基于学科核心能力的学科组织创新

本文在分析学科及学科核心能力内涵的基础上,以提升学科核心能力为根本目的,分析学科组织创新的主要内容和途径,以期促进学科建设与发展。     

论大学学科建设的评估

大学学科建设是高等学校建设的核心,学科水平决定一所大学的水平.而学科建设评估体系与机制则是高校学科建设的指导依据与管理手段,直接影响到高校学科建设整体水平的发展.开展学科评估工作,运用学科的量化评估指标体系,逐一对学科建设现状和水平进行的全面检查和评定,是加强高校学科建设的重要举措.     

加强学科建设以促进创新型研究生培养

学科建设是高校的核心工作,学科建设关系到研究生教育的规模和质量,只有高素质的学科队伍,高水平的学术成果,才能培养出高质量、高层次的人才。研究生创新能力的培养必须从学校的学科建设抓起,以学科创新为方向,大力加强学科建设,通过学科的发展带动教学和科研水平的提高,促进创新型人才的培养。     

认识学科组织发展阶段把握科研管理重心

学科组织是学科诸要素的核心，其发展一般经历一个“个体一群体一系统”的发展阶段，科研管理的重心应该根据学科组织发展的不同阶段，做出相应的调整，才能使科研工作最大限度地促进学科的发展。     

谈普通高等财经院校的重点学科建设

学科建设是高等学校的一项核心工作 ,是高等学校生存和发展的一个重要课题。重点学科建设是学校发展的保证 ,是增强高等学校人才培养能力、科学研究能力、提高竞争力的基础和保障。以学科建设为龙头　努力造就有特色和优势的学科群山东经济学院现有会计和信息经济两个省级重点学科。几年来学院对“九五”学科建设规划任务认真地组织实施。提出了 :“抓住机遇、改革发展、奋力拼搏、振兴山经”的口号 ,以学科建设为龙头 ,优先发展重点学科 ,努力培养新的生长点 ,以省级重点学科带动院级重点学科 ,以重点带动一般 ,从而造就了学校有特色、有优…     

高等学校学科建设指导思想的实践探索

学科建设是高等学校发展的基础、核心和龙头,学科建设指导思想是一所高校学科发展的的总纲领、总指引,有着统领的作用,具有非常重要的地位。系统介绍了高校学科建设指导思想的内涵,学科建设指导思想的制定应结合学校类型、办学层次、学科结构、学科特色等因素。并结合实际,从学校层面对学科建设指导思想进行了许多有益的探索,通过对我国几所不同类型的高校学科建设指导思想进行分析研究,总结共性,找出个性,以期对其他高校制定学科建设指导思想起到启示和借鉴作用。     

学科知识图谱及其构建机理

目前有关学科知识图谱构建存在目标不明确、视角不明晰、方法较单一、流程不规范等问题,难以有效支持学科建设发展,因此,研究学科建设和学科知识图谱的内涵、价值和类型,提出学科知识图谱构建目标、原则、思路及机理。学科知识图谱按学科建设内涵可分为学科流派图谱、学科交流图谱和学科脉络图谱,在遵循数据时效性、可靠度、标准性和简洁性,知识单元支持度和简洁度,以及流程普适性、步骤规范性、类型多样性、图谱易懂性等原则的基础上,综合运用引文分析、多元统计分析、社会网络分析等方法,从空间维度识别学科核心知识单元及其交流、从时间维度确定学科同类单元结构关系及其演化等,从而辅助精准识别学科建设内涵及结构,科学定位学科发展阶段及特征,立体呈现学科主体间合作关系,动态揭示学科知识演化、研究方向以及前沿趋势,最终辅助学科内涵建设、学科建设决策。     

以学科建设为龙头,提高办学层次和水平

学科是高等学校事业发展的基础,是学校发展的核心。学科建设水平的高低不仅代表着高校办学水平、培养质量,更决定着高校的办学特色和优势。高等学校只有按照"以高水平的学科为支撑,以学科建设为主线"的发展思路,把学科建设作为各项工作的龙头,把加强学科建设,提升教学、科研水平,提高办学层次和水平做为高等学校发展的主要任务,才能从根本上提高高校的办学水平和教学质量。     

高校学科建设内涵三要素分析

学科建设是高等学校建设的核心,也是一项涉及面很广的系统工程.提出并分析了高等学校学科建设的内涵即汇聚学术队伍、凝练学科方向、构筑学科平台三个要素的内容和特点及其在学科建设工作中的重要作用,提出了加强学科内涵建设是提高学科建设质量和水平的重要保证.     

关于学科质量自我保障体系的目标管理研究

学科建设管理工作高校学科建设管理机构是一个实施学科管理、促进学科建设的职能机构。该机构与学科点之间通过院系一级行政组织实施对学科的宏观管理。学科管理工作的主要内容制定学科发展计划。即预测未来,设立目标,决定政策,选择方案,以期能经济地使用现有资源（人力、物力）,有效地把握未来的发展,获得最大组织效益;上通下达。即向上及时通报信息,向下传达领导指示和意图,达到纵向沟通;实施管理审计控制。即根据学科发展目标制定标准,系统评估学科、人才,并通过横向比较选拔人才,评优选优;建立激励机制,促进学科建设。针…     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence