Research Priorities for Mental Health Counseling With Youth: Implications for Counselor Preparation,Professional Development,and Research

Counselors encounter the needs of youth (3–17 years) in a variety of settings; however, outside of school counseling, the profession faces a lack of preparation, professional development, and research focused on mental health practice with youth. Using the Delphi method, 12 counselor educators and 15 practicing counselors were polled regarding research priorities for mental health counseling with youth. Research that considers how varying developmental stages and systems (e.g., families, schools, communities) affect the mental health of youth was identified as a priority. Implications for counselor preparation, professional development, and research are offered on the basis of these results.     

不同专业背景的中小学心理健康教师工作现状对比研究

本研究采用北京师范大学教育心理与学校咨询研究所自编问卷对103名来自北京、吉林、河北等7省市的中小学心理健康教师的工作现状及其专业成长需求进行调查,结果发现：我国中小学心理健康教师整体的专业化水平有待提高,目前仅39．8％的教师为心理学专业背景。并且心理学背景的心理健康教师比其他专业背景的教师在很多方面存在优势：从教原因多为专业对口,且为专职;在心理健康教育工作上用的精力更多;能够采用更加丰富的课程形式;在应对困难个案时选择转介给专业的心理机构;在专业成长需求方面对团体咨询技能的需求更高。在家校合作方面,不同专业背景的心理健康教师各有擅长,心理学背景的教师更擅长通过家长讲座和家长咨询或辅导的模式,而非心理学背景的教师更擅长通过家长交流会的模式。     

THE PROVISION OF COUNSELING SERVICES AMONG SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS: AN EXPLORATION OF TRAINING,CURRENT PRACTICES,AND PERCEPTIONS

Although school psychologists have been called on in recent literature to assume a leadership role in a collective and comprehensive effort to address students’ mental health needs, many practitioners find that their professional roles continue to be narrowly focused on special education‐related activities, such as individualized assessment and eligibility determination. Meanwhile, students’ mental health needs have never been greater. The current study focused specifically on school psychologists’ provision of school‐based counseling, an activity that has been shown to be effective in addressing students’ mental health needs, as well as a professional role that many practitioners have expressed a desire to expand. A national sample of school psychologists responded to an Internet survey related to various aspects of counseling service delivery, including their training to provide services, current practices, and perceptions of the importance for school psychologists to assume the responsibility of providing school‐based counseling services.     

聋人大学生职业生涯辅导探析

职业生涯辅导在我国的高等特殊教育中具有独特的价值。本文从促进聋人大学生职业成长和终身发展的视角,分析了聋人大学生职业生涯辅导的缺失与问题,探讨了聋人大学生的心理特点及对其职业生涯发展的消极影响,提出了对聋人大学生进行科学职业生涯辅导的内容、方法和途径。     

Competency and training issues related to the integration of career counseling and mental health counseling

Summary Career counseling cannot be neatly separated from the counseling that affects the remainder of clients' lives, and mental distress cannot be considered independent of the career which encompasses so much of an individual's world. Life is complex and includes many facets which counselees bring to the counseling relationship. Counselors must be able to deal with the major issues in clients' lives including career issues and issues of mental health. Minimum skill for counselors would include the ability to assist a range of clients and the knowledge to effectively refer others. For too long career counseling and mental health counseling have been viewed as separate entities. This view of career and mental health counseling as separate is inconsistent with the development of counseling as a profession and does not serve potential clients well.Spencer G. Niles, D.Ed. is an Assistant Professor of Counselor Education and Robert H. Pate, Jr., Ph.D. is a Professor of Counselor Education and Chair of the Department of Human Services in the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia.     

Becoming a White antiracist counselor: A framework of identity development

In this constructivist grounded theory study, 12 White mental health counselors committed to antiracism were interviewed to explore their professional identity development. The emergent theoretical model of antiracist counseling identity development is a multifaceted lifelong developmental process that manifests through personal and professional experiences and is enacted within antiracist actions.     

