基于学生全面参与的管理学实践教学模式设计

从实现管理学教学目标入手,探讨了学生全面参与的管理学实践教学模式的涵义及原则,提出管理学教学应坚持学生全面参与为主:让学生参与到教师教学设计、课堂讲授和成绩考核等课程规划全过程中去;参与到中国改革开放管理实践中去。     

为每一个学生的成长而教-基于"学的课程"的教学设计探析

本文通过对"合法的边缘性参与"(LPP)为代表的"情境学习"论的考察,阐述"学的课程"的意蕴及其教学设计的基本特征。基于"学的课程"的教学设计的基本诉求是打破长期以来"以教定学"的定势,走向"以学定教"。其宗旨在于"为每一个学生的成长而教",而不是单纯地"为考试而教"。这正是区分新旧教学的分水岭。     

学徒课堂培育工匠精神的理念、机制与策略

工匠精神的培育是职业教育的重要任务。培育工匠精神需要实施学徒式的教学,学徒课堂的价值指向包括工匠精神,二者紧密联系。学徒课堂培育工匠精神的理念有情境学习、自我效能、合作学习。学徒课堂上,工作化的教学任务为培育工匠精神构建认知基础,师徒化的师生关系为培育工匠精神催化职业情感,职场化的教学情境为培育工匠精神提供践行平台。师傅示范、学生演示、文艺欣赏、档案式学习、环境影响是学徒课堂培育工匠精神的主要策略。     

物理课堂教学中学生主体作用的发挥

在物理课堂教学中，学生的主体作用的发挥，可通过激发学生的活动兴趣、欲望及主动精神，培养学生勤奋好学的态度，运用积极、主动的教学方法及开展鼓励为主的学习评价来实现。     

GRAPPLING WITH CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: THE ORIENTATIONS OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS AND IMPACT OF STUDENT TEACHING

This article describes research conducted to examine 71 preservice teachers' theoretical orientations of classroom management and the impact of student teaching on these orientations as well as their overall views regarding classroom management. Results indicated preservice teachers demonstrated inconsistent beliefs with regard to philosophies of classroom management developed as part of university coursework. Upon completion of student teaching in environments characterized by teacher-centered practices, analyses revealed a shift toward more teacher-centered beliefs and behavior. Conclusions indicate the effects of vicarious and mastery experiences as influential in determining preferred orientations and management techniques cited as relevant within the classroom.     

CREDENTIALS NEEDED FOR TEACHING BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY IN THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

Biology and chemistry instructors at 50 institutions within th North Carolina Community College System were surveyed concerning the types of courses they teach, the diversity of students in their courses, their own academic preparation, how they would have altered their academic preparation for their current position, their preceived value of secondary school teaching in their current position, and additional comments about preparation for teaching in the community college. Personel officers at these institutions were surveyed on degrees they require for hiring biology and chemistry instructors, additional qualifications they seek in instructors, and whether they believe secondary school teaching experience to be of benefit for someone considering a community college teaching position.

Major concerns in hiring an instructor are a stong academic preparation in the teaching field and a second major or minor in a related science field. An additional concern is the ability to address the special needs of the diverse student population found in the community college setting. The instructors suggest that programs in science education can help teachers improve their instructional techniques, and 7 6% of the instructors who have taught in secondary schools indicate that this experience had been beneficial in their community college teaching.     

PROGENIES IN EDUCATION: THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNET TEACHING

Technological advances create tension between what traditional educational systems offer and what new online teaching methods can offer. External pressures are being exerted on traditional educational systems forcing change on time-honored scholastic practices. As a result, progenies, the natural offspring of technology innovations and traditional education practices, are reshaping education. The initial driving force of any developing technology is the innovation of product. The innovation of product is the search for a dominant design. The desired features of a technology are defined in this search process. The authors conclude that a dominant design in online teaching platforms has emerged and has thus created an implicit understanding of the performance requirements to be met by the product. Educational organizations now must shift their focus from innovative online product development to a standardization of the product with a concurrent increase in process innovation and development. Schools with online teaching and learning programs are not seeking to define their distinct brand of distance education; rather they are seeking ways in which to improve their processes of delivery. Thus a shift must occur from an emphasis on product innovation to process innovation. This article develops the concept that an increase in process design, a responsibility of individual educators, is the next step toward the development, implementation, and refinement of collaborative learning, learning communities, and individual learning strategies that facilitate student achievement.     

