An audit of technological innovation capabilities in chinese firms: some empirical findings in Beijing, China

Recent studies have advocated different technological innovation capabilities (TICs) and discussed their impact on a firm’s competitive performance. This paper introduces a study framework of innovation audit and examines the relevance of seven TICs to building and sustaining the competitiveness of Chinese firms. Empirical data was acquired through a recent study of 213 Chinese firms in Beijing, China. Regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between TICs and innovation rate, sales growth, and product competitiveness among these firms. The findings verify that R&D and resources allocation capabilities are the two most important TICs. A strong R&D capability could safeguard innovation rate and product competitiveness in large and medium-sized firms, whereas a resources allocation capability would enhance the sales growth in small firms. However, the impact of learning and organising capabilities on a firm’s innovation performance has yet to be investigated.The findings of this paper suggest that Chinese firms should consider a more balanced focus on their TICs’ harmonising enhancement. In order to maintain their sustainable development, effectively plan and implement their innovation strategies as well as enhance their whole innovation capability, Chinese firms should closely relate their TICs to the formulation of technology strategy and harmonisation of innovation and R&D activities.     

制度环境与技术能力对家族企业治理转型的影响研究

代际传承与治理转型是困扰我国家族企业的重大现实难题,也是学术研究的热点。以控制权配置理论为基础,构建博弈模型揭示了法律制度、经理人市场和企业技术能力等因素及其交互作用对家族企业治理模式选择和动态演进的影响机理,并利用中国家族控股上市公司数据进行实证检验。研究发现,宏观层面的法律制度、经理人市场及微观层面的技术能力均对家族企业治理转型进程产生重要影响。具体来讲,家族企业所在地区的投资者保护越完善,经理人市场越发达,创始人家族越倾向将控制权让渡给职业经理人;反之,则更倾向选择子女接班。此外,企业技术生产率越高,家族企业治理转型对制度环境的依赖性越弱,越容易实现由家族治理向职业经理人治理转型。     

Entry and competitive dynamics in the mobile telecommunications market

We propose an extension of the Gans-Stern [Gans, J.S., Stern, S., 2003. The product market and the market for “ideas”: commercialization strategies for technology entrepreneurs. Research Policy 32 (2), 333-350] framework that includes entry by existing firms. An incumbent firm possessing complementary assets and strong appropriability is in a formidable position [Teece, D.J., 1986. Profiting from technological innovation: implications for integration, collaboration, licensing, and public policy. Research Policy 15 (6), 285-305]. However, a de alio entrant can leverage complementary assets to enter along a new technological trajectory, and then develop appropriability. We illustrate how several mobile telecommunications firms (Ericsson, Nokia and Samsung) pursued this strategy to catch up with the market leader (Motorola). We also identify several shortcomings in Motorola's approach: it was too inward-looking in developing technologies, but ironically not inward-looking enough in exploiting its most valuable patents.     

Corporate governance and innovation: The UK compared with the US and ‘insider’ economies

How well does the UK corporate governance and financial system (CG&FS) support and encourage innovation? Each CG&FS faces four challenges which vary by sector: novelty, reconfiguration, visibility and spill-overs. High novelty in technologies and markets requires high industry-wide expertise; need for radical reconfiguration requires strong pressure for shareholder value. Low visibility of innovation processes requires shareholder engagement; high spill-overs to and from stakeholders require substantial stakeholder inclusion. The UK CG&FS is rated in these terms against the US and ‘insider’ economies, drawing on recent fieldwork, and the ratings are shown to account well for the relative R&D intensity and specialisation of UK-owned firms.     

从创新厌恶到创新包容——银行债权治理的创新效应研究

动态变化的竞争格局为银行债权人从对企业技术创新厌恶到创新包容提供了充分的演化动力。本文在分析银行债权治理对企业技术创新能力影响的基础上,探索了制度效应和资源效应在二者关系中的中介作用,进而辨析了银行债权治理的创新效应的产生机理。实证研究表明:银行债权治理对企业技术创新能力具有显著促进作用,银行债权人已由创新厌恶向创新包容演化;银行债权治理能够通过降低代理成本,优化企业原始制度安排的方式提升企业技术创新能力,即制度效应在二者关系中具有显著中介作用;银行债权治理并不能通过提升创新资源投入的方式促进企业创新,即资源效应的中介作用不显著。因此,"债权治理——制度效应——技术创新"的作用路径对创新包容效应更具理论解释力。研究结论能够从技术创新的角度对融资优序理论和银行代理监督理论进行回应和补充,并为企业创新和银行债权治理实践提供科学依据。     

The effects of owner identity and external governance systems on R&D investments: A study of Western European firms

This paper builds on agency and institutional theory to extend the analysis of the effects of ownership and control on R&D investments by considering the influence of different types of ownership and of institutional corporate governance systems. Our empirical analysis is based on a unique dataset of 1000 firms publicly-traded in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden and the UK). Controlling for industry- and firm-level effects, our findings show that higher shareholding by families is negatively associated with R&D investment. Moreover, widely-held firms invest less in R&D in the United Kingdom than in Continental European countries, thus suggesting the existence of a greater pressure towards the reduction of R&D in market-based governance systems. The results are robust against possible sample selection biases due to firms’ discretional R&D disclosure.     

