比较教育中的教育政策借鉴理论

如何学习借鉴外国教育政策和实践一直是国际与比较教育研究领域的一个核心主题。本文研究了教育政策借鉴的方法和案例,提出了教育政策借鉴过程中的四步模型,即外国教育吸引力,及与之而来的教育决策、实施和内化/本土化。这一模型仍需不同国家的实践来检验、修改和完善。     

The Politics of Education Policy Borrowing

Cross-national policy borrowing rarely has much to do with the success, however, defined, of the institutional realisation of particular policies in their countries of origin; rather, it has much more to do with legitimating other related policies. On the other hand, active policy borrowing involving the appropriation of identifiable aspects of another country's policy solutions, including ways of implementing and administering them, is more likely when there is some synchrony between the characteristics of the different education systems involved and the dominant political ideologies promoting reform within them.     

教育政策借用:必要性、可行性及其过程

教育政策借用是指一国对他国已有教育政策的引入。教育政策借用有其必要性和可行性,教育政策借用的过程包括产生动机、作出决策、实施和本土化四个阶段。     

Education Policy Borrowing: Professional Standards for School Leaders in China

Abstract

Realizing there is a global policy convergence that emphasizes the standardized key qualities of and expectations for “successful” school leaders, this article provides an in-depth analysis on the initiation of the Professional Standards for Compulsory Schools Principals (Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China 2013 Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China. 2013, February 16. Notice of Introducing the Professional Standards for Compulsory Schools Principals. Available at: http://www.moe.edu.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s7148/201302/xxgk_147899.html [Google Scholar]) in China. Using policy borrowing as an analytical framework, this study sheds light on critical questions concerning why this standards-based leadership policy is borrowed, and how this policy document responds to local Chinese contexts. In alignment with an understanding of national policy across the local-global nexus, which is derived from critical policy analysis, this study uncovers the influences of global leadership discourses on its formation. It also focuses on the ways in which neoliberal ideology and Chinese sociocultural contexts have intertwined, and how this negotiates and shapes this policy. Finally, this article concludes that the introduction of this initiative suggests China’s efforts in its quest for a world-class education system, through the standardization of school leaders’ practices, which is both locally and internationally situated. It argues that while understanding the contested positions on standards-based policies around the globe, China did not blindly borrow this policy from “the West,” but rather employs it as a strategy for legislation, to reposition itself in the global order and gain broader international recognition.     

教育政策借鉴的四步模型研究:以南非“结果本位”教育改革为例

教育政策借鉴的四步模型理论将借鉴的过程分为跨国吸引、决策、实施、内化/本土化四个阶段。应用该理论解析南非结果本位教育改革案例,揭示了南非教育借鉴的复杂过程和核心要素。南非的案例则丰富了四步模型理论的背景分析,拓展了行动者的活动范围,体现出基础设施对教育借鉴的影响。     

政策借鉴与传播：构建比较政策学的核心研究领域

本文主要以概览的视角回顾了在教育政策借鉴与传播（policy borrowing and lending）研究中的主要议题和趋势。政策借鉴与传播是一个在学术上依托于比较教育学和公共政策学的研究领域。在比较教育学中,针对“旅行式改革”（travelling reforms）、全球化教育政策的探索是一个经久不衰的研究课题。本文主要描述了政策借鉴与传播研究领域的历史,并讨论了四个新的研究趋势：第一,由双边框架向国际标准框架的转变;第二,学者们开始关注各国系统与个案背后的逻辑;第三,政策图景（policyscapes）概念对研究方法论的启示;第四,政策映射研究,即借鉴他国教育政策时的本土解读。     

Policy Issues Surrounding Processes of Centralization and Decentralization in European Education Systems

Four levels of authority within the educational decision‐making structure in seven European countries and states for primary and lower secondary education are analyzed. Next, the results of an investigation on loci, domains and modes of decision making are presented, indicating a slightly higher degree of school autonomy in England/Wales, the Netherlands and Sweden than in the other countries and states. A more evaluative assessment shows that democratization, market orientation, recession and general aims of improving the quality and equality of education are important background forces in shifting patterns of centralization and decentralization in the investigated countries and states.     

