定程度上提高用户搜索效果,而融合文献多元特征的排序优化方法,能有效提高用户的搜索效率。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.