Affective development in university education

There seems to be an increasing requirement for university courses and programs to develop students’ affective qualities (beliefs, values, dispositions and attitudes). This study explored the ways academics determined what the desirable qualities were for their particular disciplines and the pedagogical strategies and approaches they used to develop them. The participants were able to articulate certain beliefs, values and attitudes that were central to their discipline, although they appeared to be assumed and somewhat tacit in nature. The teaching and assessing of affective qualities was seen as problematic by the participants in the study owing to inadequate policy structures of the University, but the data revealed some practical teaching approaches. It was clear from this initial study that there is still a great deal of research and scholarship required in this area.     

Teaching nontraditional adult students: adult learning theories in practice

As the USA experiences rapid growth of nontraditional adult students in higher education, educators and institutions will increasingly need to look beyond the traditional youth-centric educational models to better address adult learning needs. To date, no research has been conducted examining the learning experiences of adult students enrolled in a disciplinary course that was built upon core principles of adult learning. Ten adult students (mean age = 45.4 years), enrolled in an American university with a college dedicated to adult students, were interviewed to assess their learning experiences and felt impact after completing a psychology course created upon adult learning principles. Findings revealed that students progressed through a five-themed model that challenged their pre-existing meaning structures, caused emotional and cognitive disequilibrium, and pushed them toward irrevocable change.     

Affective education for “at-risk” students: The view of urban principals

A sample of principals (N=116) was drawn from a large, urban school district to determine their viewpoints on the academic needs of high-risk students. Principals participated in focus groups designed to establish a common set of definitions and educational objectives for students with chronic achievement problems. Survey data were subsequently gathered for the sample to identify areas where educational delivery systems could be supplemented or enhanced. Factor analysis of the data revealed five critical areas for improving educational outcomes for at-risk students, including academic transitions, affective interventions, content-oriented programs, alternative structures, and social-needs programs. The common theme identified in the responses of these principals was a belief that more attention should be given to the affective resources, including counseling personnel, transitional programs, and alternative classroom structures.     

Moral judgment development of college students

In recent years, psychologists and educators have shown increased interest in the moral development of college students. Kohlberg and Rest discuss a six-stage model of moral judgment development that has generated considerable research. The findings have raised several issues regarding the relevance of attitudes, traits, and experiences in understanding the moral judgment development of students. This study examines the differential impact of (1) college experiences, (2) attribution beliefs and attitudes about punitiveness, (3) educational and academic characteristics, and (4) freshmen level of moral judgment development on the level of moral development of upper-division students, who as freshmen were classified as having either low or high levels of moral reasoning. For freshmen with low moral reasoning scores, their upper-division level of moral judgment development was significantly related to their causal attribution beliefs regarding personal responsibility. For those freshmen with high moral reasoning scores, their initial level of moral reasoning was the most significant factor related to their upper-division level of moral judgment development. For these students, participation in extracurricular activities was negatively related to upper-division moral reasoning scores. The more they had participated in extracurricular activities, the lower their upper-division moral reasoning scores.     

让研究性学习引领学生发展

开展研究性学习活动,是教学改革的一个新内容、新形式、新探索,课堂教学中尝试开展研究性学习对于培养学生的学习能力和科学态度有着重要作用。教师要在课堂上努力营造研究性学习的氛围,找准教学内容与研究性学习的切入点,加强对学生研究性学习的指导和评价,让研究性学习引领学生发展。     

Abusive histories in youth/young adult students

A survey of a college student population indicates that psycical abuse is prevalent in our society. The self-reported data was found to be similar to that occurring in the literature on parent-reported child abuse, documenting that approximately one-third of college students had a history of moderate abuse and 5 to 10 percent had a history of a severe abuse during their developmental years. Through an awareness of its high prevalence, the health care provider will question a history of physical violence when evaluating a student with a medical or psychosocial complaint and appropriately plan a management program inclusive of therapeutic counseling to decrease the effect of the prior or current physical abuse.     

论成人学生心理素质及其培养提高

良好的心理素质是现代人的标志,开放教育学生中逐年低龄化趋势和独生子女群体等特点,在求学过程中不同程度地存在着学习、人际关系、人格、感情等方面的心理障碍,利用实体的校园文化活动和虚拟的网络文化等“隐形课程”对开放教育学生进行有针对性的心理健康教育活动,增强他们的心理承受能力,具有十分重要意义。     

成人高校学生思想政治工作的思路

成人教育是我国国民教育的重要组成部分之一,其主要的招生和培养对象是已经从事工作的在职人群,这些人主要的入学目的是为了进一步的提升自身的专业水平和学历水平。由于进入成人教育学校的学生在入学前已经具备了一定的工作经验,他们带着自身的经验和对社会生活的认知进入学校,这些学生对于教育教学的目的性和实用性和有一定的要求,对于成功学的追求和欲望相比较于传统的全日制的学生更加明显,成人教育的学生对于知识的学习具有明显的职业性的要求和实用性的要求,这些学生把自己的学习看做是高等教育的延续或者是对知识和学历和投资。但是由于其自身的经历和背景,成人教育的学生具有明显的自我意识,对于教育的接受和批判明显的淡化,因此,其思想政治教育工作的教育方式明显不同于全日制的教学,长期以来,成人教育思想政治工作被忽视,在教务教学管理中的地位模糊,没有被真正纳入到成人教育的教学管理中去。     

