Applying Visitor Preference Criteria to Choose Pro‐wildlife Behaviors to Ask of Zoo Visitors

Abstract Many zoos now emphasize that their role in conservation includes influencing the behavior of their visitors for the benefit of wild animals. However, there is limited evidence of behavioral change to support this emphasis; one reason may be that requested behaviors are not viewed favorably by zoo visitors. The purpose of the present study was to involve zoo staff in a process of identifying and prioritizing pro‐wildlife behaviors using a set of criteria that noted what zoo visitors prefer. This was achieved by replicating Smith’s (2009a) study but including visitor‐preferred attributes identified in Smith, Curtis, and van Dijk (2010) . Across several zoos in Australia, 152 staff members participated in seven Nominal Group Technique workshops. Initially over 500 behaviors were identified and prioritized, first by filtering behavior lists, then by participants voting on behaviors. When voting, participants tended to choose behaviors promoting wildlife‐friendly consumerism and donations.     

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概述对美国若干公共图书馆和大学图书馆所作的访问;介绍这些图书馆的基本情况和发展动态。     

Signs Fail to Increase Zoo Visitors' Ability to See Tigers

ZOO exhibits have fairly high attractive power, but often do not engage visitors or hold their attention for long. A drawback of naturalistic zoo exhibits is the frequent inability of zoo visitors to find the animals, as increased animal visibility increases visitor stay time and engagement. Even visible animals can be difficult for visitors to find unaided. In this study, signs pointing out the animals' locations were added to a tiger exhibit at Zoo Atlanta, but they did not increase the number of visitors who found the tigers in the exhibit While the signs were accurate in pointing out the tigers' locations (due to the high predictability of the tigers' resting habits), very few visitors reported even using the signs. Interviews with visitors indicated that visitors did not read the signs, and that animal activity and children's ability to see animals may affect visitors' self‐reports of ability to find tigers.     

黄浦区图书馆掠影

文章介绍了上海市黄浦区图书馆走入新世纪的崭新风貌。     

东瀛学术访问札记

应日本国文学研究资料馆馆长松野阳一和副馆长风雅彦的邀请,笔者于2001年11月赴日本东京参加了“日本古籍在东南亚收藏情况”的学术研讨会。本次研讨会由日本国文学资料馆召开,与会者有北京大学严绍璗教授、浙江大学日本文化研究所所长王勇教授、《文献》杂志编辑部王涵研究馆员、日本国文学资料馆松野阳一教授、冈雅彦教授、大高洋司教授等。笔者向研讨会递交了曾经常熟翁氏所藏《传世孤本南宋明州刻本(集韵)初探》的论文,并介绍了上海图书馆历史文献收藏的特色及近年来整理研究的新进展。访日期间,在日本国文学资料馆馆长的热情安排下,笔者除参观了日本国文学资料馆之外,还有幸参观了心往已久的静嘉堂文库、宫内厅书陵部。     

学生集体参观科技类博物馆的学习效果研究

以色列的两位学者基于社会文化理论设计了调查内容与方法,对4家自然历史博物馆的学生集体参观学习的过程、活动形式、交流互动和博物馆工作人员的导览内容、方式进行了分析,讨论了组织学生集体参观科技类博物馆不同策略下的学习效果。研究结果显示:传统的参观导览内容与方式,既不符合当代的科学教育发展趋势和博物馆对学习效果的新追求,也不适用于科技类博物馆基于实物展品的体验式学习和探究式学习。本研究的内容、方法、结果及其理论基础,对我国科技类博物馆均有启发。     

A TV in the Bedroom: Implications for Viewing Habits and Risk Behaviors During Early Adolescence

This study examined associations between bedroom television, media use, and adolescents' health risk behaviors. A sample of 1,017 12- to 14-year-old adolescents completed computer-assisted interviews at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Among White adolescents, having a bedroom television predicted risk-promoting media use practices and significantly greater odds of initiating health risk behaviors—cigarette smoking and sexual intercourse—over 2 years. Although significantly more Black than White adolescents had a bedroom television, bedroom television was unrelated to Black adolescents' media use practices or health risk behaviors. Research is needed to understand ethnic differences in family media use and consequences for adolescent development.     

党报信访工作功能新探

党报信访工作是党报全局工作中的一项内容,在构建社会主义和谐社会的伟大事业中更有着特别重要的功能,包括联系沟通、信息处理、监督保障、协调疏导和舆论监督等功能。当前,党报在发挥信访工作的功能方面存在着工作人员队伍建设不够强、信访信息阵地建设不够牢、新闻舆论监督效果不够好、信访理论研究不够深等问题。解决这些问题的基本对策是:牢固树立群众观点,充分认识党报信访工作在和谐社会建设中的作用;加强业务学习研究,掌握履行党报信访工作的过硬本领;加强党对党报信访工作的领导;解放思想、实事求是,不断改进创新党报信访工作。     

Identifying Holdings Unique to Your Library's Collections Using WorldCat

ABSTRACT

Having a good understanding of the variety and concentration of rare holdings in our libraries is becoming more and more important, not only for preservation and access purposes, but also for collection management and marketing. This article details how WorldCat's standard search interface can be used to identify holdings unique to particular institutions, or to compare the holdings of one or more institutions based on the relative rarity or ubiquity of the materials in their collections.     

