Changing our ways: Teaching for a different future

This speech discusses the need to incorporate a global perspective and account for the reality of constant and rapid change when revising the science and math curricula.This paper comprises a speech, the Karplus Lecture, given at the National Science Teachers Association Annual meeting, Kansas City, Missouri, April, 3. 1993     

Anthropomorphically speaking: on communication between teachers and children in early childhood biology education

In this study a particular kind of figurative language, so‐called anthropomorphic speech, is analysed in the context of science activities in a preschool setting. Anthropomorphism means speaking about something non‐human in human terms. Can any systematic pattern be seen with regard to when such speech is used? Do children and/or teachers introduce this kind of talking and how is it responded to by the interlocutor(s)? Of 128 instances of anthropomorphism found, 24 were made by the children and 104 by the teachers. Children sometimes respond in line with the introduction of such speech but they also at times reject this way of speaking. Anthropomorphic speech is discussed as a strategy for the teachers in handling the dilemma of how to connect with children’s experiences and terms, on the one hand, and developing children’s understanding, on the other hand.     

Talking about science: An interpretation of the effects of teacher talk in a high school science classroom

This paper builds on research in science education, secondary education, and sociolinguistics by arguing that high school classrooms can be considered speech communities in which language may be selectively used and imposed on students as a means of fostering academic speech community identification. To demonstrate the ways in which a high school teacher's language use may encourage subject area identification, the results of an interactionist analysis of data from a 2-year ethnographic study of one high school chemistry classroom are presented. Findings indicate that this teacher's uses of language fell into three related categories. These uses of language served to foster identification with the academic speech community of science. As a result of the teacher's talk about science according to these three patterns, students developed or reinforced particular views of science. In addition, talking about science in ways that fostered identity with the discipline promoted the teacher as expert and built classroom solidarity or community. These results are discussed in light of sociolinguistic research on classroom competence and of the assertions of science educators regarding social and ideologic implications of language use in science instruction.     

试论教育思想和教育制度的创新

江泽民同志在北京师范大学百年校庆大会上的讲话是马克思主义教育思想的重要文献.教育创新是时代的要求,科教兴国的要求.教育创新要以"三个面向"为指针,按照"三个代表"的要求,在教育思想上创新,教育制度上创新.     

The uninvited inference

The use of a computer based speech analysis and synthesis system for elementary instruction in speech science is described. System organization and the development of an interactive command language are covered. This approach, in which the student actively uses the computer, is contrasted with instructional use in which the computer determines the students behavior.     

网络信息文化多元格局对“两课”教育的影响

在网络信息文化多元格局中 ,高校“两课”教育的定向性与网络传播的散发性之间的矛盾 ,造成主流文化垄断话语权威被分散到虚拟社群中 ,使得主流文化趋于分化和细化成为必然。“两课”教育模式通过网络信息特征来审视自己的形式 ,积极参与活动 ,用“三个代表”重要思想统领社会主义主流文化 ,促进受教育者的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和心理健康素质不断提高     

Practices and Innovations in Australian Science Teacher Education Programs

This paper reports part of a larger study which was designed to investigate current practices in initial teacher education programs in Australia. The main data collection was by telephone interviews, which were carried out with science education specialists and program coordinators at all institutions which offer primary teacher education or secondary science teacher education. The interviews focused on practices in relation to program structures, science content studies, science methods studies and links to science-related school projects or to science business/industry. A large number of innovative practices were described. In addition, several case studies were carried out, which focused on particular innovations. The study identified several aspects of science teacher education which were of concern.     

大学教育与人的全面发展

江泽民同志在庆祝中国共产党成立80周年的讲话中提出,要“努力促进”和“不断推进”人的全面发展,对照其讲话精神以及马克思关于人的全面发展理论,考察我国目前多数大学的教育,在许多方面还远不能适应人的全面发展要求,主要表现在“育人”与“制器”的矛盾、文理分离的问题、重视知识的获取忽视创新能力培养等方面。有鉴于此,我们应该把教育的最终目的定位于实现人的全面发展,努力培养出具有健全体格和人格、融科学与人文精神于一体的创新和实践能力俱佳的全面发展的高素质人才。     

论高校思想政治工作中的语言艺术

语言是人类最重要的交际工具.它是一门科学,也是一门艺术.加强自身的语言修养,并运用好语言艺术,是思想政治工作者做好师生思想教育工作的前提和重要手段.文章阐述了高校思想政治工作对语言艺术的五个方面要求,即:思想政治工作的语言必须情理结合、生动形象、有条有序、准确精炼、合乎情景,从而进一步说明了语言艺术在思想教育过程中的重要作用.     

论科学教育的人文价值及其实现

人价值是科学教育的本然价值。科学扎根于人的“生活世界”，科学与人息息相关。科学发展的每一步折射着人性的光辉，人在科学活动中表现出来的求实创新、造福人类、追求统一和谐统一和谐的精神是人之为人的特性的彰显与表征。理性主义否定了科学与人的关联，排斥了科学教育中的人价值。功利主义教育观的突显和应试教育的盛行导致了科学教育人价值的丧失，使科学教育成为了失掉一半的科学教育。科学教育应以素质教育为指导，促进人的精神完善。更新教学内容，增添蕴涵着人价值的科学史内容，穿插反映科学家人精神和科学精神的故事，开展科学、技术与社会（STS）教育。改革教学方法，重视探究学习，引导学生对科学中科学精神和道德审美价值的体认。完善教学评价内容和方式，既注意总结性评价，又要重视过程性评价，由过程性评价确定科学教育过程中学生人品性生成状况。     

