1+X证书中X证书的双属性与三作用——我国教育证书与劳动证书制度系统设计的视角

《国家职业教育实施方案》提出"建立1+X"证书制度,这样我国教育与劳动在证书制度中,在学历证书、学位证书、职业资格证书之外又出现了一种新的证书。文章试图从我国教育与劳动证书制度顶层设计,分析研究X证书的性质和作用,发现X证书具有教育和劳动证书的双重性质,联系教育与劳动、认定学生职业能力水平和劳动管理三重作用,并对完善我国教育与劳动证书制度提出了加快建设职业资历框架、精准定位"X证书"的性质、整体设计劳动证书制度的建议。     

中美教师资格证书制度的比较及其启示

美国的教师资格证书制度已有100多年的历史,其州的教师资格证书和国家教师资格证书的取得及国家教师资格证书的更新制度等均较为完善;中国的教师资格证书制度的历史还很短,不少地方还存在缺欠。对比中美两种教师资格证书制度,我国的教师资格证书制度在学历要求、教育教学能力测试、证书有效期及其更新等方面还应进一步完善。     

全国外语翻译证书考试认证翻译能力

教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学近日联合推出全国外语翻译证书考试,该考试的前身是北京外国语大学面向社会实施的一项英语翻译认证考试,于2001年11月在北京地区首次举行。为了使该项考试更加完善、更为规范,教育部考试中心和北京外国语大学经过协商,决定合作举办该项考试,并将该项考试更名为全国外语翻译证书考试。全国外语翻译证书考试目前只设英语一个语种,该考试包含6种证书,分为笔译和口译两大类,各含三个级别,分别是:初级笔译证书、中级笔译证书、高级笔译证书;初级口译证书、中级口译证书、高级口译证书。证书由教育部考试中心和北京…     

美国马萨诸塞州校长证书制度及其启示

20世纪50年代以后,美国的学校管理人员证书制度逐渐完备,教育管理人员的培训工作发展迅速,并逐渐制度化。马萨诸塞州校长证书制度就是由州制定证书标准(高级临时证书、标准证书),与哈佛大学校长中心合作开设相关课程。修完课程及完成实习,并符合证书标准者,即可取得校长证书。本项目是由州政府与大学校长中心合作办理,州制定证书标准,大学校长中心规划并开设课程,以专业学分取得校长证书。对美国马萨诸塞州的校长证书制度进行深入的探究与思考,对我国的中小学校长培训工作将有较大的借鉴意义。一、美国马萨诸塞州校长证书标准和哈佛大学校长…     

试论职业资格证书立法的问题及对策

当前我国职业资格证书立法宏观方面的问题主要是法律一级的职业资格证书立法过于原则,缺乏可操作性;法规一级的职业资格证书立法欠缺;规章一级的职业资格证书立法不够系统.微观方面的问题主要是证出多门,主管部门不统一;职业资格证书与职业教育的关系不够具体明确;与职业资格证书配套的就业准入立法效力层级太低;职业资格证书的国际互认规定得不充分.本文对我国职业资格证书立法的建议为:修改《职业教育法》、修改《劳动法》、制订职业资格证书条例、整理现有的关于职业资格证书的部门规章.     

美国马萨诸塞州的中小学校长证书制度及其启示

美国马萨诸塞州的中小学校长证书分为初级证书和专业证书。候选人要取得初级证书,必须完成高等教育机构或学区提供的校长证书项目;初级证书持有者有3年以上领导工作经验,并且完成学区提供的入职项目后,可以获得专业证书。借鉴其经验,我国应该加强校长人选的职前培养,制定校长专业标准,在培训中坚持理论和实践相结合。     

对我国职业资格证书制度的思考

职业资格证书制度是人力资源开发与管理中一个不可或缺的重要手段。现阶段我国职业资格证书制度建设中存在着对职业资格证书认识不到位,职业资格证书的推行难度较大,缺乏统一的与学历文凭相沟通的国家职业资格框架,职业资格证书考核工作的社会化管理机制不完善等问题。要积极推进我国职业资格证书制度建设必须采取相应的措施:提高对职业资格证书制度的认识,加强对职业标准的研究和开发,建立双向沟通式的双证制;完善职业资格证书的考核管理。     

浅谈职业学校的IT证书考试规划

国家要求在全社会实行学历文凭和职业资格证书并重的制度,“双证书”制度也在很多职业学校得以推广,但是目前社会上证书考试种类繁多、证出多门,证书考试的选择与规划直接决定了能否实现国家推行“双证书”制度的根本目的。本文从证书考试观、证书考试的选择以及证书和教学的融合三个部分对IT证书考试的规划进行了阐述。     

日本幼儿园教师资格证书制度及其对我国的启示

日本极其重视幼儿教育,确立了严格规范的幼儿园教师资格证书制度,以确保幼教师资的质量.日本幼儿园教师资格证书分为普通资格证书和临时资格证书两类.职前培养和在职进修是获取幼儿园教师资格证书的两大途径.借鉴日本幼儿园教师资格证书制度,我国幼儿园教师资格证书制度可以考虑通过提高学历要求、细化证书等级、建立幼儿园教师资格证书更新制度等举措加以完善.     

资格证书,世界教师的通行证

美国:各州自主证书分级 美国自19世纪后期起,开始实行教师证书制度。与美国教育行政管理历来实行分权制的传统相一致,美国教师认证制度的权利隶属于各州,各州的教育行政部门和学区行政当局是从事教师认证的权力机构。 美国教师资格证书层次分明,大体分为7类,即幼儿园和初级小学教师证书、小学教师证书、专科教师证书(音乐、外语、体育等)、特殊教育证书、学生指导教师证书(包括中小学指导教师、学校心理学专家、巡回教师等)、职业技术教育证书。从教师任教时限也可区分出不同教师资格证书:临时教师证书(有效期1年)、     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.