Differences between learning processes in small tigers and large dragons: Learning processes of two color TV (CTV) firms within China

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the firm-level learning processes by indigenous firms in China, identify the differences between learning processes in small tigers and large dragons, such as China. This paper first sketches the history of the China’s color TV (CTV) industry in which learning processes take place to put the companies case studies into context. Then, this paper examines closely the actual experience of two major Chinese firms in their practice of technological learning. Finally, this paper finds that the most significant difference between learning processes in Chinese firms and these four other tigers’ firms is that, firms from four other tigers usually rely almost exclusively on export markets, but Chinese firms are mostly local market-focused.A novel contribution of this paper is its analysis of the issue: the two Chinese firms have followed not an export-growth path, but an local market-focused path, which proved to be much less successful in countries, such as India, Latin America, Africa and former Soviet Union. The success of this process in China hinges on the five critical factors: (1) a number of multinational firms are increasing their presence in China; (2) there is vibrant competition among domestic firms; (3) the huge domestic market is a key incentive for local firms to invest in technological learning; (4) Chinese central government takes a phased approach to liberalization of the domestic market; (5) there have a number of risk taking entrepreneurs with strategic version, who make investment decisions on learning. These factors should not be easily available to other developing countries. In this regard, China’s experience has limited application to other developing countries.     

我国国有商业银行的治理问题及对策研究

分析了我国四大国有商业银行的现状和问题，认为其核心和根本问题是治理结构上的问题，并对国内外有关公司治理（包括银行治理结构）的研究进行了综述；在阐述公司治理结构理论的基础上，分析了我国国有商业银行存在的深层次治理结构问题，提出了改善我国商业银行治理问题、提高其绩效的对策和建议。     

非营利组织治理及其治理结构研究:一个对比的视角

非营利组织作为一种重要的社会组织类型,其低效率运行一直为学界所责难。本文通过比较非营利组织和营利性组织在行业环境、组织内部、公共关系三个方面的差异,从非营利组织法人属性类别的角度对非营利组织法人进行划分,对比公司治理结构,构建了非营利组织的典型治理结构,分析公司治理结构和非营利组织治理结构之间的区别。认为不一致的剩余索取权和剩余控制权以及多监督主体是非营利组织治理效率低下的根本原因。     

The effect of technological knowledge assets on performance: The innovative choice in Spanish firms

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between Technological Knowledge Assets (TKAs) and performance, in the light of making the ‘innovative choice’ that involves short-term costs of acquiring or generating the assets but aims at longer term benefits through innovation. To that end, a study of 1267 industrial firms in Spain was carried out over a period of 5 years, 1998-2002. The results show that TKAs have a positive indirect effect on financial performance mediated through innovation. They also reveal that TKAs have a negative direct effect on performance, except licences. Thus, the combined effect of TKAs on performance urges the need for innovation to obtain a positive payoff.     

数字经济领域上市公司技术标准化能力对绩效的影响研究

以数字经济领域上市公司为研究对象,利用截至2018年12月31日相关标准与绩效数据,构建企业技术标准化能力四维评价指标,实证分析技术标准化能力对绩效的影响关系.研究结果显示,技术标准资源投入能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;牵头制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著负向影响;参与制定国标能力对企业绩效具有显著正向影响;行业标准制...     

Inter-generational transitions in socio-technical systems: The case of mobile communications

Many technology studies have conceptualized transitions between technological generations as a series of S-curve performance improvements over time. Surprisingly, the interregnum between successive generations has received little attention. To understand what happens in the interregnum, we study the transition from 2G to 3G in mobile communications. Our study identifies the presence of forces for both change and continuity across heterogeneous social and technical elements shaping an uneven transition between 2G and 3G mobile communications technology platforms. Unanticipated misalignments and asynchronies that emerged during the journey shifted the incentives of the various actors involved to participate. Based on these observations, we offer several conjectures as to the dynamics that can give rise to temporal discords during inter-generational technological transitions.     

创新网络守门人区域比较研究:以电信领域为例

在区域间合作创新中，守门人扮演着知识吸收和传递的重要角色。结合多维邻近性理论，本研究采用社会网络分析法构建创新网络中守门人的识别框架和贡献度模型。在此基础上通过采集1985-2017年我国电信领域的合作专利数据，对九大城市群之间的创新网络进行守门人识别和贡献度测量，并分析守门人角色构成、内外部联系特征及贡献度大小之间的关联。研究结果显示：1）不同城市群在守门人数量、内外部联系强度方面均表现出显著差别；2）产学研不同角色的守门人贡献度差异显著，多数城市群的高校守门人对其所在城市群具有更大的贡献；3）尽管区域本身在地理位置和产业结构等方面的特殊性会影响守门人的贡献度，但通过对几大类城市群的数据分析表明--双向活跃型或外向活跃型的守门人，对区域间合作创新发挥着更为显著的效用。     

High-tech industries and competitive advantage in emerging markets: A study of foreign telecommunications equipment firms in china

This paper deals with the issue of competitive advantage among high-tech industries in emerging markets. It is argued that, for high-tech multi-national companies (MNCs) competing in emerging markets, technology leadership generates some very important competitive advantage that past research has not studied sufficiently. Data from 408 foreign-funded firms competing in China's telecommunications equipment industry provides convincing evidence supporting this argument. The results of this study highlight the need for high-tech firms to maintain technology leadership in international markets, including emerging markets. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings.     