Equalizing Opportunity: Training Indigenous Personnel as Mental Health Counselors

Traditional counseling and clinical programs have been reluctant to train lay counselors. The innovative program described in this article was designed to assist disadvantaged adults in obtaining credentials to qualify for a professional position. Unlike traditional students, TIP (Training Indigenous Persons) students were admitted to graduate level courses in mental health counseling on criteria other than their past academic record. Results supported the recent focus on variables related to candidates' success as counselors, rather than on their previous academic performances.     

The Lived Experiences of Clinical Mental Health Counseling Internship Students Providing Home-Based Therapy

Home-based therapy has become an ongoing trend within the mental health field. This transcendental phenomenologically designed study explored the lived experiences of clinical mental health counseling internship students (N=8) who provided home-based therapy as their primary method of gaining required clinical experience for the completion of their master’s degree. The overall personal and professional development of the students providing therapy in this setting was explored. Insights of the internship students regarding their experiences and challenges in providing home-based therapy were revealed. Recommendations based on the experiences of the students providing home-based therapy were offered. Implications to students, counselor educators, and supervisors have also been provided.

     

美国高校心理健康辅导工作的管理探析——以两所美国高校为例

美国高校的学生健康中心或心理辅导(咨询)中心设置有分工明确又相互协作的分支部门,注重内部管理,以利于中心的对外服务,促进中心整体专业发展和功能发挥。中心要求从业人员具有心理学相关的博士学位和州级心理学家注册资格;在知识、能力和经验方面,既有共同也有独特的要求。中心的服务内容广泛,侧重个别咨询,也应用网络咨询、团体辅导和工作坊。美国高校重视学校心理健康辅导工作的评估,体现为中心本身、辅导(咨询)活动、方法、效能和专业人员三个层次。从管理角度认识美国高校心理健康辅导工作,对我国高校心理健康辅导工作具有重要借鉴意义。     

试论高校心理健康教育人员应具备的基本条件

学校心理健康教育人员的自身素质是搞好心理健康教育与咨询工作的必要条件,其中健全的人格和健康的心理素质是基础,扎实的专业知识、技能和经验是关键,可信赖的伦理道德是咨询获得成功的保障。     

从大学生心理健康教育到生命教育的省思

目前高校的心理健康教育工作已经取得了一定成效。但大学生漠视生命、否定生命的现象对心理健康教育提出了挑战。以心理健康教育已有的成果为基础和平台,实现心理健康教育与生命教育融合成为促进大学生健康发展的必经之路。二者有机结合可以通过以下途径:加强心理辅导和心理健康教育;将生命教育内容融入到心理健康教育中;积极开展心理咨询,解决大学生生命困扰;将生命教育渗透到团体心理辅导中。     

Family assessment in K‐12 settings: Understanding family systems to provide effective,collaborative services

Professional school counselors, school psychologists, and other professionals working in K‐12 settings have a complex job of meeting the needs of all students. Often, referral to outside counseling is necessary; however, an effective and comprehensive counseling model advocates for school mental health professionals to employ a wide variety of techniques to ensure equitable distribution of services to all students and their families. This article explores using family assessment tools to support both students' academic achievement and their families within a school context. A case study illustrates how a professional school counselor could employ and collaborate with family assessment tools to support the student, family, and school systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Closing the gap in school mental health: A community‐centered model for school psychology

Disciplines involved in the development and/or provision of services in school mental health have recognized the promise of evidence‐based practices in meeting the growing unmet mental health needs of children, adolescents, and families in this country. As a result, School Psychology has strongly emphasized the development and dissemination of evidence‐based practices through professional development opportunities and published literature. Despite these efforts, evidence‐based practices are not implemented as widely or as effectively as intended. This article describes a community‐centered (CC) model for closing the research‐to‐practice gap in school mental health. CC models emphasize both adopting new practices successfully and improving existing practices through a process of planning, implementation, and evaluation, and an exemplar framework based in a CC model is presented and applied to school mental health. The role of school psychologists in leading schools to adopt CC models is discussed, and next steps for changes to training, practice, and research paradigms are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

