The school psychologist as a tutorial systems supervisor

The school psychologist often is viewed as a diagnostician instead of a remediator. The purpose of this paper is to stress the remedial role that school psychologists can assume without detracting from the importance of diagnosis. Three main points are presented. (a) Paraprofessional tutors can be effective providers of individualized help to problem learners if they are given proper training, structured approaches, and careful supervision. (b) The application of effective paraprofessional models should be extended to the increasing number of mainstreamed handicapped students and adequately evaluated. (c) The school psychologist is in a position to effect improvements in existing remedial education through assuming the role of supervisor as tutorial systems are implemented and evaluated.     

The educational psychologist: Facing a new era

The once firm divisions between regular and special education are now fading. In many regions, the integration into regular classrooms of formerly extruded atypical students has an accepted and sometimes legally determined future. Much greater responsibility has thus fallen upon the shoulders of the classroom teacher, and when the failure of students to learn is attributed to a failure to teach them effectively, the question of professional accountability becomes poignant indeed. So, too, for the educational psychologist. Assessment, tied to placement, is no longer acceptable as a raison d'etre. His/her primary contribution in an era of integration for special education is towards improving the quality of instruction in regular classrooms and the quality of learning. Activities of educational psychologists, including assessment, research dissemination, programs of evaluation, systems analysis, and work with parents are reconstrued in this paper as contributing to better instruction in better classrooms.     

The educational psychologist as instructional designer

Educational psychology, as an academic discipline, needs a model or paradigm for conceptualizing and solving educational problems. The systems approach to instructional design is proposed as a unifying process which was developed primarily by educational psychologists and has wide applicability in education. The use of the systems approach is advocated because (1) it provides a method for delivering effective service, (2) it incorporates many concepts presently familiar to educational psychologists and suggests other topics which should be of concern, (3) it suggests a wide array of research and evaluation problems, and (4) it provides an integrative framework for the design of graduate training programs. These four factors are discussed in detail.     

The school psychologist as a behavior therapist: Past and future

Using a published review of 1965 as a comparison point, this article presents an opinion on the evolution of the school psychologist as a behavior therapist (encompassing the period of 1965–1975). Over the past ten years, it was noted that the role of being an individual therapist has been replaced by the role of being a consultant to the schools and the community, that assessment of change due to behavioral interventions (while some progress has been made) is still a major problem, and that the use of behavioral methods in the educational context is screened on an individual technique basis. In terms of the future, it is posited that there will be increasing support for the use of behavior modification activities, and specific areas of preparation for the schools and colleges are suggested. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between professionalism and public policy, particularly as relevant to the ethics inherent in the use of behavior modification.     

轨道交通专业顶岗实习模式研究

如何以就业为导向,让学生快速溶入企业中,实现在顶岗实习中校企共建、校企共育、校企共管、校企共评的四共顶岗实习管理模式。     

高职会计实习方案设计

会计实习是会计实践教学当中的一个不可或缺的学习环节。作者从三个方面对会计实习环节的教学进行了剖析。     

The internship component of a teacher education program: Opportunities for learning

Abstract

Many preservice teacher education programs in recent years have increased the amount of time student teachers spend in field placements by adding an “internship “ component. An internship is typically longer than a practice teaching session and is designed as a bridge between being a student teacher and having full teaching responsibilities. This study explored the effect of an internship that had three key features: the interns were free to choose the nature of their field experience, no formal evaluation was involved, and the interns were attached to the school (or other institution) as a whole rather than a particular staff member. Under these conditions, the interns could (a) go more deeply into a specific teaching area; (b) gain greater knowledge of school culture; (c) become more familiar with school‐wide programs and activities; and (d) learn more about their distinctive interests and abilities as teachers.     

The intensive multisupervisory internship in school psychology

An alternative model of the school psychology internship is presented. Specific features of such an internship experience are reviewed, including full-time placement, training vs. service functions, supervision, research time, and stipend.     

德国大学生的就业指导和实习管理

德国是科研型大学的创始者,但是德国大学在注重培养学生科研能力的同时,也非常注重学生的应用能力。因此形成了一套切实有效的实习管理方法和制度,使学生在校期间就能有机会广泛地接触社会、理论应用于实践。不仅提高了教学质量,也提升了学生的就业能力。