物化溢出、纯知识溢出与生产率——基于中国制造业实证

区分物化溢出和纯知识溢出,首次就中国28个制造业行业间RD溢出对全要素生产率的影响进行了实证分析。我们发现,无论是物化还是纯知识我国制造业行业间RD溢出均显著促进了行业全要素生产率的增长,但纯知识溢出大于物化溢出。进一步的分解中,我们发现促进作用主要来源行业间自筹RD的溢出,行业间获取的政府资助RD对行业全要素生产率溢出效应不显著。     

高技术产业技术溢出效应的实证研究

利用面板数据模型和普通最小二乘回归方程组以北京为例对高技术产业进行比较实证研究.研究结果表明,研发投入强度对于行业技术进步有决定性作用,同时研发投入能够强化行业间产品创新的技术溢出;行业的人力资本的投入有利于提升对市场技术知识存量溢出的吸收能力;基于行业间的新产品模仿创新的技术溢出效应对于行业全要素生产率和技术效率有显著作用;从行业间关系看,偏基础性行业的技术溢出效应较大.     

制造业技术进步中的贸易开放和竞争——基于江苏制造业面板数据的经验研究

本文运用基于Malmquist指数法的数据包络分析(DEA)模型解析了江苏制造业28个部门全要素生产率的技术进步以及技术效率变化,进一步分析了贸易开放、贸易竞争和人力资本对制造业技术进步和技术效率的影响。研究发现,近年来江苏制造业技术进步效应有所放缓,资本密集型和技术密集型行业的技术进步或技术效率改进对全要素生产率增长的作用显著;贸易开放主要通过技术进步效应作用于全要素生产率增长,而贸易竞争力则主要通过技术效率改进作用于全要素生产率增长,江苏省制造业的全要素生产率增长目前还主要受到资本深化所带来的技术效率改进的影响。     

国内R＆D、对外开放技术外溢与地区全要素生产率差距

利用我国各个省市1993-2008年的全要素生产率、对外开放技术溢出指标、国内R&D的相应数据,通过实证分析发现:国内研发支出和对外开放技术外溢对于技术进步均起了重要的促进作用,但国内研发支出对区域全要素生产率的影响要远远高于后者,国内研发差距也是造成地区全要素生产率差异的主要原因,各省市的对外开放技术溢出差异,并不是地区全要素生产率产生差异的原因.     

外商直接投资和国内投资的行业溢出效应

根据我国1999-2007年制造业27个行业样本数据,运用面板数据分析方法,研究我国外商直接投资和国内投资的行业溢出效应。研究发现FDI的投资效率较高,对行业全要素生产率的系数为正,但是其技术溢出能力水平低,容易形成技术壁垒,不利于行业生产率的提高;而国内投资对行业生产率提高虽然有一定的负面作用,但是其技术容易扩散,溢出水平高,有利于行业生产率进步;另外,FDI对行业生产率水平较低的行业正面作用明显,而行业生产率水平较高的行业,国内投资的负向作用降低效果大。     

FDI与江苏民营制造业全要素生产率的改进——基于Malmquist生产率指数

本文利用2000—2007年江苏省分行业面板数据,考察了FDI技术溢出对江苏民营制造业的影响。实证结果表明:民营制造业全要素生产率指数年均增长率7.7%,技术变动是全要素生产率增长的根本原因;行业内水平技术溢出、前向关联溢出和后向关联溢出通过促进技术变动,推动了全要素生产率的增长;技术效率反而在一定程度上影响了全要素生产率的增长。后向关联溢出能显著地提升纯技术效率,而水平技术溢出则有利于规模效率的改进。     

产业聚集与中国城市全要素生产率

本文基于2003-2012年中国285个地级及以上城市数据,运用计量分析方法研究了产业聚集与全要素生产率之间的关系。理论分析表明,产业聚集促进全要素生产率提升的作用机制在于：知识或技术溢出和技术创新成果扩散。实证分析显示,（1）制造业聚集和生产性服务业聚集均有助于促进全要素生产率提升,但生产性服务业聚集的促进作用更大。并且,制造业聚集主要通过促进技术进步来提升全要素生产率,而生产性服务业聚集主要通过提高技术效率来提升全要素生产率;（2）分地区研究表明,产业聚集对全要素生产率的影响存在明显的地区差异;（3）从作用途径来看,制造业聚集和生产性服务业聚集对全要素生产率和技术效率的正向影响主要通过人力资本和基础设施等途径传递,而对技术进步的促进作用主要通过人力资本、外商直接投资和基础设施等途径传递。且在所有的作用途径中,基础设施的贡献较大。     

贸易及无形技术外溢对中国全要素生产率的传导机理研究

无形技术外溢在隐性知识的跨国技术溢出中扮演着重要的角色.将发达国家对中国的技术外溢强度 和中国对外溢技术的吸收能力纳入一个分析框架,提出相应的测算模型估计从G7国家有效外溢到中国的 R&D存量,利用2001—2011年中国29个省市的面板数据,实证分析了国内R&D、贸易和无形技术外溢对中 国全要素生产率的影响路径.研究发现：国内R&D投资、贸易和无形技术外溢均显著促进了中国各省 市的全要素生产率;各省市R&D投资通过促进技术效率变化影响全要素生产率;贸易和无形技术外溢则 通过促进技术进步推动全要素生产率的变化.     

中国交通运输业碳排放全要素生产率研究——基于Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数

运用Global Malmquist-Luenberger指数评价2009-2016年全国30个省级行政区交通运输业碳排放全要素生产率的变化情况,基于泰尔指数和变异系数分析其区域差异及形成原因,并结合GML指数的分解指数探讨影响全要素生产率变化的因素.结果 表明,研究期间中部与西部地区交通运输业碳排放全要素生产率呈现下降趋势,并导致全国全要素生产率总体水平降低;全国全要素生产率变化的区域差异主要来源于四大经济区域内部差异,且西部和东北地区内部差异的贡献率较大;虽然影响全要素生产率变化的主要因素存在差异,但各地区全要素生产率的进步均受到技术发展的限制.     

中国高技术产业生产率增长来源：技术进步还是技术效率

本文应用基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法计算了1996-2009年中国高技术产业全要素生产率及分解,通过对高技术产业2002年前后各效率变化的对比分析,探讨了影响全要素生产率变化的深层因素并给出相应的政策建议.实证结果表明:(1)2002年后高技术产业全要素生产率出现下降,其主要原因是技术进步率的快速下降.同时技术效率变化取代技术进步成为影响全要素生产率的主导因素.(2)高技术产业发展已由单纯追求技术创新向技术创新与制度创新相结合转变,但技术创新能力差,关键技术自给率低是目前我国高技术产业发展瓶颈.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence