遵循元认知心理规律 提高成人学习能力

终身学习理念已成为21世纪的生存概念。学会认知、学会学习成为适应当代社会竞争,解决人类生存危机,促使成人全面发展的重要能力。元认知是认知主体对自身心理状态、能力、任务目标、认知策略等方面的认识。同时,元认知又是认知主体对自身各种认知活动的计划、监控和调节。面对纷繁复杂的信息,成人学习者只有提高了元认知能力,掌握了学习策略方法,才能优化自身的素质结构,以适应当代社会的竞争和变迁。     

基于元认知的成人学习分析与多维度学习策略

步入知识社会时代,成人继续学习的重要性愈加突出起来。成人学习有着自己的显著特点,是一个自我建构的自主学习过程。元认知能力是促进学习者自主学习、保障学习效果的重要因素。基于此分析,提出了多维度学习策略。     

简论元认知与成人学习

步入知识社会时代，成人继续学习的重要性愈加突出起来。成人学习有着自己的显著特点，是一个自我建构的自主学习过程，元认知能力是促进学习者自主学习，保障学习效果的重要因素。     

元认知对成人英语阅读教学的影响

元认知能力对成人英语阅读教学具有重要影响,在成人英语阅读教学中要丰富学生的元认知知识,强化学生的元认知体验,加强学生的元认知监控,以此来培养学生的元认知能力,从而提高成教学生的英语阅读水平。     

论元认知与自主学习能力的培养

随着学习者自主的研究在应用语言学领域的逐渐深入,各种提高学习者自主学习能力的策略培训日益成为研究者兴趣之一。目前国内外已有研究结果表明元认知在各种自我学习中都起着重要作用。文章介绍了元认知与元认知策略两个概念,阐述了自主学习的重要性,并从教师的角度探讨如何增强学习者的元认知意识以培养他们的自主学习能力。     

大学生外语学习元认知能力研究

对优秀学生和差生在外语学习中学习策略的调查分析表明,优秀学生在课堂内外都能够较好地使用元认知策略去计划、组织、管理和评价自己的外语学习。因此,在外语教学中培养学生的元认知能力尤其重要。根据对大学生认知能力问卷调查的结果,分析和研究了大学生在外语学习过程中元认知能力的现状,提出了在外语教学中进行元认知能力培养的可行性建议。     

元认知与数学元认知能力综述

元认知是对于认知的认知．数学元认知能力，就是在数学学习中，对数学认知过程的自我意识和自我监控的能力．它以元认知知识和元认知体验为基础，并在对数学认知过程的评价、控制和调节中显示出来．就其功能而言，它对数学认知过程起指导、支配、决策、监控的作用，在学生的数学学习过程中具有重要的意义．     

初中生元认知能力的培养

初中阶段是由教师指导学习向自主学习过渡的重要学段,本研究以加涅的认知策略应用能力作为初中生学习必备的能力加以研究和培养探索,试图找到提高学生自主高效学习能力养成的有效途径。研究实践表明：在初中阶段有意识和学生共同探讨学习的元认知能力有利于增强学习效能感,并促进学生形成可持续发展的自我反省的学习习惯,这将使学生早日成为独立的、自主的、高效的学习者。     

浅谈培养元认知能力的意义与途径

元认知是近二十年来西方心理学和教育学领域提出的一个新概念。其实质是个人对认知活动和结果的意识，进行自我批评、自我控制、自我调节并得到自我体验；由元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个部分组成。它在教学领域里对开发学生潜力、指导学生学会学习等方面有广阔的应用前景。因而教师应采用具体途径来培养学生的元认知能力。     

论成人英语教学中元认知策略的培养

通过对成人英语学习特点的分析,针对学习过程中不同阶段的特点,就元认知策略各要素的培养和提高提出了一些具体的方法和建议,并给出了相关的使用案例。同时,根据学生的不同学习风格和学习方面的其它因素,文章也讨论了在培养元认知策略能力时应遵循的原则和注意事项。     

Development of metacognitive skillfulness: A longitudinal study

This study shows the results of a two-year longitudinal study where the same participants were followed for two consecutive years as they enter secondary school (aged 12–14 years). The main issue was to investigate the development of both the quantity and the quality of metacognitive skills. Another issue was to establish whether the development of metacognitive skillfulness is intelligence-related or relatively intelligence-independent. Finally, the generality vs. domain-specificity of developing metacognitive skillfulness was investigated. Thirty-two secondary school students participated in this study. While thinking aloud they performed two different tasks representing two different domains: A text-studying task for history and a problem-solving task for math. Participants' intellectual ability, metacognitive skillfulness and learning performance were assessed. Results show a quantitative as well as a qualitative growth in metacognitive skillfulness. Furthermore, results of both years show that metacognitive skillfulness contributed to learning performance (partly) independent of intellectual ability. A parallel development of metacognitive and intellectual ability was found. Finally, metacognitive skills predominantly appear to be general. Domain-specific metacognitive skills, however, played a substantial, but minor role as well in both years. Instructional implications are being discussed.     

