Violence in schools and representations of young people: a critique of government policies in France and England

This paper examines media discourses in France and in Britain relating to young people, violence and disaffection in schools, setting these within the framework of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which emphasises young people’s participation rights. It analyses policy initiatives developed since 1997 in each country to address concerns about young people, disaffection and violence, examining these in the light of research evidence. It considers how public policies are variously shaped by research findings and by media representations. In France, attempts to reduce violence in schools have been accompanied by recognition that schools structurally produce disaffection and violence. In England there has been a shift in policy discourses. In 1997 the primary emphasis was social inclusion, but greater weight has since been given to the need to combat crime. (Male) youth disaffection is linked to crime. Policies addressing standards and achievement have been prioritised over policies to combat social exclusion. In both countries researchers and the media give particular attention to urban communities where minority ethnic communities live. Individual schools are labelled as failing and large numbers of young people are excluded or marginalised. In both countries minority ethnic students are over‐represented among those formally excluded from mainstream education and in the least popular, most stigmatised, schools and classes. Violence and disadvantage are effectively institutionalised. Discourses in each country are racialised and disaffection is associated with minorities. Yet both countries offer universalist rather than targeted policy responses. Opportunities for student participation in school decision‐making are limited.     

加拿大安大略省中小学课后托管模式探析

结合加拿大近年来青少年儿童放学后无人监管,身心健康水平不佳,低收入家庭和农村地区青少年儿童精神生活匮乏等状况,安大略省的课后托管项目经历从民间机构自发组织的模式到由政府主导、学区运行、第三方机构协作开展的模式,积累了丰富的经验,为我国解决“三点半难题”提供了借鉴参考。我国应参考安大略省的经验,在政府主导下建立全面的放学后服务体系,通过课后托管项目倡导健康的生活方式,确保所有青少年儿童都有机会享有高质量的放学后服务。     

School Choice Policies in England and the United States: An exploration of their origins and significance

This paper notes some similarities between school choice policies in England and the US and considers how far any convergences can be explained, on the one hand, by broader social changes and, on the other, by evidence of policy exchange. In the first case, it discusses the usefulness of concepts such as post-Fordism and post-modernity and indicates their limitations. In the second case, it identifies relevant neoliberal policy networks within and between the two countries but finds more evidence of the use of overseas examples to legitimate policies at home than it does of direct policy borrowing. Reflecting upon both sets of explanations, it argues for a clearer conceptualisation of the relationship between accounts of the micro-politics of policy making and macro-level theories of change.     

英国"国家再培训计划"的背景、实施及启示

英国的"国家再培训计划"作为《工业战略:建设适应未来的英国》人才战略的核心举措之一,旨在支持英国成年人,尤其是就业失意成年人重新获得未来发展所需要的职业技能,找到更好的工作岗位,并满足行业企业及科技变革对创新型高素质技术技能人才的需求."国家再培训计划"实施以来取得了显著效果,为英国走在世界工业前列提供了人力支撑.我国正在实施《中国制造2025》规划,《国家职业教育改革实施方案》正在深入推进,对英国"国家再培训计划"背景及实施情况进行深入探究,可为我国职业教育与培训事业的发展提供借鉴.     

The uses of affect in education: Chilean government policies

This article draws attention to the uses of affect to produce specific subjectivities and moralities in educational policies. It highlights the connections between specific ideas of the educated subject, the family role presented in governmental educational policies in Chile, and the ways these ideas are linked to the subjectivities and communities which the market requires to function. My argument is that with different intensities, affect regulation has become a strategic component of a government that articulates the relation between ‘right ways to behave at home’ and ‘school success’. As a result, affect makes conservative cultural dispositions look natural. I use discourse analysis to show how these policies use affect to control and monitor behaviors and personal relations, as well circulating cultural logics and ideological structures. I analyze one particular document to show how affect does not work through meanings per se; rather, it circulates productive ideas of families, students' behaviors, and social and cultural frames to organize a ‘good life’.     

英国"国家再培训计划"的背景、实施及启示

英国的"国家再培训计划"作为《工业战略:建设适应未来的英国》人才战略的核心举措之一,旨在支持英国成年人,尤其是就业失意成年人重新获得未来发展所需要的职业技能,找到更好的工作岗位,并满足行业企业及科技变革对创新型高素质技术技能人才的需求."国家再培训计划"实施以来取得了显著效果,为英国走在世界工业前列提供了人力支撑.我国正在实施《中国制造2025》规划,《国家职业教育改革实施方案》正在深入推进,对英国"国家再培训计划"背景及实施情况进行深入探究,可为我国职业教育与培训事业的发展提供借鉴.     

后殖民主义与新时期影视

20世纪90年代之后，许多学者对西方后殖民主义对中国新时期影视的影响表现了一定的担扰，提出了解决的办法。     

Contested spaces: trans-inclusive school policies and parental sovereignty in Canada

ABSTRACT

This article analyses five public consultation meetings about revisions to an LGBTQ-related school board policy on unceded Coast Salish territory in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. These meetings focused largely on the new provision that students in publicly funded schools be allowed to use the washroom that corresponds with their gender identity. Almost all of the objections to the policy revisions were articulated by parents of non-queer, or not openly queer students. We found that these parental concerns centred around two perennial issues in Canadian educational studies; namely, how schools regulate students’ gender identities and expressions, and the role of the state in publicly funded schooling. We conclude by drawing upon emerging literature on best practices for trans youth in schools to offer alternative visions for how these issues can be better addressed with the public, and parents in particular.     

Copyright Laws and Fair Use in the Digital Era: Implications for Distance-Education Programs in Community Colleges

Practical information on the necessity for community colleges, instructors, and students to understand and abide by the copyright laws is essential. Whether developing, structuring, maintaining, or presenting courses, or instructing students on the development of their own papers, one must be knowledgeable about plagiarism, the Fair Use Act, and the Technology, Education, and Copyright Harmonization Act. Violations of the copyright laws can result in legal fees, awarding of compensation, loss of a position, and prison time.