面向任务难度感知的检索行为研究

[目的/意义]以学习型搜索为背景,探索对于反映用户感知任务难度具有稳定、显著影响的交互行为指标。[方法/过程]依托课堂教学开展行为实验,以《信息技术应用》课程学生为研究对象,布置5项搜索任务,运用Morae软件进行过程录制,共收集39名学生的170条有效检索行为数据。根据录屏数据和任务难度感知评价数据,对不同难度下呈现显著差异的行为指标进行分析。结合课题组在2016年、2017年开展的两项实验数据,以及已有相关研究发现进行横向比较,归纳不同任务难度下行为指标呈现显著差异的稳定性。[结果/结论]最终获得具有26项行为指标的稳定行为指标体系,从探索式搜索过程及行为类型角度对用户在困难任务下的行为特点进行描述,并指出未来进一步研究的方向。     

找准情报源:企业竞争情报工作的基础

对企业主要的情报源进行综合归纳,在分析企业情报源开发与利用的现状与问题的基础上,围绕企业选择竞争情报源问题,提出选择情报源时的"合法性"、"动态性"、"以问题为中心"的原则以及面向决策、技术以及市场营销的竞争情报选择策略,并介绍了利用导航地图和案例推理的技术支持方法.     

Taking the Mountain to Mohammed: The Effect of Librarian Visits to Faculty Members on Their use of the Library

Much has been written on liaison programs and faculty perceptions thereof, but little has been written on the effectiveness of specific liaison activities. This article contains the results of a survey that asked faculty to indicate whether meeting individually with a librarian changed their use of library services and resources. Although it was sent to only a small number of faculty (30), 40% of those who were contacted responded to the survey. Of those who responded, 92% indicated that meeting with a librarian had increased their use of at least one library resource or service.     

Using a Behavior Change Model to Document the Impact of Visits to Disney's Animal Kingdom: A Study Investigating Intended Conservation Action

Abstract Over the last 10 to 15 years, zoos and aquariums have set out to influence visitors' conservation‐related knowledge, attitudes, affect, and behavior. In 2000, the Institute for Learning Innovation collaborated with Disney's Animal Kingdom (DAK) on a comprehensive baseline study conducted to assess the outcomes of a DAK experience on visitors in four areas: knowledge, attitudes, affect, and behavior. This article describes one aspect of the comprehensive study: an investigation of the long‐term (two‐to‐three‐month) impact of a visit to Conservation Station at Disney's Animal Kingdom on visitors' intended conservation action. The study used a behavior change model from the health arena: the Prochaska Model of Behavioral Change. The model proved helpful but had some drawbacks, suggesting the need to develop a more sensitive change model. The implications of this study could assist institutions in thinking about what audiences or messages to emphasize in order to influence behavior.     

核心专利判别方法及其在风力发电产业中的应用

研究核心专利的定义和特征,比较现有核心专利判别方法的优缺点,通过应用文献计量、专家评分和案例研究等方法,设计一种从大量专利文献中判别核心专利技术的方法,设定多个专利指标,并通过层次分析法综合多个指标构建成一个核心专利判别指标体系,并通过实例应用于风力发电产业技术领域,判定风力发电控制领域核心专利技术,为我国企业创新发展提供一些借鉴。     

突发公共卫生事件网络虚假信息传播行为影响因素研究——以新冠疫情期间微博虚假信息为例

[目的/意义]探究影响突发公共卫生事件网络虚假信息传播行为的因素,为有针对性地监测预警、阻断传播突发公共卫生事件网络虚假信息提供借鉴参考。[方法/过程]基于S-O-R理论模型,综合考虑外部刺激因素和个体认知因素对传播者信任感知及传播行为的影响,提出相关研究假设,并利用新冠肺疫情期间微博平台的虚假信息进行验证。[结果/结论]突发公共卫生事件的虚假信息质量、信息发布者影响力和事件进展对信息接收者的信息传播行为具有显著促进作用,医护人员主题、呈现积极情感的网络虚假信息更容易获得信任和传播,网络影响力高的信息接收者在虚假信息传播过程中起到辟谣作用。     

Using Mobile Technology to Observe Student Study Behaviors and Track Library Space Usage

Libraries have become increasingly interested in studying the use of spaces within their buildings. Traditional methods for tracking library building use, such as gate counts, provide little information on what patrons do once they are in the library; therefore, new methods for studying space usage are being developed. Particularly promising are mobile technologies, which make it possible to directly observe and track user behaviors throughout library spaces. We found that observation combined with mobile technologies enabled the library to assess user study behaviors and space usage patterns anywhere in the library. Observations were tracked using an iPad with two different types of mobile apps, CloudOn and Counter+. The results were compared to the more traditional statistics gathered by the study room reservation system. The findings showed that the mobile observations more accurately reflected actual library usage and provided additional details on specific study behaviors such as studying in groups and using technology while studying.