重庆市大学生职业心理成熟度研究

重庆市大学生的总体职业成熟度和职业成熟度各因子的表现水平均一般。其中以职业世界知识最低;大学生职业成熟度在性别上存在显著差异,男生比女生职业成熟度高;大学生职业成熟度在年级上存在显著差异,大四最高,整个发展趋势呈“V”型;大学生职业成熟度在是否兼职上存在显著差异,兼职过的学生比未兼职过的学生职业成熟度高：大学生职业成熟度在家庭收入上存在显著差异．家庭收入高的学生职业成熟度高。     

学分制条件下构筑高校学生管理工作体系探析

针对学分制和弹性学制对学生工作的影响，认为管理要遵循尊重学生、突出服务、以人为本的原则，提出必须构建灵活的学生工作运行体制、强化学生党团组织建设、建立面向学生的服务体系、重视学生管理的法制化建设，形成与时俱进、以人为本的工作体系。     

The Effects of a Teaching Perspective of Guided Internality on Intellectually Disabled Students,Locus of Control Orientation

The locus of control construct (LOC) and its implications for students’ behaviour are discussed. The effects of a teaching perspective designed to modify 110 intellectually disabled students’ LOC orientation was evaluated by analysing the data from a pre‐test, post‐test, follow‐up design study using: (1) an established LOC measure of students’ control of reinforcements for academic intellectual situations (MIARQ); (2) a new LOC measure of students’ expectancies of control of reinforcement for adaptive behaviour situations (KABLOC); and (3) a measure of students’ behaviour displayed in the classroom (BRS). The results for the students aged from 12 to 14 years indicated that the teaching perspective was effective in the longer‐term in modifying students’ LOC expectancies and overt behaviours. The results have positive implications for the education of intellectually disabled students.     

高职单招生与统招生心理健康状况的比较研究

为探讨高职单招生与统招生的心理健康状况及其异同,研究采用症状自评清单(SCL-90)、网络成瘾表和人格特征问卷(EPQ)对3708名高职学生进行了调查分析。结果显示:高职单招生的SCL-90问题检出率略高于统招生,单招生的敌对因子分数显著高于统招生(p<0.05);单招生的网络成瘾得分及问题检出率均高于统招生;在人格特征方面,单招生在内外向、神经质及精神质三个因子上的得分均高于统招生(p<0.05)。这表明高职生心理健康状况总体良好,单招生与统招生的心理健康状况存在一定差异。     

课堂学习共同体的意蕴及其建构

把课堂理解为师生学习的共同体,其本质是要在对以知识为本位的课堂教学模式进行批判的基础上,建构一种以学生为本位的新型课堂教学生活世界.课堂教学活动既是教师与学生之间的一种生活世界活动,更是一种在此基础之上的以课堂教学内容为载体的专业世界活动.要使课堂中的师生成为真正的学习共同体,可通过向学生赋权、对话协商及培育课堂文化等途径来形成群体之间的共同精神、文化价值与心理倾向,并通过不断的社会化互动来激发和维持学习共同体的生命活力.     

Cognitive Strategy Instruction for Mathematical Word Problem-solving of Students with Mathematics Disabilities in China

This study investigated the impact of cognitive strategy instruction (CSI) on mathematical word problem solving of students with mathematics disabilities. A sample of fourth-grade students in a Chinese primary school was divided into a treatment group (75 students) and a comparison group (75 students). The sample consisted of students with mathematics disabilities only, students with both mathematics and reading disabilities, as well as average- and high-achieving students. Results showed that students at all ability levels (except high-achieving students) in the treatment group outperformed significantly their counterparts in the comparison group; the intervention effect was stronger for students with mathematics disabilities only than for those with both mathematics and reading disabilities. The present study indicates that CSI is a contextually and pedagogically appropriate model that has a strong potential to improve mathematical word problem solving.     

