在单元层面设计指向大概念的表现性评价——以人教版教材三年级上册“长方形和正方形”的单元评价为例

以核心素养为导向的小学数学单元整体教学设计,需要用表现性评价来评估学生理解单元核心知识的水平层次,以弥补传统纸笔测验的不足。以人教版教材三年级上册“长方形和正方形”的单元评价为例,教师通过“确定单元评价的目标、构建单元评价的表现性任务、研制单元评价的评分规则”三个步骤,解读如何在单元层面设计指向大概念的表现性评价。     

探析新课程理念下对学生的表现性评价

所谓表现性评价。就是让学生通过完成实际任务来表现知识和技能，从而对其成就所进行的评价。它是基于表现性测验基础上建立起来的对学生成效进行评价的一种方法。表现性测验是一种测量方式，属于建构一反应测验，学生在这种评价任务中要生成原创的反应。表现性评价不仅要评价学生知识、技能的掌握情况。更重要的是要通过对学生表现的观察分析，评价学生在创新能力、实践能力、与人合作的能力以及健康的情感、积极的态度、科学的价值观等方面的发展情况。这是它超越于传统学业成绩测验的优势。     

中学生物学科中的表现性评价及其实例

表现性评价以评价学生在任务情景中所表现出来的能力为核心,强调任务的真实性和情景性。实施表现性评价的重点在于制定一套科学、严谨的评分规则。生物学科中的观察、实验、调查、角色扮演、设计、制作和课外实践等活动类型适合进行表现性评价。表现性评价是一种新型的过程性评价和质性评价,对教师的教学效果和学生的学业水平有着综合的评价和重要的反馈作用。     

中学生科学探究的表现性评价

中学生科学探究的表现性评价是依据他们在科学探究过程中的行为表现来进行的。为提高评价的效度、信度和可行性,利用表现性评价来评定学生的科学探究能力应遵循一些基本的规范:要确定评价目的;要设计合适的表现性任务;要制定可操作性的评定细则;要客观记录学生在探究中的表现;要利用评价和交流促进学生的发展。科学学业评价要加强对科学探究活动评定的实践研究;要注重过程性与终结性、书面测验与真实性评定相结合;要注意对科学探究能力评定的公正性。     

表现性评价在化学教学中的实施

表现性评价是让学生通过实际任务来表现学习目标掌握情况的一种评价方式,它与传统评价的区别,主要体现在任务的真实性、复杂性以及所需时间和评分主观性等方面.化学教学中的表现性评价主要分为三个步骤:确定操作目标、设计评价任务、制定评价标准和等级.通过两则具体案例,进一步分析了在化学教学中如何实施表现性评价.     

表现性评价在高职院校公共英语教学中的应用

表现性评价是一种与传统评价方法相对的新型评价方式,它有很多优点,强调的是学生实际解决问题的能力及答案的多样性等。表现性评价最初只是一个与传统的以多项选择测验为代表的标准化测验相对立的术语。文章就高职院校公共英语的教学如何更好应用表现性评价提出了一些具体可行的方法。     

探析新课程理念下对学生的表现性评价

一、表现性评价的涵义及其心理学意义 1 .表现性评价的涵义 所谓表现性评价,就是让学生通过完成实际任务来表现知识和技能,从而对其成就所进行的评价.它是基于表现性测验基础上建立起来的对学生成效进行评价的一种方法.表现性测验是一种测量方式,属于建构-反应测验,学生在这种评价任务中要生成原创的反应.表现性评价不仅要评价学生知识、技能的掌握情况,更重要的是要通过对学生表现的观察分析,评价学生在创新能力、实践能力、与人合作的能力以及健康的情感、积极的态度、科学的价值观等方面的发展情况.这是它超越于传统学业成绩测验的优势.     