THE POWER OF LEARNING GOAL ORIENTATION IN PREDICTING STUDENT MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT

The teaching and learning of mathematics in schools has drawn tremendous attention since the education reform in Taiwan. In addition to assessing cognitive abilities, Taiwan Assessment of Student Achievement in Mathematics (TASA-MAT) collects background information to help depict average student achievement in schools in an educational context. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between student achievement in mathematics and student background characteristics. The data for this study was derived from the sample for the 2005 TASA-MAT Sixth-Grade Main Survey in Taiwan. The average age of the sixth-grade students in Taiwan is 11 years old, as was the sample for the 2005 TASA-MAT. Student socioeconomic status (SES) and student learning-goal orientation were specified as predictor variables of student performance in mathematics. The results indicate that the better performance in mathematics tended to be associated with a higher SES and stronger mastery goal orientation. The SES factor accounted for 4.98% of the variance, and student learning-goal orientation accounted for an additional 10.61% of the variance. The major implication obtained from this study was that goal orientation was much more significant than SES in predicting student performance in mathematics. In addition, the Rasch model treatment of the ordinal response-category data is a novel approach to scoring the goal-orientation items, with the corresponding results in this study being satisfactory.     

重构评课标准凸显学生主体性

课堂教学是学校的中心工作 ,是实现教育目的的基本途径 ,传统评课标准只重视教师的作用 ,忽视了学生的主体性 ,为教育教学工作带来了许多负面影响。重构符合时代要求的新的评课标准 ,对提高教育质量具有重要意义     

THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SCHOOL EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE: A CATALYST FOR REFLECTIVE TEACHING AND PRACTICE

This paper describes the incorporation of online psychological consultation regarding child behavior in an early childhood teacher education program. The authors discuss psychological consultation in terms of current theory and philosophy in early childhood teacher education in general, and in terms of the professional objectives of this specific program. The experiences and thinking that eventually resulted in the choice of an online vehicle for the delivery of psychological consultation are also discussed. Specific psychological education objectives addressed through this consultation are illustrated in excerpts from actual interchanges between the consulting clinical psychologist and student teachers. The paper concludes with reactions regarding this seminar addition from supervisors and student teachers.     

THE OLDEST STUDENT IN ROMANIA

Vasiliu Gheorghe is the oldest student in Romania. He is a unique historical phenomenon in his country and perhaps a model for others. He may be the last student in Romania to earn a second university degree in a field different from his first degree. It would be inaccurate to leave the impression that Vasiliu is the only older Romanian attending a university. Although it is not possible to return to the university for a degree in a second field, many older Romanians are attending courses offered by evening extension programs at universities throughout the country.     

电磁场的物质观

本文对为什么说电磁场是一种物质,做了逻辑较严谨的讨论;对电磁场的物质观做出较完整的描述。     

英文写作教学改革新方法探索

作者根据长期英文写作教学的实践,结合中国学生的实际,运用语言学习中的认知理论及二语习得理论,探索出一套提高学生英文写作能力和水平的教学新的方法：教学内容上,抛弃传统的基础知识板块,确立写作方法和技能在教学中的核心地位;教学主体上,改以教师为中心为以学生为中心;教学过程中,坚持师生互动的原则;教学手段上,变单一语言交流为多媒质的集体介入.     