元认知策略对改善大学生认知效能的实证研究

基于元认知理论的本质和大学公共英语教学的特点,选取90名非英语专业大学生进行了元认知策略意识培养的教学实验。实验表明,元认知策略的使用与英语成绩的提高呈显著正相关,在英语教学过程中有意识地进行元认知策略培养对改善大学生的认知效能是积极有效的。     

元认知听力理解策略培训研究

元认知策略是学习者的自我意识和自我调控,是计划、监控和评价,是适用于各种学习任务的一种学习策略。本研究提出将元认知策略培训与高职高专英语听力教学听力策略培训相结合的设想。该研究表明:基于元认知策略培训的高职高专英语听力教学有助于增强学生的元认知意识,有助于提高学生的听力成绩。     

Self-confidence and metacognitive processes

This paper examines the nature of the Self-confidence factor. In particular, we study the relationship between this factor and cognitive, metacognitive, and personality measures. Participants (N = 296) were administered a battery of seven cognitive tests that assess three constructs: accuracy, speed, and confidence. Participants were also given the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI, Schraw, G., and Dennison, R.S. (1994). Assessing metacognitive awareness. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 460–475.), a personality measure of the Big Five factors and our own Memory and Reasoning Competence Inventory (MARCI). Results indicate the presence of separate Self-confidence and Metacognitive processes factors, and a moderate correlation (.41) between them. The Self-confidence factor taps not only processes linked to performance on items that have correct answers, but also sureness level in beliefs about events that may never occur. A hierarchical multiple regression showed that the Self-confidence factor was predicted by accuracy of performance, Metacognitive Awareness Questionnaire, and beliefs of competence in reasoning ability.     

Designing metacognitive activities

Designing metacognitive activities that focus on both cognitive and social development is a theoretical and practical challenge. This balanced approach to metacognition concerns itself with many aspects of student development, ranging from academic competence to knowledge about the self-as-learner. In this article, I examine two basic approaches to supporting metacognition: (a) strategy training and (b) creation of a supprotive social environment for metacognition. There are also two kinds of content that are taught using these two approaches: (a) knowledge about a specific domain and (b) knowledge about the self-as-learner. These approaches and contents have been used frequently in metacognitive interventions over the past two decades. Each offers unique contributions to metacognitive development. However, programs that address these approaches and contents simultaneously are rare. Maintaining the coordination, on one hand, between strategy training and creating social supports, and on the other hand, between knowledge about the subject domain and knowledge about the self-as-learner, is a challenge for most design efforts in metacognition. Future design issues include: (a) developing a system approach to promote coordination among these approaches and contents; and (b) finding ways to build knowledge about the self-as-learner. The preparation of this article was made possible by the National Academy of Education/Spencer postdoctoral fellowship, and Small Spencer grant. The opinions expressed in the article do not necessarily reflect those of the granting agency. The author is indebted to her colleagues, John Bransford and Dan Schwartz, for in-depth discussions about metacognitive research literature, and is grateful for the great insights offered by Allan Collins and Barbara McCombs. Thanks also to three anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments on an earlier version of this article.     

不同民族中学生英语阅读的元认知意识研究

采用英语阅读的元认知意识问卷对汉族、纳西族和彝族中学生进行测查。结果表明 :( 1 )3种民族中学生英语阅读的元认知意识水平随着年级的升高呈现出提高的趋势 ;( 2 )汉族与纳西族中学生英语阅读的元认知意识水平整体上具有一致性 ,彝族中学生英语阅读的元认知意识水平呈现出优于汉族和纳西族的趋势。基于此 ,教师在英语阅读教学中应加强对学生元认知意识的培养。     

运用合作式教学增强英语听力元认知策略意识

合作教学作为课堂教学改革的重要举措对提高课堂效率有积极意义。针对高职高专学生英语听力水平相对较差的现状,通过师生合作和生生合作来提高学生英语听力元认知学习策略水平能够收到较为理想的效果,从而进一步提高听的效率和学生自主听的能力。     

元认知知识在外语阅读教学中的作用

20世纪70年代以来，Flavell对元认知知识进行了诸多研究。他认为，元认知知识是个体已获得的世界知识的一部分，元认知知识对外语阅读教学的重要作用在于：有利于发展学习的自主性、有利于提高学习的动机、有利于增强学习的责任感、有利于发挥元认知策略的有效性、有利于鉴别学习的阅读品质。     

艺术类大学生英语学习中的元认知策略实证研究

艺术生缺乏英语学习的动机和自主性,不能掌控和解决学习过程中遇到的问题,如何提高教学质量成了困扰大学英语教师的难题。本文针对艺术类本科生英语元认知策略情况进行实证研究,分析了艺术本科生英语学习薄弱的主要原因,提出了"元认知策略培训与英语教学结合"的教学模式。