A three-year-old girl with IQ of 140

英国埃塞克斯郡的一个名叫普莱德格（Saffron Pledger）的三岁女童，她的智商高达140，比美国前总统克林顿还聪明!年纪小小的她，已经会给七个月大的妹妹讲故事，目前已经成为英国天才组织“门萨”（Mensa）的第二个年轻的会员。     

A three-year-old girl with IQ of 140

As a three-year-old,Saffron Pledger should only just be learning to count,running for the first time or simply scribbling with crayons as her young mind develops.But she is no normal child,this prodigy already r____1 bedtime stories to her seven-month-old sister and is set to become one of the youngest m ____2 of Mensa.     

坚强女孩

2002年春天,黄凤的父亲黄志仁从楼梯上摔下,颈椎伤了两节,经过抢救脱离了生命危险,但颈部以下全部瘫痪。继续治疗需要30万元的医疗费。他无力承担,只好回到了安徽蚌埠农村的老家,那年黄凤才5岁。在黄凤6岁那年的冬天,她的妈妈看到丈夫这     

A paradox of age in early childhood education: A review of the literature and survey of Australian educators working with three-year-old children

Educational Research for Policy and Practice - A paradox concerning age exists in early childhood education (ECE) across many countries today, evident in the literature, curriculum, policy,...     

Rendezvous with IQ: Metacognition in real-life situations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between metacognition as measured in real-life situations and IQ scores as reflected by performance on the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Scale. It is also intended in this study to report on whether or not there were significant differences in performance on the metacognitive instrument (i.e. metacognitive test, reaction time, and metacognitive test scores divided by mean reaction time) among participants with typical development, deaf and hard-of-hearing (dhh), and low-achieving individuals with and without the influence of IQ. Analysis showed significant correlations between IQ, metacognitive test, and metacognitive test scores divided by mean reaction time but not with reaction time itself. Results revealed the influence of IQ on metacognition being greater than the influence of metacognition on IQ. Results showed when controlling for the effect of IQ, differences among the three groups of participants on the metacognitive instrument become non-significant. Implications and suggestions are presented.     

走到哪都要带着爸

2011年10月26日,梁平县红旗中学,一名叫王亮的高一女生,一如既往地坐在教室里和其他同学一起上课。这是一名普通的高中女生,这又是一名很不普通的高中女生。每天,16岁的她心里要牵挂着两头:一头是学习,另一头是瘫痪在床已12年的父亲。     

Aging IQ Intervention with Older Korean Americans: A Comparison of Internet-Based and In-Class Education

Using the translated contents of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)'s Aging IQ, an educational intervention was delivered to older Korean Americans. The educational program was delivered via two different modalities, Internet-based education (n = 12) and in-class education (n = 11), and the overall feasibility and efficacy were evaluated by the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. A high level of completion and overall satisfaction with the program was observed in both groups. Both groups also exhibited a significant improvement in their knowledge about aging after the completion of the educational program. However, at the one-month follow-up, the Internet-based group showed a greater retention of the knowledge gained. The findings not only support the value of education on aging for older ethnic minorities but also suggest the use of the Internet as an integral modality of intervention delivery.     

Dimensional salience and judgments of bigness by three-year-old children.

3-year-olds were shown triads of rectangles and asked to select the "big" one, where the biggest rectangle in each triad was neither the tallest nor the widest. Dimensional salience and response choice were highly related. In addition, as saliency of a particular dimension increased relative to the other dimension, significantly more responses were based on that dimension. The results support the notion that the young child does not rely on 1 specific dimension to make judgments of bigness but, rather, attends to the most salient differences among stimuli.     

A reading level match study of nonword reading skills in poor readers with varying IQ.

This study evaluated the hypothesis that poor readers are characterized by poor nonword reading skills, but that a specific deficit, as opposed to a developmental lag, in nonword reading will be found only in subjects whose reading is discrepant from intellectual ability. To test this hypothesis, we measured nonword reading skills in 93 (64 male, 29 female) third-grade poor readers and 54 (37 male, 17 female) fifth-grade poor readers (with and without reading/IQ discrepancies) who were matched to 147 (81 male, 66 female) nondisabled first graders on word identification skills. Results showed third- and fifth-grade poor readers to be significantly more impaired than word-identification level match first graders on all measures on nonword reading. These findings were not related to the verbal IQ level within the poor reader groups and, thus, provide strong evidence for a deficit in nonword reading skills that is not explained by verbal intelligence.     

关于IQ测验的预测力

公众对IQ测验的预测力不满,心理学工作者也在不断修正智力概念、提出新的评估方法,以期扩大其预测力。但目前看来,传统IQ测验并不能被取代。智力只能是人类心理的一个方面,对IQ测验的预测力也应划定一个范围。IQ测验只能评估智力,只能用来预测学业成绩,而且在此方面尚无其他因素可以超过IQ的预测力。     

A typology of the three-year-old twin sibling relationship drawn from two different environments: School and home

The main purpose of this study was to describe the relational structure of child twins on the basis of their mothers' representations of their behavior in two everyday settings, at school and in the home. This study looks in particular at dependence on the co-twin and the dominant/dominated relationship in these two life environments. Fifty-seven questionnaires were gathered from mothers of twins three months after the children had begun preschool. A multiple correspondence analysis and an automatic classification of the data pointed out several relational structures of the twin sibling relationship, in contrast to the often stereotyped single representation of twinship. A secondary aim was to associate the observed relational structures with (a) the type of twinship and the sex makeup of the twin pair (b) the mothers' child-raising behaviors, which may or may not tend to turn the twins outward (first short separation of the children before preschool). Contrary to predictions, no particular relational structures could be differentiated on the basis of the type of twinship (monozygotic vs. same-sex dizygotic twins). On the other hand, pairs composed of a boy and a girl exhibited a number of specific characteristics. Parents who were in favor of short separations did not have children who were more co-twin independent in the school environment. However these twins showed a dominant/dominated relationship in the home.     

A mediational model of the association between socioeconomic status and three-year-old language abilities: the role of parenting factors

The mechanisms through which socioeconomic status (SES) influences three-year-old expressive and receptive language abilities were examined in a sample of 1016 families from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that maternal sensitivity and cognitive stimulation were significant partial mediators of the relation between SES and verbal comprehension, expressive language, and receptive verbal conceptual abilities. Path analyses revealed that a unified model including both parenting factors and distal SES factors demonstrated solid fit indices. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.     

Prediction of weight for height following intervention in three-year-old children with early histories of nonorganic failure to thrive

The present study assessed the weight for height outcomes of 59 3-year-old children who had been hospitalized for nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFT) as infants (average age of 5 months) and received time-limited outreach intervention. Although the majority of children attained normal weight for height, nearly one-third demonstrated at least mild wasting. Type of outreach intervention did not affect weight for height at outcome. The predictive efficacy of a variable set which included characteristics of NOFT (age of onset and duration), velocity of weight gain subsequent to diagnosis and environmental characteristics (income and home stimulation) was tested. Shorter duration of NOFT prior to diagnosis and greater initial rate of weight gain following hospitalization predicted weight for height at 36 months. The findings underscore the need for close monitoring of physical growth and nutritional status of NOFT children following hospitalization as well as comprehensive assessment and treatment for children who continue to demonstrate nutritional deficits. Additional studies of factors which affect the prognosis of NOFT children are needed.