全面整合学前儿童服务体系——走向“保教一体化”的英国学前教育

英国于20世纪90年代末期启动了全面整合学前儿童服务体系的改革进程。本文聚焦这一改革,从立法、行政、管理、服务标准等维度进行概括和梳理,以期勾勒其基本面貌并分析其面临的挑战。     

韩国幼儿教育的法律规制及启示

韩国幼儿教育呈现出“教育预算重点倾斜、私立园是主要承担者、师资性别比例均衡”的发展格局。依循“国家负责”的立法理念,韩国幼儿教育的法律规制,重在确立政府的组织、保障与监管职责,保障幼儿的受教育权与隐私权,确立教师法律身份及其权益保障制度,形成家庭教育与幼儿园教育的合力。借鉴其规制理念,实现良法善治,我国学前教育立法应明确组建学前教育专职领导机构,尊重和扶持民办园的发展;确立儿童生活记录制度,保护儿童在园的隐私安全;建立幼儿教师法律身份的制度保障体系,创设吸引男性从事幼教的机制;结合儿童权利保护需求,构建家长教育的社会支持体系。     

“I’m Going to Israel and All I Need to Pack Is My Imagination”: Pretend Trips to Israel in Jewish Early Childhood Education

ABSTRACT

This article examines the practice of pretend Israel trips in Jewish early childhood education. Jewish early childhood educators who work in markedly different preschool settings, and who have differing beliefs about Israel and Israel education, nonetheless converge on a practice of pretend trips to Israel that remains remarkably stable across settings. This article examines how and why these pretend trips have become part of the “grammar” of Jewish early childhood education, illuminating a practice that is simultaneously beloved and unsatisfying for Jewish early childhood educators who care about early childhood education and Israel education.     

美国幼儿教师专业准备标准述评

制定和实施幼儿教师专业准备标准是促进幼儿教师专业发展的重要策略,也是提高幼儿教师教育质量的基础性工作。美国幼儿教师专业准备标准要求教师能够促进幼儿的发展和学习;能够构建与家庭和社区的良好关系;能够观察、记录和评价,以支持幼儿和家庭的发展;能够运用适宜、有效的方法联系儿童和家庭;能够运用内容知识建构有意义的课程,并成为一名专业者。美国幼儿教师专业准备标准的编制具有民主性和发展性的特点,其内容具有全面性和时代性的特点,其用途具有广泛性和实用性的特点。     

提高幼小衔接阶段幼儿心理能力的对策

关注幼小衔接是当今幼儿教育研究的一个热门课题.提高幼儿心理能力成为了幼小衔接的关键.文章尝试根据幼儿教育心理学的有关知识及幼小衔接的相关要求,结合学龄前期幼儿的特点,探索如何提高幼儿心理能力,养成良好学习习惯,完成幼小衔接.     

Early Intervention Programs in Korea for Children with Disabilities

A national survey of 53 early childhood special education teachers in Korea was conducted to investigate their knowledge and perceptions regarding various aspects of kindergarten and preschool programs for children with disabilities. Results from the study indicated that (a) children in the age range of 3 to 7 years were the group most frequently served by early childhood special education in Korea, (b) teachers reported infrequent assessment and scarcity of curriculum resources, (c) most teachers reported using a self- or school-developed curriculum, and (d) confusion exists regarding the concept and use of the Individualised Education Program (IEP). Because of a somewhat lower than expected teacher response rate further study is needed to determine if the results of this study are representative of programs nationally. Also, evaluative steps should be taken to ensure that curricula are appropriate for the various ages and types of learners. Likewise, research is needed to identify those factors that facilitate inclusion of children with disabilities in their schools and communities with peers as early childhood special education programs expand.     

Building a Literacy Community: The Role of Literacy and Social Practice in Early Childhood Programs

This article reports findings from two qualitatively based studies, one conducted at an urban preschool in Northern California and the other at a rural Head Start Center in the Midwest. By presenting detailed data from the two preschool sites, the article describes several ways to strengthen existing literacy practices for children, families, and teachers in both urban and rural early childhood settings. The studies focus on such critical aspects of child and family literacy development as ownership and inclusion, raising important issues for practice and policy in early childhood literacy and language education.     

