Reflecting Caring and Power in Early Childhood Education: Recalling Memories of Educational Practices

This paper examines university social science and education students' views of research methodology, especially asking whether a negative research orientation towards quantitative methods exists. Finnish (n?=?196) and US (n?=?122) students answered a questionnaire concerning their views on quantitative, qualitative, empirical, and theoretical methods, their readiness to use quantitative and qualitative methods in their own research, and the difficulties they experienced in quantitative methods' learning. Students were clustered in groups according to their views. Students had varying combinations of views on the methods, that is different research orientations towards methods were found in both countries. Some of the students had a dichotic attitude towards quantitative and qualitative methods; they seemed to “choose their side” between these methods. In both countries a negative research orientation towards quantitative methods was found. It was connected with either difficulties in quantitative methods' learning or with a lower appreciation of empirical methods than that of other students. Major subject and study year had no effect, so the views were not discipline‐specific and students seemed to already have them on entering university. Views were quite stable during the course. A reduction in difficulties experienced with quantitative methods' learning was connected with a lowered over‐appreciation of qualitative methods at the end of the course.     

孙子兵法的教育意蕴

《孙子兵法》作为中华传统文化的重要瑰宝,在2000余年间一直影响着中华文明的命运。在提供战争智慧与战争思想的同时,其重战,慎战的理念也融入中华民族对于和平的渴望与追求之中。同时,《孙子兵法》对在“为将之道”、“奇正之变”等方面的思考,也为新时期教育教学改革以及以创新为核心的素质教育理念提供了有益的借鉴。     

初中美术教学中传统元素与流行元素有效结合的教学模式研究

美术教学一直都承担着传承传统文化的重要责任。对于传承来说,也要做到创新与发展,但是就目前的初中美术教学来说,依然还存在着一系列的问题,这样也就影响了学生的学习效果。基于此本文针对初中美术教学中传统元素与流行元素之间的融合措施进行了简要阐述,并提出几点个人看法,仅供参考。     

教育终极关怀:反思与定位

教育终极关怀自身存在着种种的局限，它不可能解决中国教育现代化中出现的问题。立足于现实教育，理性地重新定位教育终极关怀，寻求中国教育现代化自己的路径，以确保教育健康的发展才是教育的“最终极关怀”和最大关怀。     

《孙子兵法》的结构艺术

《孙子兵法》高超的结构艺术与其思想内容相得益彰。它开创了科学论文的崭新样式,其结构体系和表达方式具有统筹兼顾的科学安排和整体规划。其思想理论遵循传统文化的思维规律,在结构系统上按"道法术"的不同层面进行安排。为了理顺各篇的基本理则,又根据以意为主、以理定形的原则进行部署,创造了六种基本的结构样式。这些结构形式简洁明快、丰富多彩,形成了均衡对称的整体格局,科学完美地反映了孙子的思维形式和理论内涵。在艺术布局上,孙子通过明确中心、突出重点的点题方式、过渡照应和名言警句的结构占位做到结构严谨、要言不烦。在科学定义、材料展示、节奏韵律和文字体量的把握上也都有许多过人之处。从而使其思想理论得到高度有序化的表达,成为东方兵学当之无愧的鼻祖和传统文化的重要经典。     

在战争与文艺之间——论前期延安文艺界的下乡入伍运动

作为延安作家了解、熟悉边区生活的重要途径之一,前期延安文艺界的下乡入伍运动对作家的生存状态与文学创作产生了持久的、深刻的影响。由于下乡入伍运动本身存在的一些问题与延安作家自身的不足,前期延安文艺界的创作活动与现实生活存在着某种程度的脱节现象。     

《孙子兵法》与三国英雄——兼论《孙子兵法》兵经地位的确立

三国时代,《孙子兵法》备受重视。一方面被整理、注解和播扬,曹操的《孙子略解》在兵学发展史上具有承前启后的重要地位;另一方面被创造性地运用到战场上,诸葛亮就是一个典型代表。武将和文人皆推崇孙武及其兵法的风气,终于汇聚成越来越广泛的社会影响,通过三国人韦昭的《国语注》和张子尚的《孙武兵经》,终于确定了《孙子兵法》在中国古代的"兵经"地位。     

The Two Cultures of Electricity: Between Entertainment and Edification in Victorian Science

Reviewing Fleeming Jenkin’s Electricity and Magnetism in Nature in 1873 an anonymous reviewer (probably James Clerk Maxwell) remarked that “at the present time there are two sciences of electricity — one that of the lecture-room and the popular treatise; the other that of the testing-office and the engineer’s specifications.” In this paper I want to look behind Maxwell’s remark and examine the relationship between the “two sciences” of electricity during the third quarter or so of the 19th century. In particular I want to look at them in terms of their instrumental technologies. How did apparatus travel between the lecture-room or exhibition-hall and the testing-office or the laboratory? How did skills cross between these different spaces? How did the earlier Victorian culture of electricity as “entertainment and edification” become transformed into late 19th century metrological culture? How did these cultures overlap and how did they differ?     

