道光《城口厅志》的三种印本

《城口厅志》应只有一种版本,即刘绍文主持的道光24年刻本。所见三种印本中,四川本印刷时间更早,书版的毁损程度较轻。城口本、重庆本印刷时间约晚50年,书版的毁损程度较重,但印刷质量较好,内容更完整,并增补有少量光绪年间的材料。城口本中的补正出自近人,讹误较多。     

Influence of family structure and school variables on behavior disorders of children

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of family structure and school variables on behavior disorders of children. The sample consisted of 1,162 white elementary school children. General information was obtained from school records, and ratings on behavior disorders were obtained from teachers. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses of variance. Results indicated that grade in school, sex, social class, ordinal position in the family, and teacher were important variables in the determination of behavior disorders. Whether or not the children were living with both of their natural parents, number of children in the family, if the children were in special education classes, and whether the children were older than usual for their grade in school were less important or were unimportant. The results, especially those that were not expected, were discussed.     

原子吸收法和分光光度法检测废液中铁的比较

分别用火焰原子吸收法和1,10-菲啰啉分光光度法测定铬铁废液中铁的总量.绘制了两种方法的标准曲线,测定了空白值、加标回收率和标准样品.两种方法的空白值都比较稳定,相关性以及斜率等数值都很接近,它们的准确度都比较好,相对标准偏差分别为1.2%和2.6%.两者的平均回收率分别为108%和94%,基本符合实验要求.因此,两种方法的测定结果都在真值允许范围内,它们的标准曲线,精密度和准确性都比较好.两种方法的结果通过t检验,无显著性差异.两者都适用于低浓度的铁溶液,但分光光度法灵敏度稍高.     

Characteristics of a clinical sample of sexually abused children: how boy and girl victims differ

The article describes a clinical sample of 87 boy victims of child sexual abuse and compares them to 226 girl victims. Boys were on average 6.3 years of age at onset of the sexual abuse; girls were 5.5 years. Boys were more likely to be victimized by someone outside the family than girls, but about two-thirds of the boys were abused by someone within the family. Male victims were more often abused by someone who sexually abused other children than were female victims. The majority of perpetrators were men; however girls were more likely than boys to be abused by men, and boys by both men and women. Only a small percentage of the offenders were women acting alone, but boys were more likely to be abused by women than girls. In addition, data on the role relationship between victim and offender and how these relationships differ for boy and girl victims are presented.     

切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折100例临床观察

目的：探讨切开复位锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折的临床疗效。方法：分析2008年9月至2011年9月,行切开复位植骨锁定钢板内固定治疗跟骨骨折100例（共103足）。男性76例,女性24例,其中单侧97例,双侧3例。年龄18-64岁,平均（33.19±5.97）岁。按Sanders分型Ⅱ型28例,Ⅲ型62例,IV型10例。均采用跟骨外侧L型切口,切开复位锁定钢板内固定。结果：92例获得随访,随访时间6-30个月,平均18个月。应用Maryland评分系统进行疗效评定。优46例、良40例、中4例（1例双侧跟骨骨折）,优良率93.4%。其中1例出现骨不愈合,再次行距下关节融合术,1例出现皮肤坏死经换药后治愈,1例出现腓肠神经症状。结论：切开复位植骨锁定钢板内固定是治疗跟骨骨折的有效方法。     

Effects of psycholinguistic instruction on spelling performance

Two studies were conducted in which phonology‐based instructional strategies designed for improving spelling skills of elementary school children were compared against instruction strategies that relied only on visual exposure of words. The first study involved a total of 93 children. Of these, 46 were instructed by drawing their attention to the psycholinguistic nature of their spelling errors. The remaining 47 children in the comparison group were shown the correct version of all the words. In study II 15 children were placed in a treatment group and were taught phoneme awareness, and 15 children were placed in a comparison group and were exposed to printed words only. In both studies, posttests showed that children taught through psycholinguistic and phoneme awareness methods significantly outperformed the visual training groups. Further, these gains were retained after a period of 2 weeks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Developmental Dynamics of Emotion and Cognition Processes in Preschoolers

Dynamic relations during the preschool years across processes of control and understanding in the domains of emotion and cognition were examined. Participants were 263 children (42% non‐White) and their mothers who were seen first when the children were 3 years old and again when they were 4. Results indicated dynamic dependence among the processes studied. Specifically, change in cognitive processes of control and understanding were dependent upon initial levels of the other processes. Changes in emotion control and understanding were not predicted by earlier performance in the other processes. Findings are discussed with regard to the constructs of control and understanding and the developmental interrelations among emotion and cognitive processes.     

