教师教育校本培训与同事互助观课浅论

观课分为三种类型:作为研究方法的观课、作为考评的观课和同事互助观课,其中“同事互助观课”可以作为校本培训的一种机制。同事互助观课有助于培养教师实际解决课程教学问题的能力,提高教学水平,改进教学行为;有利于鼓励教师审视提升自己的经验,整合教育教学中那些“不确定性”的知识,有效解决从理论到实践的转移问题。为提高观课质量和效果,要在观课的态度、目的、内容和观后的讨论技巧等方面进行培训,注意消除教师的观课心理压力,适当引进专业指导。     

论校本教研与教师专业发展的关系

教师专业发展是教师不断成长、不断接受新知识、提高专业能力的过程。校本教研与教师专业发展的关系是相辅相成、密不可分的,两者是在教师的教学实践中共同发展、共同提高的。校本教研促进教师专业素质的成长,促使教师由经验型教师成长为专家型教师,促成教师的缄默知识显性化;而教师专业发展对校本教研的反哺作用体现为教师的教育教学研究意识与能力的提升和校本教研实施可能性的增强。     

专业学习共同体与教师合作文化

作为高校教师专业学习共同体三种主要形式的教研组、学科组及课题组,是集教学、科研及日常管理于一体的教师基层组织,是教师专业发展的现实载体,具有自愿性、同一性及发展性的特征,呈现出完善知识建构、实现知识共享、提升教师效能感、改善心智模式、建立共同愿景及生成学习动态环境等诸多价值功能.教师共同体合作文化是教师在教育教学活动中形成与发展起来的职业群体的思维方式、价值取向与行为方式的综合反映.建立完善开放的校本研究制度、建构人文化的发展性评价体系、实施师徒教师教育模式、营造开放的学校环境氛围及确立"共识"的核心价值,对于构建和培育教师专业学习共同体合作文化,促进教师专业发展具有十分重要的意义.     

Conceptualizing teachers' understanding of students' mathematical learning by using assessment tasks*

The study was designed to support teachers on conceptualizing their understanding of students' learning by the use of assessment tasks. A school-based assessment team consisting of the researcher and four third-grade teachers teaching in the same school was set up as a learning context of supporting teachers in developing assessment tasks integral to instruction. The assessment tasks along with students' responses to the task, classroom observations, interviews, routine weekly meetings, teachers' weekly reflective journals, and students' responses to the assessment tasks were the data collected in the study. The teachers' views of using assessment tasks and the generation of assessment tasks were developed in the course of the study. In the process of generating assessment tasks, teachers improved their awareness of students' various solutions and learning difficulties to a specific problem, their awareness of the importance of developing students' critical thinking, and their awareness of where students need to make a remedial instruction. The research reported in the paper was supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan under Grant NSC 90-2521-S134-003-. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the view of funding agency.     

校本教师培训的合理性追究

校本培训的核心理念应为:秉持终身教育思想和教师专业化理念,把学校视为教师发展的家园,以教育教学实践中的问题为中心,强调在教、学、研一体化中教师的主动参与和探究,通过解决实际问题促进教师自身素养的提高和专业发展,彰显教师的个体生命价值。校本培训的显著特征在于:突出培训内容的针对性、方法的灵活性和目标的实践性,强调培训重心的基层化、对象的全员化和时间的全程化。现代知识向后现代知识的转型为校本培训提供了理论上的辩护与支撑。文化反哺则对传统“师教生学”的师生观予以解构,学生成为校本培训中教师的重要学习资源。应该理性考量校本培训的价值和作用,避免其被夸大或被贬损两种不良倾向     

校本培训探究

教师的专业发展是教师在专业知识、技能、态度等方面不断提高的过程和活动,其目的是有效地促进学生的发展。校本培训是促进教师专业发展的有效途径。从校本培训的目标和内容、形式、结果和评价及条件进行了探讨。     

