Effects of a 12-week resistance exercise program on physical self-perceptions in college students

There is an increase in literature suggesting exercise can promote positive changes in physical self-perceptions that can manifest as an increase in global self-esteem. In the present study, we assessed self-esteem using the hierarchical framework of the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model (EXSEM) along with cognitive facets at the subdomain level (e.g., competence, certainty, importance, and ideal self-discrepancy). This allowed for an analysis of cognitive facets as possible contributors to changes in physical self-perceptions. We addressed these aims with a sample of 120 college-age adults who completed a 12-week resistance exercise program. Results indicated significant improvements in self-perception constructs at all levels of the EXSEM. The hierarchical structure of the EXSEM was partially supported, as we observed successively smaller improvements at each level of the model (e.g., self-esteem showed lesser improvements than physical self-worth). In addition, a path model developed to explain the impact of strength changes on self-esteem proved a good fit for the data. Results are discussed in terms of contemporary models of self-perception, potential mediators of exercise on self-esteem, and the need to consider cognitive facets of self-perception.     

情绪调节体育教学模式对初中女生身体自我概念、状态焦虑的影响

探讨基于情绪调节基本理论的体育课程教学干预对初中女生身体自我概念及状态焦虑的影响.采用重复测量的实验设计,以淮安市清河中学初三学生为实验对象,其中对照组20人,实验组20人.实验组参加为期10周,每周3次,每次60 min的情绪调节体育教学;对照组不参加任何与身体活动有关的体育训练.采用状态焦虑量表(SAI)和身体自我描述问卷(PSDQ)分别在实验前、实验中、实验后对初中女生进行测量.结果:1)实验组在身体活动、身体协调、运动能力以及身体灵活性方面显著优于对照组;2)实验组学生状态焦虑水平显著低于对照组,说明10周的情绪调节体育教学干预,能有效提高初中女生身体自我概念,降低状态焦虑水平.     

论合作体育教学对学生社会适应能力的影响

体育与健康课程根据“健康第一”的指导思想,结合课程结构构建了5个领域目标,社会适应目标是其中之一。从探索合作体育教学模式、渗透终身体育意识作为出发点展开研究,在合作教学中培养学生自主学习能力、采用多种形式进行评价、把群体合作延伸到课余体育活动中展开阐述,为更好地达到体育与健康的社会适应目标提供了研究方向。     

Heart rates of elementary physical education students during the dancing classrooms program

We examined how different types of dance activities, along with their duration, influenced heart rate responses among fifth-grade physical education students (N = 96) who participated in the Dancing Classrooms program. Results indicated that the overall Dancing Classrooms program elicits a moderate cardiovascular heart rate response (M = 124.4 bpm), in which 47% of class time was spent above a 60% maximal heart rate threshold. The swing dance in particular (M = 143.4 bpm) stimulated a much higher heart rate level than all other dances in the program, with a mean heart rate change of 52.6 bpm. Girls (127.3 bpm) achieved marginally higher heart rates (p = .059) than boys (121.1 bpm).     

Exploring self-perceptions and social influences as correlates of adolescent leisure-time physical activity

This study examined adolescent leisure-time physical activity correlates using the expectancy-value (EV) model. Adolescents (N = 857) completed questionnaires to assess competence and value self-perceptions, social influences, and physical activity. Direct and indirect effects of self-perceptions and parent and best friend influences on physical activity were explored using structural equation modeling. Measurement models were a good fit to the data and gender invariance was supported. The structural mediation model was a reasonable fit to the data, whereby the indirect effects of parents and peers and the direct effects of competence beliefs and values together accounted for 49% of the variance in physical activity. In this model, the pattern of relationships was similar for adolescent males and females. Findings supporting the EV model provide theoretical and practical implications for understanding adolescent physical activity.     