比较教育的借鉴困境与超越

对很多人而言,借鉴是比较教育活动存在的主要依据。但从其借鉴的现实效果和逻辑困难来看,借鉴都超越了其前提和目的。比较教育的发展从20世纪初开始逐渐超越借鉴,后经新兴民族国家的主体觉醒,超越了借鉴主体间的不平等关系。而国际理解教育和多元文化主义的倡导则超越了比较教育的借鉴以国家为前提的分析单位。如果比较教育的发展要走向新的阶段和方向,就必须回到学科产生时的原点,超越借鉴的理想目的,以导向比较教育的根本宗旨和使命。     

澳大利亚的HECS经验--我国高等教育可以借鉴的高校收付费体制

高等学校作为培养高素质人才的重要阵地,其改革和发展的成败直接影响整个社会的发展.近年来,资金问题已经成为困扰高校发展的主要问题,很多国家在高教领域内的投资及高校本身收费体制等方面进行了改革.本文剖析澳大利亚HECS模式后认为,中国高校可以借鉴澳大利亚高校收费体制改革的经验,建立自己的高校收付费体制,以便在一定程度上缓解困扰中国高校发展的资金问题和大学贫困生失学问题.     

借喻借代之争说明了什么

横跨两个世纪的借喻与借代的异同之争,掩盖着三个深刻的理论问题：一是比喻的相似性与借代的相关性是事物本身的客观属性,而非语言的属性,体现在思维中,则是一个求“真”的认识论或认知心理学问题,而非语言学问题;二是修辞学的研究客体≠研究对象,二者应有明确的区分;三是修辞内外结构的复杂性决定了辞格层次的复杂性,故应对修辞规律(广义辞格)、方法技巧(对辞格的能动把握)进行清理整顿,以建立有序的类聚系统。     

我国比较教育研究中借鉴问题的反思--从后殖民理论角度出发

随着全球化和后殖民时代的到来,以及西方后殖民主义理论在世界范围的蔓延,对比较教育研究中的借鉴问题提出了质疑和挑战.我国比较教育研究不能以保护自己的文化免于西方侵犯为由,拒绝借鉴,借鉴仍是我国当前比较教育研究的首要目的.在后殖民主义的影响下,借鉴的主体、内容、对象、方式等应有所变化.     

义务教育阶段教师流动政策的发展历程与完善策略探究

义务教育阶段教师流动政策是义务教育教师流动的根本依据。通过对义务教育阶段教师流动政策的梳理,以单向流动、双向流动和平行流动三种流动类型为维度,可将教师流动政策分为起步、发展和成熟三个阶段。现阶段政策虽已发展到成熟阶段,但还不够完善,我们需要在流动政策的制定与执行中增加人文关怀,合理调控流动政策的各项要素,制定完善的配套政策,健全教师流动监督机制。     

Education and Policy: Changing Paradigms and Issues

The aim of the article is to consider the treatment of education and policy in the International Review of Education between 1955 and 2001. The article focuses on the changing prominence given to various topics in education and policy in IRE during the period and the way conceptual thinking in this area has changed and developed. An attempt is made to link both the shifts in focus on various educational planning policy themes and issues, and the major paradigm shifts in the area, to the changes in perceived education and policy needs and problems in each decade during the period.     

Education and Policy: Changing Paradigms and Issues

The aim of the article is to consider the treatment of education and policy in the International Review of Education between 1955 and 2001. The article focuses on the changing prominence given to various topics in education and policy in IRE during the period and the way conceptual thinking in this area has changed and developed. An attempt is made to link both the shifts in focus on various educational planning policy themes and issues, and the major paradigm shifts in the area, to the changes in perceived education and policy needs and problems in each decade during the period.     

Learning and Teaching Processes in Electrical Engineering Education

The modification of the various engineering curricula to permit adequate preparation of students in a four-year program for careers in a rapidly changing technology of ever increasing complexity is one of the chief concerns of the engineering educator. It is generally felt that a more scientifically oriented curriculum than has been customary in the past will provide a more efficient and more effective undergraduate program. The actual realization of increased efficiency and effectiveness requires a great deal of careful thought and some bold experimentation with curricula. Some considerations in this connection are set forth. In particular, it is held that unification of subject matter, whenever possible, is of primary importance in realizing greater efficiency and effectiveness, and means whereby the scientific bases for engineering may be employed to achieve unity are suggested. In this connection certain tasks that belong uniquely to the teacher are pointed out..