高校生涯辅导的新方向——生涯适应力教育

生涯适应力是国外近年来生涯心理学领域的一个研究热点。在结合以萨维科斯为代表的有关生涯适应力研究成果的基础上,我国大学生生涯适应力的提升应采用如下策略,一是将生涯适应力理念贯彻到高校的教学改革中;二是将生涯适应力的培养纳入生涯教育课程中;三是建立一套理念现代化,服务专业化、多元化与个人化的生涯服务体系。     

高中学生的生涯适应力及其培育

开展生涯教育已成为高中学校对新高考政策要求的积极回应。促进社会发展与高中生生涯发展契合,需要关注高中学生生涯适应力的培育。生涯适应力对高中生的心理素质、终身发展以及人格塑造具有至关重要的积极作用。基于国外对于生涯适应力的相关理论以及生涯适应力理论模型,结合我国实际发展情况试图建构具备文化适切性的生涯适应力模型以及生涯教育课程与保障体系。     

基于生涯建构理论的大学生生涯适应力培养路径探究

为大学生生涯适应力的培养路径及生涯发展教育提供新思路,以Savickas的生涯建构理论为基础,采用文献综述法概述了生涯建构理论的内涵,并联系实际揭示了当前大学生生涯发展水平不高的现状.在生涯建构理论内涵——"接纳不确定性,发挥个体主观能动性,主动建构生涯,创造生命意义,实现自我概念"的指导下,建议高校转变生涯教育理念,建立健全大学生生涯适应力培养体系;家庭重视生涯适应力教育,挖掘资源提供生涯探索机会,给予心理支援;大学生自身积极参与生涯探索,悦纳不确定性,增强生涯适应力.     

生涯适应力视角下大学生生涯发展现状与对策

生涯适应力是大学生成为社会有用人才的重要能力。当下,大学生生涯适应力整体水平不高,生涯发展不平衡。探索大学生生涯适应力水平,改善生涯发展现状更新生涯理念,着力打造行之有效的生涯教育体系,构建社会支持、学校引导、家庭助力的生涯服务系统,以提升大学生生涯适应力。     

生涯适应力理论视角下高职院校生涯教育困境及应对策略

生涯教育是高职教育中不可或缺的重要环节,而生涯适应力则是衡量生涯教育成功与否的核心指标。通过生涯适应力理论视角审视,当前高职院校生涯教育主要存在生涯冷漠、生涯不确定、生涯不真实、生涯抑制、生涯失调、生涯人际关系恶劣等现实困境,亟待通过优化高职院校生涯教育课程、建立平衡控制点、发挥社会支持作用、培养生涯自信、加强挫折教育、改善不良人际关系等措施消除生涯冷漠、增强生涯控制力、培养生涯好奇、消除生涯抑制、实现生涯调适平衡、发展积极生涯群体,从而突破生涯教育现实困境,提升生涯教育水平。     

基于生涯指导课程:校外实习对学生生涯适应力的影响

本研究通过测量高一和高二学生参加校外实习前后的生涯适应力水平(高二年级学生已参与一学期的生涯指导课程,高一年级尚未参与此课程),发现,高二年级生涯适应力中的"关注"和"自信"维度显著提高,而高一年级的学生前后测没有显著性的变化.由此可见,校外实践的效果需要以生涯指导课程为依托.     

生涯适应力:青少年生涯教育与辅导的新视角

生涯适应力概念随着社会的发展变化以及生涯建构理论的兴起逐渐受到研究者的关注。它是指个体对于可预测的生涯任务、所参与的生涯角色与面对生涯变化或不可预测的生涯问题的准备程度与应对能力。本文分析了生涯适应力概念的现实意义及其对教育实践的影响,力求通过开展基于生涯适应力提升的教育与培训活动帮助青少年在制定生涯发展规划时充分考虑到各种不确定性因素的影响,形成富有弹性的策略和保障性措施,应对各种生涯变迁与生涯困境,同时进一步促进青少年对自我生涯发展的客观认识与积极反思。     

北京市初中生生涯适应力及生涯需求调查研究

对北京市某中学初中生生涯适应力水平和生涯需求的调查发现,北京市初中生生涯适应力达到中上水平,初二学生的生涯适应力显著高于初一学生,但男女生在生涯适应力各维度上不存在显著差异;有无理想专业对初中生的生涯适应力有显著预测作用.调查样本中,87.70％的初中生认为生涯指导重要,64.30％的初中生希望通过课程的形式开展生涯指...     

主动性人格对大学生创业意向的影响研究:基于生涯适应力的中介作用

本文以广东省某高校大学生为研究对象,系统考察了主动性人格对大学生创业意向的影响机制.研究表明,主动性人格直接影响大学生创业意向,同时通过生涯关注、生涯好奇和生涯自信间接影响创业意向,生涯适应力在主动性人格对大学生创业意向的影响中起到中介作用.因此,高校应该在创业教育中强化主动性人格的培养,将生涯适应力培养纳入创业教育课程,营造良好创业氛围,鼓励开展创业实践,提高大学生创业信心,提升大学生的创业意向.     