Understanding the perceived mattering of physical education teachers

Previous research related to occupational socialization theory has indicated that, in certain school contexts, physical education (PE) and physical education teachers are socially constructed as being less important than, or marginal to, the primary purpose of schooling. This research highlights the challenges associated with occupying a position of marginality. Another way to look at the social experiences of physical education teachers is to examine the extent to which they feel as if they matter to those around them. Drawing upon qualitative and quantitative data sources, the purpose of this study was to examine physical education teachers’ perceived mattering. A mixed-methods design was employed, and data sources included responses to an online survey (N?=?105) and individual telephone interviews (N?=?23). Quantitative data were analyzed using 2?×?2 (education?×?teaching level) Factorial MANOVA; interview data were analyzed using analytic induction and constant comparison. Quantitative analyses indicated that teachers with advanced degrees and those in secondary schools perceived a higher level of mattering than those with bachelor’s degrees and teaching in elementary schools. Respondents perceived that PE mattered slightly more than they did as teachers of the subject. Qualitative analysis indicated that (a) relationships were critical to teachers’ mattering, (b) physical location of the gym and isolation contributed to mattering, and (c) PE was viewed as a service to others in their workplace. Perceived matter is dependent upon a variety of factors related to both personal and workplace factors. Enhancing teachers’ perceptions of mattering may reduce feelings of marginalization.     

The influence of physical education on physical activity levels of urban elementary students

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of physical education in shaping physical activity patterns. Seventy-one Hispanic and African American elementary students participated in the study. Students attended one 30- and one 60-min physical education class weekly. Pedometer steps were used to estimate physical activity. Data suggest that students did not engage in enough physical activity on a daily basis to incur health benefits. There were significant step differences in 0-, 30-, and 60-min physical education days, with the most steps occurring on 60-min days. Results from the study suggest physical education may be an important source of physical activity for Hispanic and African American students, especially girls, and may influence participation in physical activity outside of class.     

Assessing perceived need support and need satisfaction in physical education: adaptation and validation with English students

This study aimed to validate an English version of Basic Psychological Needs Support Questionnaire (BPNSQ) and the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education Scale (BPN-PE) in the physical education context. Participants included 453 students aged between 12 and 17 years. For the BPNSQ, the hypothesized three-factor solution displayed high interfactor correlations (rs > 1), and a follow-up analysis indicated that the items were represented by a single need-support factor. For the BPN-PE, hypothesized three-factor solution was supported. Both scales were found invariant across gender, and the nomological validity was also demonstrated through the associations between factors of both scales. This study provides initial support for the use of the BPN-PE to assess psychological need satisfaction within the physical education context among English-speaking adolescents. The hypothesized three-factor structure of the BPNSQ was not supported and more research is needed to evaluate the English version in the physical education context.     

社会环境因素对学生健康教育的影响

从社会环境的视角论述了影响学生身心健康的个人、家庭、学校、社区等主、客观因素，分析了产生这些因素的政治、经济、教育诸原因。认为优越的政治环境有利于学生的身心健康，营造良好的家庭、学校、社区和社会健康教育氛围，对于培养具有健身、健心、健美的新人，以适应21世纪对高素质人才的需求具有重要作用。     

Fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program

Achievement goal theory and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice were used to examine fourth-grade students' motivational changes in an elementary physical education running program. In fall and spring of the school year, participants (N = 113; 66 boys, 47 girls) completed questionnaires assessing achievement goals, expectancy beliefs, subjective task values, and intention for future running participation. They also completed a timed 1-mile (1.6 km) run. The number of laps they ran/walked during the school year was used to assess students' persistence/effort. Results indicated the students improved their run but became less motivated about running while participating in a year-long running program. Children's beliefs about how good they were in the running program (i.e., expectancy beliefs) and their perceptions of how interesting and fun it was (i.e., interest) emerged as the strongest positive predictors of their motivation for running over time. These findings provide strong empirical evidence that expectancy beliefs and interest are essential to children's motivation in elementary physical education.     