Developing a Reflective Practitioner Through the Connection Between Educational Research and Reflective Practices

This paper outlines the connection between qualitative research methods in education and teacher reflective practices as they relate to Valli’s (Reflective teacher education: cases and critiques. State University of New York Press, Albany, 1992; Peabody J Educ 72(1): 67–88, 1997) model of reflection. Using the authors’ own experiences in performing and guiding educational research, and existing research in the field of teacher education pertaining to reflective practitioners, explicit connections are made between the two paradigms. These connections illustrate the importance of integrating authentic research experiences into the teacher education curriculum outside the context of methods courses, much like models established in the sciences.     

教育领导力模式变迁之反思

自上个世纪以来,教育领导力的研究一直被教育学界所关注,出现了数十种教育领导力模式。每一种教育领导力模式在彰显其优越性的同时也暴露出局限性。伴随着教育领导力模式研究的发展和变迁,新的教育领导力模式的完备性逐渐增强,呈现出统整其它模式的趋势。我国教育领导力模式的研究应该紧跟国际潮流,加强本土化开发,注重理论联系实际。     

从理论分析到实践创生:教育理论与实践关系的中国经验

以往关于教育理论与实践关系的研究主要是以静观的理论分析为思路,如逻辑分析、理论分层和哲学演绎。伴随人们对这一问题的深入思考和基础教育改革实践的不断推进,关于二者关系的新认识也得以形成。教育理论和实践的主体关系问题是二者关系的核心;二者的关系问题不仅是"理论"问题,更是"实践"问题,不仅是哲学、逻辑学问题,更是教育学问题。从方法论层面来看,从理论分析到实践创生的转换意味着前提预设、分析单位、思维方式和学科立场的转换。     

大众艺术与高职院校群众艺术教育

随着大众艺术的蓬勃发展和中华民族文化艺术传承的普及提高,群众艺术教育的内涵也越来越丰富。为了进一步推动群众艺术发展,构建和谐社会、和谐文化,高职院校群众艺术教育应积极探索改革思路。     

《孙子兵法》中的战略思维

《孙子兵法》是东方战略思想的奠基之作,同时也是运用战略思维揭示战争规律和战争指导规律、解决战争相关问题的理论巨著。《孙子兵法》中的战略思维表现在:立足国家最高利益来进行战争指导的顶层设计;全面综合分析和判断战争胜负;超出一般战争思维模式的大战略和大智慧;战争指导的预见性和预前性;透过各种表象,把握战争的本质规律;统筹兼顾,综合平衡的治军思想。     

《孙子兵法》互文修辞格的运用

“互文”修辞格在《孙子兵法》中有不少运用。对此加以关注和认真研究,会对准确把握孙子兵学思想有较多帮助,同时也会对解读简本、传本的异文情况有所裨益。     

国外师资培养中对教育学科和教育实践的重视

国外师资培训中突出“师范性”的做法，最主要地表现在两方面，一是重视教育学科的理论学习与技能训练，既有广泛的内容又占较大的比重，并且方式方法随教育价值观的转变而变革；二是对教育实践环节予以创新和讲求实效，它们创造的一些模式，对我们的教育实习改革有一定的借鉴意义。     

《孙子兵法》战略追求的当代价值——《孙子兵法》与《战争论》的比较研究

《孙子兵法》与《战争论》被誉为东西方军事史上的两颗明珠。《战争论》以其"绝对战争"理论曾长期引领西方乃至世界的军事学,但在第二次世界大战后,特别是当"绝对战争"遇到"绝对武器"(核武器),敌我双方都拥有相互确保摧毁能力的情况下,人类将面临同归于尽的选择之时,孙子的"全胜"战略追求便成为战争问题上的济世良方。克劳塞维茨的理想战略是"百战百胜",属于军事层面的制胜观;而孙子追求的则是"不战而屈人之兵"的全胜战略,是大战略层面的价值观。两者最根本的区别是哲学上的区别,道胜是《孙子兵法》的哲学,器胜是《战争论》的哲学。     

茅元仪与《孙子兵法》

茅元仪所作《武备志》,为中国古代著名兵学著作,被称为“军事学的百科全书”。其中《兵诀评》部分,集中整理、注释了包括《孙子兵法》在内的九部兵学典籍。茅元仪高度评价《孙子兵法》,称“前孙子者,孙子不遗;后孙子者,不能遗孙子”,并综合宋本《十一家注孙子》,重新对《孙子兵法》加以注解,其中不乏精辟见解。同时借军事言政治,表达了其报效朝廷的政治理想。     

茅元仪与《孙子兵法》

茅元仪所作《武备志》,为中国古代著名兵学著作,被称为"军事学的百科全书"。其中《兵诀评》部分,集中整理、注释了包括《孙子兵法》在内的九部兵学典籍。茅元仪高度评价《孙子兵法》,称"前孙子者,孙子不遗;后孙子者,不能遗孙子",并综合宋本《十一家注孙子》,重新对《孙子兵法》加以注解,其中不乏精辟见解。同时借军事言政治,表达了其报效朝廷的政治理想。