我国幼儿教师专业化发展探论

文章通过对当前幼儿教师专业化发展的制度操作、实践操作、观念意识三个制约层面的分析,提出"健全幼儿教育政策法规;加大国家对幼儿教师教育的投入,提升幼儿教师生存质量;采用‘开放型’幼儿教师培养、培训模式;去除幼儿教师在思想观念上的模糊认识"四大应对策略。     

美国幼儿教育项目有效性的评价及启示:基于LPI研究报告

2019年1月,美国LPI发布了《幼儿教育有效性的实证性依据:对政策制定者的启示》,该报告分析了美国近期开展的21个幼儿教育项目及其评估报告,系统评价了不同幼儿教育项目的有效性。发现,高质量幼儿教育项目支持幼儿的有效性学习,其对幼儿参与者的影响具有持续性、多维性,并能带来一定的社会经济收益,但幼儿教育项目在实施过程中也存在研究对象不确定、其他因素对幼儿参与者的影响不明确等问题。借鉴LPI的研究成果,我国幼儿教育质量评价应从实际出发,改进幼儿教育质量评级政策,关注幼儿教育质量评级标准与工具的有效性,建立幼儿教育项目评价长效机制,不断提升我国幼儿教育质量评价的有效性。     

幼教工作者对特殊幼儿融合教育问题的态度和意见的调查研究

为了解普通幼儿园工作者对特殊幼儿融合教育问题的态度和意见,本文对174名教师和保育员进行问卷调查,主要发现:(1)幼教工作者对特殊幼儿有一定的了解,但不够深入;(2)幼教工作者以及普通幼儿家长在保障师资、设备以及教育方式的情况下,更乐意接受特殊幼儿进入普通幼儿园;(3)幼教工作者认为学前阶段实施特殊教育最需解决的问题依次为师资问题、设备问题、家长观念、教师观念、经费问题以及专设督导机构问题。     

Teaching Toward Freedom: Early Childhood Education and the Challenges Ahead

This article examines issues surrounding the recruitment and employment of men in early childhood education, including special education, child care, and preschool through primary grade classrooms. Earlier research from the United States, Canada, and Australia concerning men in early education is reviewed. Issues discussed include the limitations of traditional gender roles, concerns of homosexuality, fear of sexual abuse accusations, salaries, and isolation. Initiating dialogue, identifying and remedying prejudices and practices that favor women, and activating support networks are among the activities suggested to increase the number of male teachers in early childhood classrooms.     

农村幼儿教育多样化办学形式的利与弊——以云南省腾冲县农村为例

大力发展幼儿教育,特别是农村幼儿教育已经成为我国当前教育发展的重要任务.由于政府投入不足,目前农村幼儿教育的办学形式虽然多样化,主要包括个人出资兴办的私立幼儿园、乡镇中心幼儿园、附属各村小学的幼儿园、学前班等,但这些学前教育机构大多是私立的.多样化的办学形式一方面有利于利用社会闲散资金满足人民群众日益增长的对学前教育的需求,另一方面由于缺乏规范化管理,也存在教育质量低下、小学化倾向严重、教师待遇差等诸多问题.为促进农村幼儿教育事业的健康发展,我国各级政府既应继续鼓励多样化办学,又应加大对农村幼儿教育的财政投入,加强对农村幼儿教育机构的管理和监督.     

关于幼儿德育的若干理论思考

幼儿德育是幼儿教育的重要组成部分，是学校德育和终身教育的基础。本文从幼儿德育的定义、价值观、内容、途径和方法等方面探讨幼儿德育的若干理论问题。     

Legacy of British Colonial Early Childhood Education

This article examines early childhood educationin Hong Kong from three perspectives: historical, socio-economic, and educational development. Each perspective highlights different issues and problems in the development of early childhood education. The historical perspective identifies some major events and their influence on the formulation of educational policies particularly at pre-school level. The social-economicperspective considers education as the means toachieve economic development, which is whythe amount of resources allocated is closelylinked with the future needs of the economy;therefore preschool education has long beenneglected in Hong Kong. The educationaldevelopment perspective reflects the Hong Konggovernment's expectations for education, and thereview of the educational policies helpsunderstand the development of pre-schooleducation. Analysis of some historicalbackground and current trends of early childhoodeducation development, highlight possible future developments of early childhood education in Hong Kong, particularly after the reunification with her motherland, China, in 1997.     