Beginning literacy: links among teacher knowledge, teacher practice, and student learning

Although the importance of phonological awareness has been discussed widely in the research literature, the concept is not well understood by many classroom teachers. In the study described here, we worked with groups of kindergarten and first-grade teachers (the experimental group) during a 2-week summer institute and throughout the school year. We shared with them research about learning disabilities and effective instruction, stressing the importance of explicit instruction in phonological and orthographic awareness. We followed the experimental group and a control group into their classrooms for a year, assessing teachers' classroom practices and their students' (n = 779) learning. The study yielded three major findings: We can deepen teachers' own knowledge of the role of phonological and orthographic information in literacy instruction; teachers can use that knowledge to change classroom practice; and changes in teacher knowledge and classroom practice can improve student learning.     

Enhancing the Practicum Experience for Pre-service Chemistry Teachers Through Collaborative CoRe Design with Mentor Teachers

This paper reports findings from an ongoing study exploring how the Content Representation (CoRe) design can be used as a tool to help chemistry student teachers begin acquiring the professional knowledge required to become expert chemistry teachers. Phase 2 of the study, reported in this paper, investigated how collaboration with school-based mentors (associate teachers) on teaching practice (practicum) might impact on this process and student teachers’ development of their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The collaboration involved identifying and discussing pedagogical issues related to a practicum-teaching topic using a student teacher’s draft CoRe as a starting point and ongoing focus for the professional dialogue. Practicum offered an opportunity for aspects of student teachers’ PCK, as embodied in their draft CoRes, to be explored and expanded upon in classroom programmes with the support and input of associate teachers. The findings were influenced by different contextual factors; however, the student teachers found their CoRes to be very useful frameworks for engaging in focussed professional dialogue with their teaching mentors. They valued the expertise, currency of knowledge and mentoring of their associates and reported positively about the contribution this support made to their PCK development via the CoRe design process and the transformation of the CoRe into classroom teaching.     

教师变量对小学生数学学习成绩影响的多水平分析

32名小学数学教师与这些教师所教班级的1691名学生参与了本研究。两个测量工具评价了教师的数学学科知识与学科教学知识,对教师的55节数学课进行了录像,并按照学习任务的认知水平与课堂对话的特点进行了编码,同时测查了学生的期末数学学习成绩。多水平分析结果表明:教师的学科教学知识、课堂学习任务的认知水平、课堂对话中教师提问问题的类型与对话的权威来源对学生的数学成绩具有显著的预测作用;而教师的学科知识对学生数学成绩的影响未达到显著性水平。     

谈职教校本课程开发中的教师素质

作为校本课程开发的主体,职校教师应具备科学的课程理念,利用自身深厚的专业知识与技能和高尚的职业道德品质与人文素质,积极推动课程的校本化.同时,教育教学机构和学校也要加强对教师进行校本课程开发的支持与帮助,以全面提高职教师资的整体素质.     

论教师参与校本课程开发的专业支撑

校本课程开发是一项专业性很强的活动,非常依赖于教师的专业素养。教师参与校本课程开发必须具备一定的专业支撑,其中充分的知识准备、相应的课程技能、必要的专业品格是至关重要的。其中充分的知识准备是基础和前提,课程技能是其必要的操作方式,而专业品格则构成教师参与校本课程开发的专业支撑的动力系统,它们相互联系,交互作用,统一于教师参与校本课程开发的各项活动中。     

Using Peer Coaching to Enhance Preschool Teachers' Development and Refinement of Classroom Activities