Ca3Co4O9基半导体热电材料新进展

本文从热电材料的性能出发,讨论了提高半导体热电性能的主要途径,介绍了Ca3Co4O9半导体热电材料的晶体结构和输运性质及近年来的研究进展情况,展望了其应用前景,并提出了改善其热电性能的途径.     

个人消费的极度化膨胀与西罗马帝国的衰亡

罗马帝国时期,君主个人权利凌架于国家之上,无道之君众多,他们不关心国家的隐定与发展,只关心吃喝玩乐。许多公民追随统治者,恣情游乐,成为畸生阶层。由此,导致了社会上以奢侈消费为特征的个人消费极度化膨胀,它的风行使得阶级冲突日益尖锐,政治日益黑暗,道德日见沦丧,从而加速了西罗马帝国的衰亡。     

几种双希夫碱类热变色物质的合成及其热色性

分别以4种醛和联苯胺为原料,在氮气的保护下,合成了4种双希夫碱类热变色物质,并用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,用显微熔点仪测定了其熔点、热变色温度．结果表明：合成的化合物结构和目标产物一致,且熔程较短,纯度较高,反应效果理想;该4种希夫碱热变色温度较高,均是性能优良的热变色物质．     

67例根尖诱导术的临床分析

目的研究氢氧化钙根尖诱导术对保存年轻恒牙的作用。方法观察67例牙进行牙根尖诱导治疗的疗效。结果成功57例，占85．07％；显效7例，占10．45％；失败3例，占4．48％。结论显示用氢氧化钙进行根尖诱导是一种有效、可靠的治疗方法。     

Affective processes and academic achievement

Achievement, empathy, depressive affectivity, aggression, and self-concept measures were obtained for 8-9- and 10-11-year-olds. Depressive affectivity and aggression were assessed by teacher ratings and self-reports. Empathy was assessed by audiovisual tapes. Measures were readministered to the younger group 2 years later. Achievement scores were highly stable. Significant test-retest correlations were also found for the affective measures. Self-reports were negligibly related to achievement. For girls, strong relations were found between empathy at age 8-9 and achievement in reading and spelling at age 10-11. Teacher ratings of depressive affectivity were inversely related to achievement for boys and girls at age 8-9, but significant at age 10-11 for girls only. Initial ratings of depressive affectivity were predictive of girls' subsequent achievement. A similar pattern was found for teacher ratings of aggression.     

Dimensional analyses of complex data

In this article, scales constructed using principal components and Rasch measurement methods are compared. The context of the comparison is scale definition under difficult circumstances—when constructs are unclear and sample sizes marginal. Three data sets of increasing complexity and decreasing stability were used. Responses for the least complex data set were dichotomous; the remaining two were polytomous. Results of Rasch and principal components analyses were identical when data were stable and the structure unidimensional. With less stability and more complexity, the defined scales were still similar for the two analytic approaches. Effects of item positions on the scales were noted and are discussed.     

不同土壤条件对蕹菜典型品种种子萌发和生长的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤条件对4个蕹菜Cd积累典型品种的种子萌发和生长特性的影响．结果显示品种和土壤对发芽率、株高和生物量的效应均极显著（P〈0．01）．各品种种子平均发芽率依次为T308〉QLB〉GDB〉QLQ,各土壤上依次为F〉A〉E〉C〉D〉B．各品种第一茬平均株高依次为T308〉QLB〉GDB〉QLQ;第二茬依次为T308〉GDB〉QLB〉QLQ．各土壤第一茬平均株高依次为D〉A〉E〉B〉C〉F,第二茬依次为A〉B〉C〉E〉D〉F．各品种平均生物量依次为GDB〉T308〉QLB〉QLQ．各土壤上平均生物量依次为A〉C〉E〉B〉D〉F．结果表明蕹菜Cd积累典型品种的发芽和生长在不同土壤上呈现一定的稳定性,相关分析表明其生长特性与土壤EC、速效P、有效Pb含量等土壤因子相关．     

合金模用硅橡胶硬化及老化性能研究

本研究以德国Wacker公司的合金模用硅橡胶为目标,在原有硅橡胶配方的基础上,采用改变不同乙烯基含量硅橡胶的比例,添加气相法白炭黑、含H硅油等方法,改善混炼硅橡胶硬化及老化性能。测试结果表明,CY-2的撕裂强度、拉伸强度以及硬度和密度与W硅橡胶接近;DSC曲线上200-250℃区间内的两个吸热峰表明两种混炼胶的成分及结构存在差别;CY-2硅橡胶硫化曲线的走势与W硅橡胶配方的曲线走势基本一致,说明CY-2硅橡胶的硫化性能与W硅橡胶非常接近,硬化性能得到明显的改善。本研究旨在改善合金模用硅橡胶的耐热和耐老化性能。     