Apprenticing for creativity in the improvisation lesson: a qualitative enquiry

Effective teacher-student learning relationships can propel students to advanced ways of knowing and acting. In much arts based higher education learning, dynamic and fluid interplay of cognitive, meta-cognitive and aspirational aims and goals are prevalent and passed to students in a learning relationship that can be described as a cognitive apprenticeship. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to explore four conservatoire teachers and their musical improvisation students. Investigating in the lesson experiences reveal pedagogical applications of modeling, scaffolding, coaching, reflection and developing mastery and expertise in students. A cognitive apprenticeship model can provide a framework for teachers to understand how to develop increased student control, ownership of learning, and contextually situated instructional strategies that brings cognitive and creative thinking, action and reflection to the forefront of learning and teaching. The study reveals how educators can develop trajectories of learning and problem-solving concepts that draw students into a culture of expert practice.     

RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR AS EFFECTIVE TEACHING: A NEW LOOK AT STUDENT RATING OF PROFESSORS

Items in student rating instruments unavoidably contain biases in favour of particular concepts of excellence which make them invalid for measuring the teaching effectiveness of a wide variety of college instructors. The use of scores from such instruments to penalise or reward faculty in salary, tenure and promotion decisions may adversely affect dedicated instruction. Given this problem, an alternative is proposed in which students report whether instructors acted responsibly rather than excellently. Proposed is a two-;part instrument which uses students to monitor acceptable employee behaviours in teaching settings to satisfy management needs, while at the same time providing qualitative feedback to the instructor for the purpose of self‐improvement.     

Cognitive apprenticeship in a CAL-environment for functionally illiterate adults

When cognitive apprenticeship principles are compared with adult learning theories and in particular with learning theories concerning functionally illiterate adults, they have several aspects in common. In order to check these resemblances in practice and to explore at the same time the way in which the cognitive apprenticeship methods can be operationalized in a computer aided learning environment for adult basic education students, a computer program was designed in the domain of arithmetic.This article describes an experiment with this computer program in which the use of the operationalized cognitive apprenticeship methods was studied together with the effects of modelling and coaching on student performance.The results concerning the implementation of modelling and coaching showed that adult basic education students make little use of optional materials in the computer program. As a consequence of this no conclusions can be drawn concerning the effects of modelling and coaching on student performance.     

The Development of Metacognition in Primary School Learning Environments

Constructivist ideas have influenced recent major innovations in Dutch secondary education and new curricula for reading and math in primary education, for example, pay much more attention to metacognition than before. In our study, we compared the growth of student metacognition in varying learning environments, direct instruction, and cognitive apprenticeship in primary school. The study also included a control group of teachers. In order to measure metacognition we developed a questionnaire, with separate parts for metacognitive skills and metacognitive knowledge. In the item selection procedure we made use of item response modeling. It was found that in the direct instruction and the cognitive apprenticeship group the pupils had higher scores on metacognitive skills and metacognitive knowledge compared to the control group pupils. No clear differences were found between direct instruction and cognitive apprenticeship. Interactions of learning environment and student intelligence were non-significant for both output measures.     

MAKING THE ISRAEL EXPERIENCE EFFECTIVE

If I recall my first teaching experience, it is only to suggest that perhaps, in many congregations, the situation has not materially improved. It was the season of 1923–1924. I was a freshman student at Columbia College, and I was invited to assist the backward students at Temple Anshe Chesed (in Harlem, New York) in their reading of Hebrew, and to serve as substitute for any teachers who might be absent on any particular day. I had as much right to serve as anything at all in any classroom as I had to perform surgery in a hospital. But to Cantor Marcel Katz z”I who doubled as principal of the school (Dr. Jacob Kohn was the Rabbi) no further credentials were necessary besides my willingness to do my best — which was not, clearly, very good.     

教学机智:跳荡在教学情境中的燧火

教学机智 ,既是教师教学智慧与艺术的体现 ,更是教师教育观包括课程观、教学观、学生观的折射。传统观念中 ,教学机智被视为技艺性的“雕虫小技” ,而严重地制约了教师才华和情智的展现及其教育功能的发挥。基础教育课程改革将为教师教学机智的选择与创新提供广阔的路径和多样化的情境 ,使教学机智的教育价值和表现形式更为丰富多样 ,这对教师也提出了新的要求和期望。