华人企业的家长式领导对创新行为的作用路径研究

如何提高员工在工作场所的创新行为,是知识经济时代中国企业管理者面临的一个重要问题,以往研究很少关注华人企业组织中的家长式领导风格对创新行为的影响机制。本文基于对中国企业员工的实地调查,研究结论发现家长式威权领导对创新行为具有负向影响,而家长式仁慈领导对创新行为具有正向影响。此外,家长式领导还会通过创新自我效能感间接影响创新行为,中国传统性在家长式领导与创新行为之间具有调节作用。     

技术型与专业型服务业创新网络治理机制研究

服务创新网络区别于制造业的特质为创新网络治理提出了重大的挑战。本研究通过对技术型服务企业浙江HD技术股份有限公司和专业型服务企业MS传媒股份有限公司两个案例的对比分析,识别了基于制度的关系治理和基于情感的关系治理两种不同的创新网络治理机制,并发现基于制度的关系治理有助于服务创新网络高效组织非线性的多边协同活动,响应了其网络节点间非线性多边合作的特点,有效提升服务创新;基于情感的关系治理有助于服务创新网络促进高嵌入性知识流动,响应了其网络节点之间知识边界高度模糊、关系中流动的知识资产高度嵌入的特性,从而促进服务创新。这一知识型服务业创新网络治理机制对服务创新影响机理的分析框架,深化了网络治理理论在服务业情境中的拓展,并对知识密集型服务业企业有着重要启示。     

Firm technological responses to regulatory changes: A longitudinal study in the Le Mans Prototype racing

Despite the critical role of regulations on competition and innovation, little is known about firm responses and related effects on performance under regulatory contingencies that are permissive or restrictive. By longitudinally investigating hybrid cars competing in the Le Mans Prototype racing (LMP1), we counter-intuitively suggest that permissive regulations increase technological uncertainty and thus decrease the firms’ likelihood of shifting their technological trajectory, while restrictive regulations lead to the opposite outcome. Further, we suggest that permissive regulations favour firms that innovate their products by sequentially upgrading core and peripheral subsystems, while restrictive regulations (in the long term) favour firms upgrading them simultaneously. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

区域生态经济治理优化决策效率评价研究

本文采用文献研究和因子分析法建立评价指标体系,选取我国生态治理中具有代表性的区域--陕西省,运用DEA-Malmqusit方法测算了2004至2014年间生态经济治理优化决策效率。采用output-SBM模型对2014年我国31个省份的生态经济治理优化决策效率进行测算。结果表明,陕西省的生态经济治理优化决策效率呈下降趋势;中、西部省份生态经济治理优化决策效率整体不及东部省份的效率值;东部省份在森林蓄积量和保护区面积占辖区面积比重两个产出指标存在产出不足现象,中、西部省份在人均水资源量和工业废水排放量两个产出指标存在产出不足现象。     

Continuance intention in gamified mobile applications: A study of behavioral inhibition and activation systems

This study seeks to investigate the effects of Behavioral Activation System (BAS), known as approach motivation, and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), known as avoidance motivation, that are expected to influence individuals’ post-adoption behaviors in gamified mobile applications. A survey-based research methodology was used, and the impacts of BAS and BIS on Information Systems Continuance are examined. The results show that reward responsiveness has the most significant effect on user satisfaction and continuance intention. Fun-seeking plays an essential role in continuance intention; however, it does not significantly affect satisfaction, as drive does not affect either satisfaction or continuance intention. BIS has a significant and negative effect on individual satisfaction, but no effects were found related to continuance intention. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the differences between these motivations related to Information Systems Continuance. Significant practical implications that gamified mobile application developers can adopt are proposed.     

Modes of governance of new service development for mobile networks: A life cycle perspective

This paper focuses on governance modes for service development of mobile telephone networks (GSM, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), GPRS, UMTS). ‘Services’ refer to services containing information. The paper shows that the phase of the life cycle of the network and the service affects the choice of governance mode of new service development projects. Governance modes include internal development by the telecom operator, several forms of collaboration between telecom operator and service firm, and only providing a network by the telecom operator to the service firm, which then develops and provides its services (external). In this paper a model is developed for the governance mode of service development in different phases of the life cycles of the mobile network and service, based on the degrees of uncertainty and urgency involved in the network and service development processes. Four cases are presented of service development projects for mobile telecom networks. These cases indicate that the number of redesigns and the level of communication costs in collaboration projects indeed depend on the degree of urgency and uncertainty involved in these projects, which are in turn affected by the life cycle of the network and service.