Gender Differences in Performance on Mathematics Achievement Items

Gender differences in performance on three types of mathematics test items were investigated using data from students with three different course backgrounds. Eight randomly equivalent samples of high school seniors were each given a unique form of the ACT Assessment Mathematics Usage Test. Only students with three specific profiles of high school mathematics coursework were considered in the analysis. The three background conditions ranged from little mathematics (Algebra I only) to a modest background (two Algebra courses and Geometry) to a full mathematics program including Introductory Calculus. For each background condition, examinee performance was analyzed in a 2 (Gender) x 3 (Item Category) x 8 (Test Form) split-plot factorial design. The results indicated, that, at each of the studied background levels, females performed less well than males on geometry (strategic, geometric) and reasoning (strategic, nongeometric) items. On the other hand, females performed as well as males on algorithmic, operationsoriented items.     

Gender Differences in Mathematics Attainment of Singaporean Pupils

This study compares the performance of Singapore boys and girls in Ordinary (‘O’) level Mathematics (Syllabus D). A sample of 88 boys and 88 girls was used to identify some areas of concern as regards gender and Mathematics attainment. The findings of the study were as follows:

• (i) Boys performed better than girls on Paper I questions.

• (ii) For the compulsory questions on both papers boys did significantly better than the girls on the following topics – mensuration, statistics, arithmetic, geometry and probability while the girls out-performed the boys on algebra and graphs.

• (iii) Boys also surpassed girls on the compulsory questions which tested spatial ability.

• (iv) In Paper II, section B, girls showed a marked preference for questions on algebra and graphs, and vectors in two dimensions while the boys' only marked preference was the question on mensuration.

The pupils' grades in Mathematics were also compared with those of the other subjects they took in the English medium examination and it was found that grades in Physics, Science (Chemistry, Physics) and Metalwork – the so called Mathematics-related subjects – did not correlate to the same degree for the two sexes.

The Mathematics results of the Singapore candidature in ‘O’ level Mathematics examination revealed that on the whole boys performed better than girls.     

Gender Differences in Mathematics Participation: an Australian perspective

Gender differences in many areas of participation in school are receding, but the gap favouring males in mathematics study in senior secondary school persists. This study attempted to identify some of the dimensions underlying gender differences in mathematics participation. The data from a survey of Years 10, 11 and 12 students at four high schools were used to examine the relationships between the gender differences in attitudes towards mathematics and the participation in senior school courses. The findings suggest that the separation of senior school mathematics into academic and non-academic subjects was more efficient for boys than for girls because in the junior years of high school boys develop more positive views of mathematics and of themselves as mathematics learners leading to them more often selecting the university-preferred options. Not all girls were disadvantaged, however. Girls from middle-class backgrounds, particularly those from professional and managerial origins, tended to remain confident and retained their interest in mathematics supporting high enrolment rates in the specialist maths stream at the senior level of high school. The social background offset the effects of gender.     

西方数学学习性别差异研究述评

数学学习性别差异是西方教育理论研究的热点问题之一.这一课题的研究在国际上已取得很多重要成果,这些研究结论不尽相同,甚至对立,如:男生比女生在数学学习方面占优势;男女生在数学学习方面各有优势;男女生在数学学习方面无显著差异等.有的学者从男女先天的智力和生理特征的角度解释造成差异的原因;有的学者从自我信念体系、社会文化及学校因素、教师观念、家长观念解释造成差异的原因.为了平衡数学学习中的性别差异,我们应树立性别平等意识、实施单一性别教育,开展"因性施教"的教学方式.     

不同性别儿童数学学习情感发展差异研究

文章研究了小学儿童数学学习的情感发展特征,采用自编"儿童数学学习情感发展水平"量表,以梅州市三所小学1-6年级共860名学生为被试,考察男女生数学学习情感发展水平的差异。结果表明:(1)小学男、女生的数学学习情感发展水平存在极显著差异,女生数学学习情感发展水平明显比男生高。(2)除师生关系水平存在显著的性别差异,女生比男生与老师有更良好的师生关系外,儿童数学学习情感的其他因素,男、女几乎没有不同。(3)低年级儿童的数学学习情感发展水平存在显著的性别差异,中、高年级儿童不存在显著的性别差异,数学学习情感发展水平随年级升高而降低,女生数学学习情感发展水平变化较大,男生则相对平稳。     

八年级学生数学认知水平的性别差异

学习成就的性别差异是国际教育界的关注点之一.数学认知水平的测试调查、比较表明:初二学生在总成绩上男、女生的差异不显著,但女生在分水平(计算、概念、领会、分析)上的表现几乎都呈现略比男生差的现象;访谈的结果也加强了这一观念.     