浅论高校成人教育学生诚信教育与考风建设

在当前人们对教育越来越重视的大环境下,高校举办成人高等教育的自主权也逐渐增大,高校成人教育的发展呈上升趋势。同时,也存在一些不诚信现象,尤其是考试作弊现象严重。本文结合高校成人教育学生的实际,阐述加强诚信教育的重要意义以及主要做法,考试的重要性和考试作弊的危害性,探讨了新时期建设优良考风的具体措施。     

普通高校成人学员学习的自身前提性情况探究——山东省七所普通高校成人学员的调查

近年来,成人高等教育的教学质量出现下滑,学生学习的积极性不高,学习效果不理想,已经影响到我国普通高校的成人高等教育的办学声誉。要改善这种状况,优化成人学习的学习效果,首先需要我们了解和把握成人学习的实际学习情况,特别是直接影响成人学员学习过程和结果的自身前提性情况。基于此目的,本文以山东省七所普通高校成人学员为例,做了成人学员学习的自身前提性情况的调查与分析,并进行了对策探讨。     

Childhood correlates of adult ego development

The present study examined family socioeconomic indicators, parent child-rearing variables, and childhood and adolescent behaviors, which were hypothesized to predict adult ego development. The subjects were 206 females and 192 males, ages 30-31, who began participating in a longitudinal study at age 8. At that time, interviews with their parents yielded data on family background variables and child-rearing practices. Peer-nominations and other testing procedures with the children yielded data on the children's cognitive and behavioral styles at ages 8 and 19. At age 30, the subjects completed the Loevinger Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. Results confirmed the hypotheses that child-rearing styles characterized by acceptance, a nonauthoritarian approach to punishment, and identification of the child with the parent related to higher levels of adult ego development 22 years later. These relations obtained more strongly for females than for males. In addition, childhood and adolescent indicators of impulse control and cognitive development (nonaggression, prosocial behavior, and intelligence) were associated with higher levels of adult ego development. Finally, hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that the development of aggression was linked to adult ego level attainment in males, while the development of prosocial behavior was related to adult ego development in females.     

电大成人学生跨文化交际能力培养策略

提高电大成人学生的跨文化交际能力是必要的。充分利用电大的课程资源、网络资源、网络平台以及成人学生的工作背景优势和策略,保证了学生跨文化交际能力的提高。     

情感理论教育与大学生情感能力的培养

情感教育与大学生情感能力的培养是21世纪全面提高大学生素质的一项迫切任务，也是教育现代化的重大问题。培养大学生高尚的情感性人格世界有着重要的现实指导作用。     

成人高校生源多元化的社会条件

成人高校生源多元化是世界成人教育发展的趋势,可以为成人高校的发展以及成人学习需求的满足提供现实基础。但直至目前为止,我国成人高校生源依然呈现出单一与不均衡的局面。成人高校生源多元化的实现,需具备一定的社会条件。在众多的社会条件中,学习权的确立与保障以及新学习文化的养成是最为基本和重要的。     

The impact of higher education on adult students in Australia

This article is part of a study of the impact of higher education on aspects of the employment of a national sample of adult students (25 and over) who enrolled in higher education in Australia in 1978. The study shows that from the point of view of employment these adult students drew much benefit from their higher education. Females tended to benefit more than males. A further article in a later issue will consider for the same group the impact of higher education on the person.     

Toward deep learning for adult students in online courses

Adult students have become the new majority in online distance education. Research in online distance education, however, is still predominantly based on the historical perspective of the traditional student profile. This study examines adult students' learning engagement in online courses and explores the impact of online course design models and the type of online discussion on adult students' self-perceived and observable learning performance. The study findings inform that age itself does not predict adult students' learning satisfaction and performance. Instead, an integrated course model promotes learning satisfaction, while a Content + Support course model reinforces knowledge–constructive online interactions. The study findings also indicate disadvantages of close-ended discussion tasks in supporting students' online learning success.     

如何提高成人教育学员学习积极性

本文主要目的是通过研究怎样提高成人教育学院学员学习积极性来研究如何才能在全国大力提倡终身教育背景下提高我国成人教育的整体水平的。本文从多个方面:面授教师的择优选择,多媒体教学,学习方法传授,班主任的选择,教学管理的改革,互动式教学的积极推行,网络自学课程的学习等,提出了提高成人教育学员积极性的建议和具体措施。     

如何提高成教学生的社会竞争力

成人教育以“成人”为教育主体,这一主体有其复杂性和特殊性。本文从四个方面阐述了针对成教学生的特点所采取的相应措施,努力提高成教学生的社会竞争力。