核心素养视域下初中语文表现性评价探究

学生的高阶思维、复杂认知能力以及在具体情境中解决问题的能力是核心素养的重要组成部分,而传统纸笔测试无法准确检测学生思维、能力等的养成情况。表现性评价可以弥补传统纸笔测试的弊端,适合于评价与核心素养有关的表现性技能及任务。但如何设计与实施表现性评价是当前初中语文教学中面临的突出问题。文章结合初中语文学科特点,从目标、任务、评分规则三大核心要素入手,总结了表现性评价设计的具体流程,即确定表现性目标、设计表现性任务、开发评分规则。以期对教师在初中语文课堂中更好地落实表现性评价提供一些借鉴。     

测验题目的编制方法与技巧

编制测验试题称为命题。命题在教育测量与评价活动中具有十分重要的作用。它是决定测验成败的关键,是正确评价学生学业成就的基础。一、试题的类型随着教育测评理论及实践活动的深入发展,试题类型也在不断翻新,就目前看,题型已不下数十种。若按应答方式及判分性质分,主要有主观性试题和客观性试题两大类。主观性试题是指应试者在解答问题时,根据题目要求可以自由组织答案,评分者需借助主观判断评分的一类试题。客观性试题则因评分客观而得名,这种试题一般由主试通过试题把答案形式提供给被试,格式固定,给分标准易于掌握,评分可以完全克服主观因素影响。两类试题又各自包括多种不同形式的题目如图1所示。     

小学科学教学中的表现性评价

表现性评价是要求学生在一定的真实情境中完成一项任务,根据事先确定的评价标准对学生的表现或者作品进行评定,以确定学生学业成就的一种评价方法。它能面向全体学生,获得关于学生的更多信息,全面考查学生的科学素养,能够激发学生的创造性,对学生更具有吸引力,评价结论更具说服力。在信度、经济性和类推性等方面,表现性评价具有一定的局限。客观地认识并合理使用表现性评价,对小学科学教学将能发挥促进的作用。学     

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导的课堂评价

美国《国家科学教育标准》倡导在课堂教学中实施形成性评价,形成性评价的一般模式,师生均需明确的问题:学生想达到什么目标?学生现在所处的是什么位置?如何能够达到目标?评价要遵循平等原则、有效性原则和可靠性原则。评价的重点要转向最被重视的内容、"活性"知识、科学理解力和推理能力、学生的进步和成绩及学习机会、学生自我评价以及教师参与外部评价。课堂评价还需要着力避免走进误区。     

Preservice Teachers' Development and Implementation of Science Performance Assessment Tasks

Preservice teachers in a science methods course were provided instruction on performance assessment, then guided through a design and implementation process of performance assessment tasks. We assessed the effect of designing and implementing a performance assessment task on preservice teachers' understanding of standards-based assessment. The findings show that these preservice teachers improved in their understanding of assessment as a formative process as well as their science content understanding of the topic addressed in their designed task. We found that preservice teachers need to experiment with performance assessment tasks in an authentic context in order to understand the full potential and value of the task.     

基于建构性教学活动的理科学习评定

对学生个体的评价是任课教师最关注的评价 ,用以判断学生及其学习的进展。建构主义者认为 ,学习评定应基于动态的、持续的、不断呈现学习者进步的学习过程以及教师所采用的教学策略和所创设的学习环境     

小学科学课堂教学评价的研究

小学科学课堂教学评价体系是有效改进科学教学,促进科学课程有效实施的保证。通过分析影响小学科学课堂教学有效性的因素,结合对小学科学课堂教学评价现状的调查,提出了构建小学科学课堂教学评价体系的原则:一是有利于学生科学素养的发展;二是有利于教师教学水平的提高;三是有利于科学课程的发展。最后,给出了制定小学科学课堂教学评价体系的几点建议。     

Development and exemplification of a model for Teacher Assessment in Primary Science