高校男、女学生体育成绩的可比较性研究

学生体育考试成绩是衡量学生掌握体育知识、技术的标准, 但是长期以来男女生体育最终成绩就存在着很大的差异, 面对着学生评定奖学金等等与体育课成绩相关的学生切身利益, 如何合理的制定体育考试标准, 使男女生成绩具有相对的可比较性, 是一个值得探讨的问题。本文采用统计分析法, 通过男女生体育成绩的比较分析, 探讨解决男女生体育课成绩的可比较性问题, 并用实例介绍用计算机方便、快速的制定适合本单位实际情况的, 男女生成绩可比较的体育考试标准的方法。并且提出动态的制定体育锻炼标准评分表的设想。     

多元体育学习评价对中小学生体育学习兴趣的影响

对青岛、东莞、重庆、泉州、厦门和蚌埠等实验基地的小学、初中、高中共6所学校进行实验研究。结果显示,不论是课改实验区还是非课改实验区,多元体育学习评价均能有效地激发中小学生的体育学习兴趣,引导学生学会体育学习,激励其不断进步与发展;在提高学生的体育学习兴趣方面,多元体育学习评价运用的效果课改实验区明显好于非课改实验区;多元体育学习评价对于不同学段和不同性别学生的体育学习兴趣会产生不同的影响,建议在下一步的体育学习评价改革中给予高中生和初中女生更多的关注。     

高校学生的健康教育与终身体育意识的培养

高校体育课的性质随着全面推进素质教育的深入，社会的不断发展，发生了重大变化，终身体育的思想将成为主流。实施健康教育的指导思想、高校体育课程的模式、课程的类型结构都要适应这些变化，使“终结体育”向“终身体育”转变，使体育教学的竞技化向健身化、娱乐化、兴趣化方面发展，使学生从总体上了解体育的本质、体育锻炼对身体和心理的良好影响，使学生获得终身锻炼及终身受益的能力。     

The effectiveness of the Canadian Quality Daily Physical Education program on school physical education

The effectiveness of the Canadian Quality Daily Physical Education (QDPE) program in creating awareness, support, and influencing school based physical education programs was determined using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Participants included teachers, principals and vice principals, school board officials and trustees, professional agencies and association, and provincial ministry of education officials. Findings showed this national initiative increased awareness and support of QDPE among all participants. Although the influence of this increased awareness and support on school physical education programming was limited, the greatest impact was in time committed to instruction, development of curricula, instruction of classes, delivery of intramural programs, professional development, and student response to physical education. The least impact was on hiring of physical education specialists, the number of staff, and funding for physical education.     

体育教学内容对大学生心理健康影响的实验研究

以新课标的教学理念为指导进行教改实验，使教学模式得以更新、教学方式发生变化，并且确立了新的水平领域目标，改变了评价方式，从而使教学内容的设计更加适用。结果显示，课改教学对学生的心理健康有积极的影响，能够极大的调动学生参与体育锻炼的积极性，激发学生参与体育锻炼的兴趣与动机。     

普通高校体育教学改革与大学生终身体育相结合的研究

根据终身体育理论,以高校体育在终身体育中的地位为基础,着重探讨了高校体育教学改革的新举措对终身体育的影响.     

A prospective study of pedometer-determined physical activity and physical self-perceptions in children

There have been limited prospective studies investigating physical activity and physical self-perceptions in children. In this investigation, mean steps/day did not significantly change from late elementary to junior high for either boys or girls; however; boys accumulated more steps both at baseline and follow-up. Physical self-perception measures were significantly related to changes in steps/day and accounted for 21% (15% adjusted) of the variance after controlling for demographic/biological variables, R2 change = .21, adjusted R2 change = .15, F (5,88) = 4.66, p < .001. Sport competence emerged as the most important predictor t (88) = -3.76, p < .001, and was inversely related to physical activity change. The lack of opportunities to participate in sport activities normally found at the onset of adolescence may help explain this unexpected result.     

对《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》的质疑

于2004新学年开始在全国普通高校实施的《全国普通高等学校体育教育本科专业课程方案》，把培养目标定位于复合人才的培养，对所培养人才的规格提出了更高的要求，并加大课程建设综合化的力度，确实让人欣喜。但也存在诸多问题，如培养目标定位过高、不切实际且错位；对人才培养规格规定过死，没有给各相关高校选择余地；课程设置不尽人意，主干课程刚性不足，且缺乏人文精神。在分析《课程方案》新意的同时，重点就不足之处进行讨论，并提出了几点建议。