明代建文朝被革除的由来

在中国历史上,改朝换代是常有的事,但无论如何兴亡隆替,有关前代的历史记载却并不断绝,且常有因革之朝为前代修史,即便是天人共弃的无道暴君,也只是革其命但不革其位号,于是有位号则有纪年,有政令则有实录,自春秋以来一直如此,自古及今,从未间断.惟有明代的建文朝是一例外.它存在四年,但在明成祖朱棣“靖难”胜利之后即被革除,使其从历史记载中生生消失,使建文朝很多问题至今没有定论,形成诸多遗案.数百年来,众说纷纭,屡屡成为史学家们的热门话题.那么,建文朝是如何被革除的呢？     

Why heritage counts: researching the historic environment

The role of English Heritage in commissioning new research into the historic environment is considered. The place of research within the organization and the priorities for research as highlighted in the proposed English Heritage Research Strategy are set out. Research commissioned or carried out by English Heritage covers a wide range of areas, from archaeology and buildings history to applied conservation research. However, the focus of the article is on research that addresses social, economic and policy issues. Work that has been carried out by English Heritage in three areas is explored: the economic value of heritage investment; issues of social inclusion and access to heritage; and analysis of the threats faced by the historic environment and the resources available to address these threats. A key driver for this research activity is the annual Heritage Counts report produced by English Heritage on behalf of the wider heritage sector.     

“抓周”漫谈

抓周,又称“试周”、“试儿”、“周晬”或“试晬”,是古代民间较为盛行的一种习俗,即在小孩满一周岁时,大人将日常用品摆放在孩子的面前,在无人指导的情况下,由其任意抓取,并根据最先抓到的物品来预测他将来的前途和兴趣。这一习俗至今在我国许多省区仍很流行。     

First contact: Initial responses to cultural disequilibrium in a short term teaching exchange program

This paper examines early aspects of intercultural learning among pre-service teachers from Japan and the United States during a short-term international exchange program. Using insights from Taylor's (1994) theory of intercultural development, the research uses qualitative methodology to describe experiences of cultural disequilibrium and various responses to disequilibrium by participants in the exchange. Findings suggest a range of related sources of cultural disequilibrium across culture groups. Eight strategic responses to disequilibrium are identified, and implications for early engagements with cultural difference for beginning teachers are discussed. The research seeks to clarify the role that short term immersion experiences can play in the understanding and development of early intercultural competence and to identify connections between such experiences and teacher education.     

南京明孝陵

明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋与马皇后的陵墓，地处东经118度51分，北纬32度4分，坐落在南京市东郊的紫金山(又名钟山)南麓独龙阜玩珠峰下，今属南京市中山陵园风景区。     

历史烟尘中的“稷下学宫”

在鲁中地区的临淄,有一座被称为世界历史上第一所大学的＂稷下学宫＂。尽管经过了两千多年的岁月沧桑,但是它在历史长河中曾经的辉煌和灿烂,依然光彩夺目。