ABSTRACT

The Teacher Assessment in Primary Science project is funded by the Primary Science Teaching Trust and based at Bath Spa University. The study aims to develop a whole-school model of valid, reliable and manageable teacher assessment to inform practice and make a positive impact on primary-aged children’s learning in science. The model is based on a data-flow ‘pyramid’ (analogous to the flow of energy through an ecosystem), whereby the rich formative assessment evidence gathered in the classroom is summarised for monitoring, reporting and evaluation purposes [Nuffield Foundation. (2012). Developing policy, principles and practice in primary school science assessment. London: Nuffield Foundation]. Using a design-based research (DBR) methodology, the authors worked in collaboration with teachers from project schools and other expert groups to refine, elaborate, validate and operationalise the data-flow ‘pyramid’ model, resulting in the development of a whole-school self-evaluation tool. In this paper, we argue that a DBR approach to theory-building and school improvement drawing upon teacher expertise has led to the identification, adaptation and successful scaling up of a promising approach to school self-evaluation in relation to assessment in science.     

建构理工大学生科学创造力测评体系的探讨

随着对创造力认识的深入,人们逐渐从一个整合的框架中去理解它。本文通过对已有的创造力测评方法加以修改和组合,尝试建构一个多维度和全面的量表测评体系来测评理工科大学生的科学创造力,并以其对中国科学技术大学部分学生进行了实证研究。     

Regaining focus in Irish Junior Cycle Science: potential new directions for curriculum and assessment on Nature of Science

The Irish national discourse on curriculum and assessment reform at the Junior Cycle level has been fraught with controversy in the past two years. The introduction of the new curriculum and assessment framework in 2012 by the then Minister of Education, Ruairi Quinn has led to significant media coverage and teacher union response. In this paper, we argue that in the midst of the reaction toward the particular assessment elements of the framework, the focus has been lost on key revisions made in the draft science curriculum and assessment specification released in September 2014. A central aspect of the draft document released for consultation includes the introduction of a ‘Nature of Science’ (NOS) theme intended to be an overarching feature of all science teaching and learning. We examine the coverage of NOS in the draft document and analyze it relative to a model of NOS developed in our recent book. Our analysis illustrates that the draft science curriculum and assessment specification for Junior Cycle incorporates contemporary research and aligns the Irish curriculum with most features of NOS, although some aspects need further development including the articulation of a nuanced model of NOS. We highlight some future directions for curriculum and assessment development for a comprehensive, coherent and holistic coverage of NOS in Junior Cycle Science in Ireland.     

Comparing Models of Nature of Science Dimensionality Based on the Next Generation Science Standards

Instruments measuring understanding of the nature of science (NOS) are required if educational institutions intend to use benchmarks or examine the effects of interventions targeting students’ NOS development. Compared to other constructs, NOS understanding is complex, having been the subject of debate among scholars in both its substance and its dimensionality. This complexity invites challenges in defining what is to be measured. Drawing from the perspective that policy reform documents provide pragmatic consensus-based definitions of NOS, this study investigated how well the dimensionality described in the NOS component of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) framework matched the empirical structure of data collected from a set of secondary-school students’ responses to an NOS instrument comprising multiple-choice and Likert-scale items. Using multidimensional item response modeling to compare structures of NOS dimensionality, we found that treating NOS as comprising multiple dimensions—as defined by the themes in the NGSS NOS framework—resulted in a better fitting model than when treating NOS as a single dimension. The multidimensional model also had fewer poorly functioning items and revealed NOS profiles that otherwise would have been masked in a model treating NOS as a single dimension. These results provide support for the NOS NGSS framework and contribute to the ongoing discussion about the dimensionality of NOS.     

关于推进军队院校理科实践教学的几点思考

理科教育对于培养军事高科技人才具有举足轻重的地位,理科实践教学作为培养学生创新能力的重要环节,是高质量理科教育体系的重要组成部分。本文在全面分析国内外著名军事院校理科实践教学现状的基础上,针对理科学科特点和当前存在的主要问题,提出了军队院校理科实践教学的基本思路,即从观念转变、课程设置、案例建设、评价体系几个方面构建立体化实践教学体系,培养高科技新型军事人才。