广东省工读学校学生自我概念及影响因素研究

本研究以初一到初三的150名工读学生和240名普通中学生为对象,对工读学生的自我概念及相关因素进行了研究。结果表明：（1）工读学生的外显自我概念水平显著低于普通中学生,年级差异亦比普通中学生显著;（2）工读学生表现出比普通中学生更显著的自我概念的内隐效应;（3）工读学生表现出比普通中学生更显著的内隐、外显自我概念的分离;（4）父母教养方式、师生关系满意度、同伴关系维度对工读学生外显、内隐自我概念的预测效应不同。     

Defying expectations: Vocabulary growth trajectories of high performing language minority students

We investigated general vocabulary and academic vocabulary growth trajectories of adolescent language minority students using an individual growth modeling approach. Our analytical sample included 3161 sixth- to eighth-grade students from an urban school district in California. The language minority students in our sample were classified as initially fluent English proficient (IFEP), redesignated fluent English proficient (RFEP), or limited English proficient (LEP) students. The analytical sample was not a nationally representative sample and included a great number of Asian students and students who receive gifted and talented education. Students were assessed at four time points on a standardized measure of general vocabulary and a researcher-developed academic vocabulary test. On both vocabulary measures, IFEP students slightly outperformed English-only (EO) students on average, and EO students scored higher than RFEP and LEP students at baseline. RFEP and LEP students showed slower rate of growth than their EO peers in general vocabulary. While both EO and language minority students showed summer setback with general vocabulary knowledge on average, the magnitude of summer setback was not as great for LEP students. In academic vocabulary, all subgroups of language minority students showed more rapid rate of growth than their EO peers. Only the REP students experienced a change in the learning trajectory during the summer months. We discuss the implications of these findings for all language groups.     

摭谈思想政治课学生资源的开发

学生资源的开发是新课程改革深入推进中的一项新课题,政治教师必须遵循“取之于学生,用之于学生”的原则,善于从理论和实践两个层面,经营好学生资源,其开发策略包括：挖掘学生动力资源,激发学习兴趣;引入生活素材,激活学生的生活经验;抓住生成性的东西再创造,收获更多的精彩;坚持因材施教,用好学生的差异资源;彰显学生的闪光点,为学生潜在优势的发挥提供舞台;经营好学生的错误资源,让错误成为学生成长的跳板;利用学生环境资源熏陶,提升学科素养;调动学生的情绪资源,帮助学生“破茧成蝶”;开发学生的家庭资源,增强理论教学的感染力;同时不断拓展教师的专业知识和能力,提升教师的生命价值。     

把握隐性学生骨干特点 引导大学生自我教育

教育与自我教育相结合是高校思想政治教育的一条基本原则。隐性学生骨干是大学生自我教育的重要力量。重视隐性学生骨干,分析他们的特点,并有针对性地加强培养,能够积极发挥隐性学生骨干在大学生自我教育中的作用,增强高校思想政治教育的实效性。     

Scientific Investigations of Elementary School Children

The study provides evidence concerning elementary school children’s ability to conduct a scientific investigation. Two hundred and fifty sixth-grade students and 248 fourth-grade students were administered a test, and based on their performance, they were classified into high-ability and low-ability students. The sample of this study was randomly selected and included 80 students, 40 fourth-grade and 40 sixth-grade students of low and high abilities. Students were specifically instructed to investigate the functioning of a device, to think aloud prior and after any experiment with the device, and to keep a record of their experimental results. The results showed that students were inclined to mainly collect evidence from the experimental space and failed to control variables during their investigation. The majority of the students had difficulties with effectively organizing collected data and failed to coordinate hypotheses with evidence. The significant interaction effect that was found between grade level and ability in terms of students’ investigation ability indicates that the existing gap between high- and low-ability students becomes bigger as students become older. Undoubtedly, ongoing research efforts for identifying patterns of children’s cognitive development will be most valuable as they can have important implications for the design of teaching scenarios and inquiry-based science activities conducive to accelerating students’ cognitive growth and scientific investigation abilities.     

A multiple cross-cultural comparison of approaches to learning

This study compares learning approaches of local English-speaking students and students from Asian countries studying at an Australian metropolitan university. The sample consists of students across 13 different countries. Unlike previous studies, students from Asian countries are subdivided into two categories: students from Confucian Heritage Cultures (CHC) and students from Asia-based non-Confucian Heritage Cultures (non-CHC). The rich diversity of student background enables meaningful comparison between cultural groups. There are three key findings. Firstly, CHC and non-CHC students are more likely to adopt a deep learning approach than local English-speaking (LES) students. Secondly, CHC students show a strong tendency to simultaneously adopt surface and deep approaches to learning. This tendency also exists with non-CHC students, albeit not as strongly as in as the former group. The LES students show the least tendency to adopt this mixed approach. Thirdly, memorisation appears correlated with deep learning across all three groups. The study is exploratory in nature but, if confirmed with larger samples, points to the need for further research beyond the traditional focus on CHC students on the role that memorisation and culture play in learning.     