公费师范生生涯适应力的干预研究

目的:研究基于生涯建构理论模型,以提高公费师范生生涯适应力为目的进行干预,并对其效果进行追踪评估。方法:招募选取28名生涯适应力较低的公费师范生,实验组和对照组各14人,实验组接受6次生涯团体辅导,对照组参加学校开展的心理健康教育课程。采用生涯适应力问卷,干预前后进行重复测量,一个半月后进行延时测量。结果:干预后,实验组在生涯适应力的总分及其4个分维度上得分显著高于对照组,追踪评估结果表明干预效果的持续性较好。结论:基于生涯建构理论模型设计的干预方案能够一定程度上提高公费师范生的生涯适应力,并且干预具有良好的持续性。     

职业生涯教育应关注人的生涯发展

职业生涯教育是后工业化社会职业指导发展的必然趋势。职业生涯理论经历了人一职匹配和生涯发展两个不同的历史阶段。生涯发展思想认为个体职业发展是一个与人的身心发展相一致的过程。在这一思想背景下,职业生涯教育应该在生涯意识教育、生涯成长支持与辅导等方面进一步拓展工作。     

职业锚理论指导下的高校辅导员职业生涯规划

针对目前高校辅导员的职业发展现状,提出用职业锚理论指导高校辅导员的职业生涯规划,分析利用职业锚理论指导辅导员职业生涯规划的意义。提出国家政策措施鼓励、高校确保实施和辅导员自动规划三方共同努力,保证辅导员职业发展,实现其自身全面发展的同时,也为高校发展注入活力。     

Enhancing Career Development Through the Career Success Club

The career development of students, demonstrated by students performing appropriate career developmental tasks, is important to institutions of higher education because career developed students are more likely to have career objectives, persist in their academic goals, gain career-related work experience, find employment in their chosen fields, and graduate. The purpose of this study was to determine if the career development of students by class level had been enhanced by participation in a career management plan specifically prepared for undergraduates. The intervention of a career management plan (i.e., the Career Success Club) was successful, especially for seniors and middles, in enhancing the career development of undergraduates. Career management plans may help students that are academically undecided to become more connected to their majors by focusing more on academic and career matters.     

The Influence of a Career Pathways Model and Career Counseling on Students' Career and Academic Self-Efficacy

This qualitative study examines the effects of career pathways programming and targeted career counseling services on 71 high school seniors across seven schools engaged in school reforms funded through South Carolina's Education and Economic Development Act (EEDA). EEDA is a statewide, multipronged effort to improve academic achievement, graduation rates, and students' chances at success in both careers and college. One component of EEDA is the requirement that all students complete an individual graduation plan, and in order to build capacity to execute this new requirement, additional counselors and/or counselor aides were added to every high school in the state. We found that the combination of a career pathways model along with targeted career counseling services enhanced students' sense of career and academic self-efficacy by increasing their motivation to complete school, willingness and interest to take more challenging courses, and sense of preparedness for college and work. We examine these themes through the social cognitive career theory's triadic model of causality (Bandura, 1997) connecting study findings with the central constructs of self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and personal goal development.     

社会认知职业理论对职业发展课程的启示

近年来,中国高校的生涯教育逐渐从单纯的就业指导转变为职业生涯规划。随着职业理论的发展和引入,职业教学课程的指导理论不完善之处逐渐凸显。社会认知职业理论关注个体的主观能动性及其生涯发展过程中的动态变化过程,突破了原有理论的弊端。本研究介绍社会认知职业理论的基本内容及其三个主要模型,从兴趣培养、自我效能的提高、生涯社会支持和个人背景四个角度提出对生涯教育的切实可行的建议。     

从"职业锚"看大学生的职业生涯规划

“职业锚”可以指导、约束和稳定个人的职业生涯。文章论述了“职业锚”理论的内涵以及“职业锚”理论对大学生职业生涯规划的重要意义,同时为高校就业指导工作者指出在运用此理论时应注意的几个问题。     

Publicizing Career Opportunities

Using small groups in student cooperative learning enterprises has become a major trend in American higher education (Cheng and Warren 2000). However, several practical issues involving the assessment of an individual's performance in groups have sometimes created resistance to the method from both students and parents (Kagan 1995). This article evaluates the case for using cooperative group assignments and the problems associated with evaluating the performances of individuals working in groups. Practical suggestions for minimizing some of the potential problems associated with group grading are offered and some philosophic perspectives on this form of grading are advanced.     

Understanding Career Chance

This article presents a rationale for considering and integrating the chance construct in an individual’s career development. The notion of chance is conceptualized from the sociological work perspective and on basis of theoretical tenets grounded in vocational and career psychology. The article argues that the exercising of human control in the vocational aspects of life should take into serious consideration the chance factor that often emerges in life experiences. It discusses the chance phenomenon in worklife, and elaborates considerations and ways of incorporating the chance construct into the career development process; it also suggests implications for career development and career counselling.