大学生心理求助行为的现状与对策

大学生在遇到心理问题时,其中只有少数人主动寻求帮助,且学生的个体差异、事件特点和环境因素都会影响求助行为的发生。因此,要促进大学生主动进行专业心理求助,需要从创造咨询预约渠道、丰富咨询形式、加强中心宣传、提升机构专业性、普及健康知识以及强化多方力量等方面提高高校心理咨询服务利用率。     

Community Consultation and Intervention: Supporting Students Who Do Not Access Counseling Services

Although the severity of psychological problems among college students and the demand for campus counseling services has increased, many students who could benefit from mental health services still do not access them. This article describes Community Consultation and Intervention, a program designed to support students who are unlikely to access professional help despite the best efforts of traditional counseling center outreach. Community Consultation and Intervention reaches into the campus community to intervene by advising faculty and staff who may be the only contact for a distressed student, taking on a nontraditional “student support” role in direct interactions with students, offering advocacy when university systems or other environmental stressors precipitate psychological problems, and providing case management and crisis intervention services on behalf of the university when troubled students are especially concerning and disruptive to their communities. The most novel element of the program—the student support role—is distinct from conventional counseling in that it privileges problem solving, support, advice, and advocacy over focusing on emotions and other traditional mental health interventions. Case studies and programmatic challenges are described.     

Attitudes Toward Homosexuality among Graduate Counseling Students

The authors surveyed graduate counseling students regarding their attitudes toward homosexuality: its etiology; the mental health of homosexuals; the role of the mental health professional in treating homosexual clients; and myths and fallacies surrounding homosexuality. The results indicate that counseling students feel ill-prepared to deal with homosexual clients, are unsure about the etiology of homosexuality, and that female students respond differently from male students regarding many aspects of homosexuality.     

Common Characteristics of Compassionate Counselors: A Qualitative Study

Using a qualitative research methodology involving face-to-face and telephone interviews, the researchers explored the construct of compassion in mental health counseling. The construct of compassion has been empirically studied in many helping professions; however, most studies have focused on counselors working with trauma victims in medical settings and large-scale disasters. The sample comprised 16 mental health counselors (i.e., 13 females and 3 males) who were licensed professionals working in the state of Ohio. Three major themes emerged from the data: (a) client population, (b) work environment, and (c) coping mechanisms. Implications are examined in regard to professional and personal wellbeing for counselors.     

建立发展性心理辅导模式 促进大学生心理健康发展

根据我国学校心理辅导特点和目前世界心理辅导的发展趋势,建立大学生发展性心理辅导为主导的模式已成为我国各高校今后发展的趋势和必然。通过对大学生进行发展性心理辅导,提高大学生心理健康教育工作的实效性,促进大学生心理健康发展。     

教师心理健康服务需求现状调查与思考——以陕西省5所地方本科院校为例

为了考察高校教师心理健康服务需求的现状,为提高高校教师心理健康服务水平提供实证依据,本研究对陕西省5个地市5所地方本科院校680名教师进行调查,调查内容包括教师对心理健康服务的态度、对心理健康服务机构的需求、对心理健康服务人员的需求、对心理健康服务内容的需求、对心理健康服务方式和途径的需求5个方面。调查结果发现:(1)教师对心理健康服务的态度不够积极,大多认为心理健康服务没有必要;(2)教师最希望接受学校心理健康服务机构的服务,而对民间机构需求程度最低;(3)教师最希望得到家人等非专业人员的服务,对私立机构专家等专业人员的需求程度不高;(4)教师对生计与生活适应、身心管理、人际关系、职业发展、婚恋及两性心理最关心,对危机干预及物质依赖需求度低;(5)教师最愿意与家人交流讨论、向同学同辈朋友咨询、接受健康教育和科普宣传,不愿意采用电话咨询等方式接受心理健康服务。地方本科院校的工会作为"教职工之家",应充分利用基层组织优势,积极发挥作用,创建"教师心灵驿站工作室",加强和改善教师心理健康服务质量。     

对构建高校心理健康教育三维立体模式的思考

研究高校心理健康教育模式是当前中国大学生心理健康教育理论与实践发展的需要。在现阶段,要积极倡导以心理辅导与咨询为“点”、以心理健康教育课程为“线”、以心理健康教育实践活动为“面”的三维立体的心理健康教育模式。