Prematurity stereotyping: effects on mother-infant interaction

The possibility that the self-fulfilling prophecy process can adversely affect the caregiving environment of premature infants was explored in this study. A portion of this process was investigated experimentally by assessing cognitive and behavioral reactions of 27 mothers to unfamiliar full-term infants who were labeled either full-term or premature. Infants who were described as premature were touched less and given a more immature toy to play with, were rated as smaller, finer-featured, and less cute, and were liked less than infants who were labeled full-term. In turn, infants labeled premature were less active during the interaction than infants labeled full-term. College students who later observed the videotapes made of the mother-infant interactions were able to accurately guess which label was assigned to the infants. The results of this study further support the existence of a prematurity stereotype and the impact of expectations on perceptions and behavior.     

鼻息肉上皮中血管活性肠肽和P物质表达的初步研究

目的:探讨人鼻息肉组织中SP和VIP的表达及意义.方法:采用HE染色、PAS染色和免疫组化方法检测人鼻息肉组织的病理变化及SP和VIP表达.结果:鼻息肉黏膜均有不同程度的改变,实验组与对照组相比基膜明显增厚(P＜0.01);A、C组差别显著(P＜0.05).实验组黏液腺面积与对照组相比差别显著(P＜0.01).SP和VIP免疫反应阳性结构均呈棕黄色,二者在实验组与对照组分布相似.SP阳性纤维分布于血管、腺体周围,可见散在的圆形或椭圆型阳性细胞,部分黏膜下腺体上皮细胞也呈SP阳性;但实验组阳性纤维和细胞明显稀疏.VIP阳性纤维和细胞位于黏膜腺体、血管周围以及部分黏膜上皮和黏膜下腺上皮细胞胞质中,但实验组中VIP阳性纤维着色较深,密度增加.结论:SP和VIP在鼻息肉形成中具有重要的作用.     

自体红骨髓组织工程复合物治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死

目的:探讨自体红骨髓组织工程复合物治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死的临床应用疗效。方法:本组9例,男性8例,女性1例;双侧股骨头坏死2例,右单侧股骨头坏死5例,左单侧股骨头坏死2例;术前均行X线摄片、CT、MRI检查,ARCO分期:Ⅰ期4髋,Ⅱ期7髋;C型臂X线透视下行股骨头坏死区和囊性变区定位、髓芯减压,关节镜监视下,刮除坏死骨送病理;植入由自体红骨髓与含BMP的骨诱导活性材料复合成的非细胞型组织工程骨,并用空心钛钉支撑股骨头软骨下骨质。结果:术后主要观察患者跛行、疼痛、关节功能和影像学表现较术前改善率,本组9例均获得随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均18个月。术前术后采用12分法评分系统评定:优:6髋;良:4髋;可:1髋;差:0髋,优良率为90.9%。结论:自体红骨髓组织工程复合物植入结合临床应用髓芯减压、空心钛钉支撑,在减轻疼痛、改善股骨头内循环、促进骨修复、防止或延缓股骨头塌陷有极好的作用,为临床治疗成人ARCOⅠ期、Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死一种有效的新方法。     

EFFECTS OF “GAME” VERSUS “TEST” TASK DEFINITION FOR THIRD GRADE CHILDREN ON THREE SUBTESTS OF THE WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN1

Forty-six male and forty-six female third grade children were assigned to one of two experimental conditions. In one condition Ss were told that they were going to take several tests and were than administered three subtests from the nonverbal battery of the WISC. In the second condition Ss were told that they were going to play several games and were than administered the same three subtests. An analysis of variance applied to the resulting summed scores revealed one significant main effect, task definition (p < .01).     

Motivational cues as determiners of stimulus control in rats

Four rats were each trained to perform a light-intensity discrimination and a sound-intensity discrimination. For half of the subjects, light training sessions were preceded by food deprivation, and correct choices were reinforced with food. Sound training sessions, on the other hand, were preceded by water deprivation, and correct choices were reinforced with water. For the remaining subjects, light training sessions were associated with water deprivation, whereas sound sessions were associated with food deprivation. When the rats were tested in the presence of compounds of sound and light, choices tended to be controlled by light when testing was preceded by the deprivation condition associated with light discrimination task. Reliably fewer light-consistent choices were made under the other deprivation condition, though some preference for responding on the basis of light remained. Following extended training in the presence of all four combinations of light and sound stimuli, this preference was reduced somewhat. When additional testing sessions were preceded by combined food and water deprivation, the tendency to respond on the basis of either light or sound was shown to be related to both deprivation and reinforcement factors.