供应链融资的供应商与制造商委托代理激励机制研究

供应链融资的中小型供应商和核心型制造商之间,物料供应合约归结为委托代理激励合约。在信息对称情况下,核心制造企业通过设计线性激励,使供应商达到帕累托最优努力水平,并且能够实现制造商收益和供应商成本损失之间的帕累托最优均衡。在信息非对称情况下,制造商通过设计线性激励,以付出最小代理成本为代价,使供应商选择最优努力水平的同时承担一定份额的风险,能够实现制造商和供应商期望收益效用最大化。     

非对称信息下供应链赊销交易中的最优契约机制

考虑一个处于强势地位的销售商与一个拥有私人成本信息的供应商组成的二级供应链。基于不知情销售商的视角,建立了能够真实揭示供应商生产成本信息的逆向选择模型,并对最优赊销契约机制的特征进行了分析。结果表明:为了诱导供应商真实报告自身信息,高效率供应商获得了额外的信息租金;为减少该信息租金,销售商提供给低效率供应商的最优赊销契约存在扭曲,且扭曲程度与两类供应商生产成本的差距以及销售商对高效率供应商的事前信念有关。     

两层供应链制造商创新投资协调研究 /FONT /P

合约的不完全性直接导致两级供应链上制造商创新投资套牢问题。在信息对称时,通过增加合约重谈机制,双方能够在一定程度上弥补不完全性。当合约用来促进供应链上下游企业间交易并且制造商从事成本降低投资时,由于存在套牢问题一般不能执行供应链最优的投资水平。通过设计协调机制,即签订初始合约并允许事后重谈可以激励制造商达到供应链最优投资水平并且给出初始合约。最后针对一个特例给出了更加具体的结果并通过数值算例对研究结果做了说明。     

基于收益分享契约的创新性产品供应链研发投入决策模型

引入与研发投入相关的研发成本函数和研发成功概率,分析集成供应链的最优决策。建立一个离散供应链中零售商与作为研发主体的供应商之间收益分享竞争模型,分析其均衡解。在此基础上,讨论目标研发投入水平奖励契约,在协调供应链的同时,实现在成员之间任意分配期望收益。     

考虑顾客止步行为和促销努力的VMI供应链协调

把顾客止步行为引入到具有促销努力的VMI供应链中,研究消费者止步行为和促销努力的VMI供应链协调问题.结果显示:单纯依靠批发价格契约无法协调该VMI供应链,然而,通过引入零售商分担滞销成本和供应商分担促销成本的策略,批发价格契约能够完美协调供应链.进一步证明当随机市场需求是努力水平的加法形式时,顾客的止步行为对VMI供应链系统期望收益产生负面影响,但对供应链系统的最优库存量和最优努力水平却没有必然的正负影响.     

供应中断风险下链与链竞争的博弈分析

突发事件造成的供应中断已经引起越来越多的重视。研究在信息不对称和供应中断风险下分别由一个供应商和一个零售商组成的两条供应链之间产量竞争问题。对合作竞争博弈、混合竞争博弈、非合作竞争博弈这三种情况下的最优订货量和期望收益进行分析和求解,讨论在收益共享契约和奖励-惩罚契约下决策者的选择,得出供应链协调的条件。     

基于价格与服务竞争的供应链收益分配模型的研究

考虑一个包含一个供应商和两个零售商的供应链系统,两个零售商间存在价格和服务的竞争。首先利用信息博弈的相关知识,研究了在信息完全对称的环境下,分散决策和集中决策情形中供应链各成员的最优收益,并得到在两种不同的决策策略下,零售商间所选择的销售价格与服务水平相同。然后通过比较两种决策下的收益情况,得出集中决策策略将使得供应链达到整体最优状态。最后研究了如何通过供应链收益分配策略使得供应链整体最优。     

促销努力和生产不确定下的VMI契约研究

本文在促销努力影响市场需求和具有生产不确定的VMI供应链下,先后分析了集中和分散控制下供应商和销售商的决策问题,讨论了生产不确定对供应商潜在成本和决策的影响,并建立了销量回扣和回购相结合的契约模型。在此基础上,分析了契约对销售商、供应商决策以及整体供应链收益的影响,研究表明契约能够促使销售商增加促销努力和订货量,供应商增加计划生产量,从而改善供应链的收益,并提出了进一步实现供应链最优收益水平的途径。最后,通过数值分析验证了本文的结论。     

损失规避型制造商的契约机制研究

通过构建损失规避型制造商的收益共享契约模型,给出了制造商分别为风险中性和损失规避时的最优批发价格和收益共享系数的范围,分析了损失规避度对供应链协调的影响.当需求服从均匀分布时,只要损失规避度不超过一定值,供应链就能实现协调.算例分析结果表明:采用收益共享契约机制后,损失规避情况下的制造商期望收益有较为明显的增加,此时供应链中的供应商也可获得更多的利润,实现了交易双方的"双赢".     

平台供应链金融下的订货与融资决策研究

现阶段,如何引导广大平台企业开展和创新供应链金融服务,并发挥平台供应链金融优势助力实现普惠金融,已成为政府和社会各界关注的重点问题。本文构建了由两级供应商和平台企业组成的三级供销模型,在该模型中假设上游原料供应商有随机产出,上下游供应商资金均受限,平台可提供融资服务,得出了两级供应商的最优订货量、产量和融资决策,以及平台企业是否提供融资服务选择决策。研究表明,平台供应链金融模式能提升供应链订货量、产量,进而提升供应商收益;而且相较于传统的银行融资模式,平台供应链金融模式也能进一步提高平台自身收益。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.