This study examined teachers' development and refinement of classroom activities. An ABA design was used to compare three experimental conditions. Four teachers planned and conducted their activities independently during an initial phase, as well as evaluated the impact of their efforts with a structured checklist. Conversely, these tasks were completed with a partner during a coaching phase, as teachers observed one another's classroom activities and collaborated in the process of appraising their activities and planning new teaching episodes. Finally, these exercises were again conducted independently during a final maintenance phase. A wide range of outcomes were examined, including each teacher's procedural changes or refinements, corresponding measures of children's participation, teachers' appraisals of their activities and satisfaction with the peer coaching procedure. Four primary results are reported. First, all four teachers made procedural refinements in this study, and three individuals' changes occurred during the peer coaching phase. Second, all teachers' activity alterations corresponded with changes in children's participation. Third, the four teachers varied in their activity appraisals as well as the number and quality of suggestions generated for procedural change. Finally, all four teachers reported that collaboration provided important benefits, but also expressed concerns with one or more aspects of the coaching process. These results are discussed with regard to their implications for facilitating teachers' roles in developing and sustaining effective classroom changes.     

合作与对话:校本培训的生态学视域

校本培训是以促进教师专业的、学术的、人格的发展为目的的生态进化过程.将生态学的规律应用于校本培训研究,通过构建以校为本的教师专业发展生态环境,营造教师专业发展的合作文化,提高教师的专业对话能力,有效实现学校发展的目标.     

论教师心理素养教育

教师心理教育是学校心理教育的重要课题。教师的教育行为对学生的心理健康有着重要影响,学校必须重视教师心理素养的教育。教师心理素养教育的内容包括情感素养教育、心理卫生教育、健康课堂管理教育。校本教师培训是教师心理素养提高的基本途径。     

论校本培训的过程管理

认为校本培训是教师专业成长的重要途径之一,必须强化校本培训的过程管理。才能保障校本培训的质量。阐述了在校本培训中,采取以观念“导”、以需求“促”、以听评课“引”、以科研“带”、以实践“评”、以制度“束”等手段,才能实现过程管理,提升校本培训的质量。     

校本科研中的研讨课：组织与实施

研讨课是校本科研的重要载体,在校本科研实施过程中发挥着深化校本科研理念、构建校本科研策略、形成过程性研究成果等作用。合理地组织与实施校本科研中的研讨课,需要根据课题的研究内容规划研讨主题,根据研讨主题设计相应的教学评价;也需要执教教师在设计教学之前进行独立钻研,对研讨主题形成个性化理解,并把这种理解转化为教学实践。此外,还需要注意把握研讨课的评价标准、保证研讨课特有的品质、使研讨课与校本学习相结合。     

校本研修要重视运用课堂观察工具

课堂观察工具能够明确观察对象与课堂记录点,促进反思理性化,增强教师对学科属性及所教课程的理解力,提高教师群体的互助效果,彰显教学目标在教学评价中的地位,培养反思型教师。校本研修中要重视运用课堂观察工具。     

不同层级教师专业发展道路的个案研究

新课程改革以来,教师发展研究从理论论述迅速发展到实践层面,受到广大教师群体的重视。教师专业发展的不同层级的个案研究显示,校本教研是教师群体专业成长的最好途径,而教师个体也可以通过适合自己的研究,达致教师专业发展的良好状态。参与教师专业发展的各种力量,对于教师发展具有不同的作用。教研员应立足于地区性的教师专业发展的促进,校长在教师专业发展中应起到引领和管理的作用,学科教研组是教师专业知识交流和成长的核心地带,教师个人通过行动研究可以达致专业发展的目的。     

“互动生成”的校本培训探索

新课程实施的关键是教师自身变革."互动生成"的校本培训旨在唤起教师的生命意识,通过教师职业期待与专业诉求的互动生成;理论与实践的互动生成;知、情、意的互动生成,促进教师发展,最终实现新课程引导下的学校文化变革。     

教师校本学习的理念与实践

中小学教师培训首先显示为教师学习,而且是校本学习。校本培训转为教师校本学习的过程,是教师自我教育自我提升的过程,也是学校文化建设的过程。学校引导教师展开学习的活动,教师将从“读书”中获得“自我超越”的热情,学校教育改革将由原来的自上而下转向自下而上,既有针对教育问题的教师学习又有引起行动的反思的校本教研。