师范大学生成就动机对职业价值观的影响

运用职业价值观量表与成就动机量表,对西安市361名师范生和非师范生进行了问卷测验.研究发现:师范大学生与非师范大学生的职业价值观差异显著;大学生职业价值观的性别差异显著,女生在兴趣性格、福利待遇方面要求高于男生;师范生成就动机一定程度上影响职业价值观:追求成功与回避失败倾向高、低者的职业目的性要求均差异显著;师范生成就动机对目的性职业价值观具有预测力.     

浅析班主任工作

班级的管理要科学化、育人工作要高效化，这就要求班主任在班级管理工作中要以身作则、为人师表；关心学生、尊重学生；健全管理机构，营造成长环境；家校联合，共促成长；关爱后进生。     

大学生课堂“沉默症”现象的影响因素分析--基于独立学院学生和教师的调查数据

大学生课堂沉默症的主要影响因素包括课堂氛围、教师因素和学生自身因素。调查数据显示,大部分学生课堂沉默是因为教师个人魅力缺乏、教学方法陈旧,也有部分学生是因为自身性格因素。课题组认为,提高教师综合素养,端正学生学习态度,建立良好的师生关系才能有效解决大学生课堂沉默症现象。     

教师变量对学生抑郁影响的研究综述

在教学活动系统中,教师作为课堂教学的管理者和知识的传授者,其心理健康水平与学生心理健康水平密切相关：教师自我效能感对学生的行为、个性和师生关系等发展具有重要作用;教师积极健康的关注能唤醒学生的高自尊;教师心理控制能力的高低以及能否给予学生积极的社会支持都深刻影响着学生的心理健康水平。可见,教师健全、健康的人格能促进学生心理健康水平的提高,给学生创造轻松愉快的学习氛围。     

Personal Growth of Counselor Trainees

This study compared the level of self-actualization of beginning and advanced students in a master's program in counselor education using the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). The advanced students scored significantly higher than the beginning students on two POI Scales, Feeling Reactivity and Acceptance of Aggression. The beginning students were more like a sample of normal adults than a sample of self-actualizing persons; however, the advanced students were more like the self-actualizing group.     

The Effects of Task Choice on the Quality of Writing Obtained in a Statewide Assessment

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of presenting a choice of writing tasks on the quality of essays produced by 11th-grade students. The effects of task choice were examined for interactions with the gender and race of students. Fifteen writing tasks, designed to elicit persuasive essays, were administered to 34,200 students in Georgia. Approximately half the students received an assigned task, whereas the other half were presented a choice of two tasks. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted using four domain scores as the dependent variables assessing writing quality and four independent variables (gender, race, writing tasks, and choice condition). The student characteristics of gender and race and the writing task variable had a significant effect in the MANOVA and all four univariate analyses. Female students wrote essays of higher quality than male students and White students wrote essays of higher quality than Black students. The choice condition had no substantive effect on the quality of essays. The writing task variable had a significant interaction with the other independent variables.     

对我省高校贫困生问题的理性思考

本从青海省高校贫困生问题出发，分析贫困生问题带给学校、社会、家庭及贫困生自身的压力，指出贫困生问题终究是一个社会和教育公平问题，提出减少贫困生压力需从招生、贷款、助学多渠道努力。     

Student and faculty perceptions of plagiarism in health sciences education

Academic misconduct is a problem encountered by many academic programmes, including programmes in the health sciences. The primary purpose of the present study was to assess doctoral student and graduate faculty perceptions of academic misconduct, specifically plagiarism. We used a cross-sectional survey design, and separate surveys were developed for students and faculty. The student survey measured student perceptions of the prevalence of plagiarism among students in general and assessed the occurrence of each student’s plagiaristic behaviours. The faculty survey measured faculty perceptions of the prevalence of plagiarism among students in general and among students in their courses specifically. Two hundred and thirty-eight students and 92 faculty completed the surveys. Students were doctoral health sciences students enrolled in a campus-based, online or hybrid programme. Compared with the self-reported behaviour of students, faculty believed more students were involved with plagiarism. Self-rated knowledge about plagiarism was significantly higher among online students and faculty than among campus-based students and faculty (p<0.001). Both students and faculty believed the most common plagiaristic activity was citing and referencing a full-text source when only the abstract was read, but only a few students reported personally doing this. Additionally, more campus-based students than online students reported working closely with another classmate on an assignment when they were not authorised to do so (p<0.001). In the present study, surveyed students and faculty believed plagiarism was prevalent among the general student population; however, few students self-reported this behaviour.