Silencing and freedom of speech in UK higher education

Freedom of speech in universities is currently an issue of widespread concern and debate. Recent empirical findings in the UK shed some light on whether speech is unduly restricted in the university, but it suffers from two limitations. First, the results appear contradictory. Some studies show that the issue of free speech is overblown by media reportage, whilst others track serious concerns about free speech arising from certain university policies. Second, the findings exclude important issues concerning restrictions to speech on campus that fall outside the traditional debate around violations to free speech rights. This is particularly the case when certain voices are excluded from important policy conversations, and in issues around diversifying the curriculum. This article overcomes these two limitations by developing a novel conceptual framework within which to situate current debates concerning speech-related matters in universities. It does so by developing a taxonomy around the concept of ‘silencing’. It then considers the current issue of speech matters in universities within this framework to determine whether, and to what extent, speech is indeed unduly restricted, and where this is a concern for free speech violations, and where it falls outside this issue.     

提高公众科学素养与科学教育新理念

从公众科学素养的调查可见,科学教育仍然是提高公众科学素养的最基本的途径和最主要的手段。因此,科学教育的理念必须符合科学素养内涵与目标的变化与要求。这种新的理念主要是：理解科学的本质,建立科学教育整体性目标;强化通识教育,建立以适应与创新能力为核心价值的教育模式。     

论片面的科学教育及其危机

片面科学教育是科学教育的现实形态,完整的科学教育是其理想形态.中西方片面科学教育共同具有四种表现形式,即内容的片面性、方法的片面性、学科(或专业)的片面性和目的的片面性.片面科学教育不仅抑制学生创新能力,扭曲学生人格,而且加剧了科学危机以及由此带来的自然危机、社会危机和人性危机.     

科学教育与人文教育内在关联性探究

科学与人文发生严重分离,科学知识的灌输一直是我国教育的主导。科学教育与人文教育的分割与分离的弊端过强,严重影响了人才培养质量,客观上要求科学教育与人文教育必须达到新的融合。本文深入地考察了科学教育与人文教育融合的内在关联意义,提出既要培养具有人文关怀的科学精神,又要培养具有科学意识的人文精神的人才观念。     

普通话水平测试中“说话”测试的理论意义及现状分析

普通话水平测试中“说话”测试的理论意义在于,语言学、思维科学、信息学、心理学是“说话”的理论依托.“说话”测试的特点是主观性与客观性的统一.通过对普通话水平测试中应试人(学生)和测试员(教师)的实际状况进行分析,探讨目前“说话”测试的现状.     

Do we need more scientists? A long‐term view of patterns of participation in UK undergraduate science programmes

This paper reports the findings from an ESRC funded study which examined patterns of participation in higher education science programmes. Using data on applications and acceptances to university, the paper describes trends in the numbers of candidates who choose to study science and science‐related degree programmes in the UK over the last two decades. Two main findings emerge. The first shows that overall the sciences have retained their share of the undergraduate population during a period in which the sector has expanded rapidly. We find no evidence of a ‘swing’ from science. Indeed it is not the case that undergraduates are not studying science, rather, it is the type of science courses they are studying which has changed. The second finding suggests that large and small‐scale initiatives to increase recruitment to the sciences have had little lasting impact on the higher education participation data.     

科学教育与人文教育的误读与反思

当前，在我国传统人文精神自我消解、西方的人文精神没有移植进来的情况下，在科学教育蓬勃发展的映照下，使人产生人文教育式微是科学教育造成的错觉，造成了人们对我国科学教育与人文教育的现状的误读。从历史的维度、现实的维度、比较的维度剖析了我国目前的科学教育不是太多而是不足的问题，最后提出了科学教育与人文教育和谐发展的看法。     

美国基础科学教育改革及其主要特点--兼谈加强我国科学教育研究

美国20世纪80年代中期以来开展的新一轮基础科学教育改革，是60年代科学教育改革的继续和深化。其基本特点蕴含着值得我国科学教育改革借鉴的丰富经验，如科学教育改革得到全社会的支持，尤其是科学界和企业界的大力支持；科学课程改革具有系统性和配套措施；科学教育改革高度重视科学探究和科学教育的普及；尤其值得我们重视的是，美国科学教育改革有大量的科学教育理论研究的支持。     

自动语音识别技术在聋儿计算机辅助教学中的应用——聋儿言语训练软件的原型架构

自动语音识别(Automated speech Recognition)是一种将人的语音转化为文本的技术,它已被运用到了包括教育在内的众多领域,然而在聋儿言语训练领域的应用中却明显滞后。本文通过对采集到的大量聋儿言语信息进行筛选,基于对聋儿语音特点的深入研究,综合国内外先进的语音识别技术,从技术的角度,阐明了言语训练软件原型从前期准备、分析设计到最终架构完成的详细过程,并且创造性地提出了几点架构思路,尤其针对聋儿自身特点,实现了一些针对性强的功能。     

Models of Micro‐Organisms: Children’s knowledge and understanding of micro‐organisms from 7 to 14 years old

Current approaches to science‐technology‐society (STS) education focus primarily on the controversial socio‐scientific issues that arise from the application of science in modern technology. This paper argues for an interdisciplinary approach to STS education that embraces science, technology, history, and social and cultural studies. By employing a case study of traditional papermaking technology, it investigates how the interactions between technology and science can be explored in an authentic societal and cultural context across a historical time span. The term technology‐society‐science (TSS) is used to represent an alternative approach to linking technology, society, and science that aims to redress the imbalance between science and technology, and to resolve the tension between two diverging goals of STS education. The educational implications of this alternative approach to STS education are discussed.