Mischief-making of one kind/and another: unruliness and resistance in rural preschoolers' free play

While many contemporary popular cultural discourses in the USA recognise and commodify children as distinct persons engaging in the middle-class project of expressive individuation, much public and early educational policy has simultaneously intensified the control and regulation of children, children’s culture and children’s bodies and emotions in early education settings. Prout suggests that late modern schooling might be characterised by ‘practices directed at greater surveillance, control and regulation of children’ (304). This ethnographic study of a group of three-, four- and five-year-old children in a rural New England community preschool setting explores rural children’s lived experiences resisting control and navigating contradiction through unruly, mischievous games and free play. This unruliness is situated in the context of escalating academic demands in early childhood education and resistant rural community culture(s).     

Reforming Preschool to Ready Children for Academic Achievement: A Case Study of the Impact of Pre-K Reform on the Issue of School Readiness

Research Findings: Policymakers preschool reforms that are to prepare young children for school success have sparked important conversations within the field of early childhood education over how these programs are to ready young children for school. This article presents findings from a case study that examined this issue of school readiness across a collection of pre-k programs. Doing so illustrates how preschool reforms can impact early childhood stakeholders' understanding of school readiness, what it is they do with their students in their programs, and why. Practice or Policy: These findings demonstrate how policymakers' pre-k reforms can tighten the link between preschool and elementary school in a way that prioritizes the goals of K-12 education systems. They also suggest that for those who want to expand the construct of school readiness they should do so in a way that addresses and recognizes the challenges pre-k stakeholders in local contexts face on a day-to-day basis. For policymakers, there appears to be an opportunity and willingness within the ECE community for preschool reform. They should take advantage of this willingness for change by considering policy solutions that value the complexity of the child and of the field of early education itself.     

Mathematics in Early Childhood: Research-Based Rationale and Practical Strategies

Mathematics education is a critical part of the curriculum for students worldwide. The foundation for understanding mathematical concepts related to number sense begins early in life, and early childhood classrooms can provide the seeds for mathematical skills that will be needed later in life. In this article, the authors make a case for meaningful and developmentally appropriate mathematics experiences for young children in diverse early learning settings. Instructional and curricular methods inspired by the Reggio Emilia Approach are described as effective ways to teach number concepts to young children from preschool through primary age. Strategies for teachers of young learners are presented in order to strengthen the mathematics curriculum in contemporary early learning settings. The authors’ analysis and recommendations are informed by their extensive experiences including studies in Reggio Emilia early childhood settings (infant toddler, preschool, and primary schools) and their work in early childhood teacher education at their respective universities.     

晚清幼儿师资培育及其职业化历程

晚清幼儿师资职业化经历了立足于本土、不断积累、逐步获得突破的演进历程。本文梳理了晚清幼儿师资的来源,整理了清政府主动采取本土改造、＂引进来、走出去＂等措施培养幼儿师资的政策,描述了晚清有识之士从＂女子无才便是德＂到＂兴女学＂培育幼儿师资的立场转变,并介绍了晚清幼儿师资职业化发展的历程。     

The System of Development Programmes on Pre-School and School Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article addresses preschool education as an integral part of the general education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article describes problems related to preschool and certain areas of school development, such as early childhood development, communication, socialisation, creative thinking and leadership. The three studies described below illustrate efforts to increase the early literacy of low-income pre-schoolers: Training child care providers to implement early literacy curriculum, comparing materials and coaching to support early literacy, and assessing the impact of a statewide multipronged teacher support strategy to improve early literacy. Consequently, high school has a powerful potential for developing the leadership potential of students. Because further development of society depends on people with innovative thinking, imagination, and different ideas, there is a need for an ability as well as opportunity to develop leadership within school in order to allow students to see life prospects, to achieve specific goals, and to learn independently.     

Developing Professional Early Childhood Educators in England and Hungary: Where Has All the Love Gone?

European education agendas have emphasized the importance of early childhood education in providing the foundations for lifelong learning. Central to the success of early childhood education is the quality of provision, with the workforce being key. While qualifications levels are frequently cited as important for the quality of provision here we ask questions of the attitudinal competences required to work in early childhood in two countries: England and Hungary. This paper presents a mixed-method study that considers the attitudinal competences perceived as needed by early childhood students and how these are acquired. We focus on the role of love in early childhood education and the contrasting perceptions and experiences in England and Hungary. In Hungary love is spoken about freely, but in England managerialist and entrepreneurial discourses are creating tensions with more emotional dispositions of being caring, supportive, and empathic that early childhood practitioners uphold. In Hungary, early childhood educators are given relative autonomy in their professional roles and love is a key characteristic. We consider historical, philosophical, and political developments in the two countries to shed light on how English and Hungarian perspectives have diverged, while exploring opportunities that comparing perspectives offers for the further professional development of early childhood educators.