天津学生数学学习的性别差异——来自PISA的结果

数学学习的性别差异一直是人们关心的问题。PISA 2012测评结果显示,虽然天津男生与女生数学学习成绩不存在差异,但男女生数学学习的驱动力、动机和自我信念还是有明显差异。与男生相比,女生学习的坚持性、问题解决的开发性、对自身解决数学问题能力的自信更差,而数学焦虑更强,更倾向于将数学学习失败的责任归咎于自身以外的因素。     

中学生数学学习成就归因的性别差异比较研究

在以往相关研究的基础上,采用问卷调查法,对中学生数学学习的原因归因、期望变化和情感反应的性别差异进行调查.研究得出以下结论:(1)对于数学学习成功结果,能力项原因归因存在性别差异;失败情境下,教学质量和能力项归因上存在性别差异.(2)对数学学习失败结果能否改变上存在性别差异.(3)对于成功结果,在自豪和惊喜两项情感反应上存在性别差异;对于失败结果,在自卑和怨恨两项情感反应上存在性别差异.     

Investigating Gender Differences in Mathematics and Science: Results from the 2011 Trends in Mathematics and Science Survey

Research in Science Education - The underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related fields remains a concern for educators and the scientific...     

影响香港男女生对数学喜欢程度的因素与路径分析

对数学的喜欢程度是数学学习的重要因素.男女生对数学喜欢程度的路径不同.低年级的女生对数学的喜欢程度倾向属于外部社会动机型,高年级女生倾向属于内部自我动机型,低年级的男生对数学的喜欢程度倾向属于内部自我动机型,高年级的男生对数学的喜欢程度倾向还主要属于内部自我动机型.     

Interesting,but Less Interested: Gender Differences and Similarities in Mathematics Interest

The purpose of the present study was to examine gender differences in mathematics interest. In a sample of middle school students (N?=?366), we examined mathematics interest as a trait (i.e., individual interest) and as a current state (i.e., situational interest) during a learning activity in mathematics. Assessment of perceived competence, performance, and effort during learning was also included. Results revealed a significant difference between boys and girls in their ratings of individual interest, but not in the current experience of situational interest. Furthermore, boys and girls did not differ in performance during learning, but girls invested significantly more effort than boys. Results and their implications are discussed in relation to interest development, gender differences, and subjective beliefs.     

基于高考数据的数学学习性别差异研究及启示

选取高考数据为研究样本,对男女学生数学成绩及能力优势特点进行探究。结论如下:男女生成绩差异显著,男生明显高于女生;高分段男女人数与试题难度有关;男女在数学能力上各有所长:女生在数据处理、运算求解、应用意识(知识方法的应用、综合应用)方面明显优于男生,在空间想象能力、抽象概括、创新意识方面男生明显优于女生。     

维吾尔语中恭维语使用的性别差异分析

人们使用恭维语,通常是为了建立更好的社会关系或表达对他人的礼貌.男性与女性的社会角色不一样,而他们的语言风格也有区别,因此恭维语的使用也有差异.论文主要探讨维吾尔语中恭维语的男女使用差异.男性和女性在生理和心理方面的差异导致他们举止行为上的不同,再加上不同文化传统,不同民族的男女性的语言也会有相应的特点.从社会因素出发恭维语具有一定的共性,而从文化因素出发恭维语具有特性.     

英语中的性别差异研究

语言中的性别差异是客观存在的社会现象。作为整个文化系统的一个子系统，语言符号系统以四种指表模式－－标识、评价、规定和构成反映了两性之间的差异及地位。本文从这四个方面列举了英语中的性别差异现象，分析了导致这一现象的原因，并指出性别语言之间的差异正在逐步缩小，英语中的性别歧视现象将由引得以消除。     

Gender Differences in Conversation

Men and women applied language distinct from each other in many ways. The thesis gives an illustration of gender differences in conversation and different interpretive frames within which the discourse between men and women take place. More profoundly,it tries to explain them from perspective of socialization.     

非语言交际中体距的性别差异

随着国际政治、经济、文化的全球化,男女之间的非语言交际越来越受到人们的重视。论文叙述了男女性之间在空间使用上的具体差异并揭示了形成这些差异的五个原因,即生理差异,男女社会化,性吸引,定势和支配-服从。     

Gender Differences in Conversation

Men and women applied language distinct from each other in many ways. The thesis gives an illustration of gender dif-ferences in conversation and different interpretive frames within which the discours...     

浅议阅读能力的性别差异

阅读是人类一项重要的终生技能,影响着人们的学习和工作。调查研究指出,大部分男学生对阅读课缺乏兴趣和热情,阅读能力也较女学生低。本文讨论了其中一些原因,包括性别角色、阅读习惯、兴趣搭配等,并提供了教师如何提高男学生阅读兴趣的一些方法,从而最终协助男学生赶上阅读进度,平衡学校男女学生阅读能力的性别差异。     

A Longitudinal Analysis of Gender Differences in Affective Outcomes in Mathematics During Middle and High School

This study examined gender differences in the rate of change in mathematics affect (attitude and anxiety toward mathematics and utility of mathematics) across middle and high school, using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth. Hierarchical linear models indicated no gender differences in the rate of decline in either attitude or utility, but females grew faster in anxiety than males. Schools were more responsible for variation in the male than female rate of change in mathematics affect. Student and school variables influenced the rate of change in mathematics affect in a quite different way between males and females.