Threshold of Withdrawal from Schoolwork among Children of Divorced Parents

Abstract The principal aim of the present study was to examine whether there is a difference of withdrawal threshold between children of divorced parents and children from intact families as regards schoolwork. Three different school‐type tests, designed to be long and frustrating, were administered to two groups of children. One group consisted of 31 children of divorced parents (15 boys and 16 girls); the second consisted of children from intact families and was of equal size and had a matching number of children of both sexes. There were three dependent variables: level of achievement, level of determination and the time spent on the test. The main results show that children of divorced parents have lower levels of achievement and lower withdrawal thresholds than do children from intact families. These findings are presented in the context of a consideration both of the children's experience and interpretation of their parents’ divorce and of the generalisability of the concept of withdrawal threshold.     

谈父母离异后未成年子女的健康成长

父母离异后，未成年子女的健康成长需要三个条件：一是抚养子女的一方应竭尽全力创造一个良好的环境，履行抚育义务；二是未直接抚养子女的一方要按时给付抚育费：三是抚育子女的一方不得阻止对方行使探视权。     

对孤独症儿童家长焦虑问题的团体辅导研究

孤独症患儿的父母罹患心理危机与障碍的可能性高于正常儿童的家长,其中,焦虑是孤独症儿童家长的普遍心理.研究以罗杰斯个人中心治疗理论、认知疗法理论和新行为主义为理论基础,设计了孤独症儿童家长焦虑团体辅导方案,并将活动方案实施于11名孤独症儿童家长组成的团体,共进行8次团体辅导干预.研究结果表明:团体辅导对孤独症儿童父母的焦虑问题是一种行之有效的干预模式,对降低孤独症儿童父母的焦虑水平具有显著效果.     

农村癫痫患儿父母焦虑情绪及心理干预对策分析

目的：探讨农村癫痫患儿父母中焦虑情绪的流行情况及心理干预对焦虑情绪的影响。方法：应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）,对4-14岁农村癫痫患儿父母80人进行焦虑评定,选择在本院同期体检的农村儿童家长30例为焦虑对照组。并对癫痫患儿父母存在的焦虑进行针对性的心理干预,对比心理干预1个月前后SAS评分的差异。结果：癫痫患儿父母SAS评分明显高于健康对照组（p〈0.01）,心理干预前后癫痫患儿父母的SAS评分差异有显著统计学意义（p〈0.01）。结论：癫痫患儿父母焦虑情况比较严重,控制患儿癫痫发作的同时对父母进行心理干预可有效减轻癫痫患儿父母的焦虑情绪。     

Cognitive Test Anxiety and Academic Performance

A new measure that focused explicitly on the cognitive dimension of test anxiety was introduced and examined for psychometric quality as compared to existing measures of test anxiety. The new scale was found to be a reliable and valid measure of cognitive test anxiety. The impact of cognitive test anxiety as well as emotionality and test procrastination were subsequently evaluated on three course exams and students' self-reported performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test for 168 undergraduate students. Higher levels of cognitive test anxiety were associated with significantly lower test scores on each of the three course examinations. High levels of cognitive test anxiety also were associated with significantly lower Scholastic Aptitude Test scores. Procrastination, in contrast, was related to performance only on the course final examination. Gender differences in cognitive test anxiety were documented, but those differences were not related to performance on the course exams. Examination of the relation between the emotionality component of test anxiety and performance revealed that moderate levels of physiological arousal generally were associated with higher exam performance. The results were consistent with cognitive appraisal and information processing models of test anxiety and support the conclusion that cognitive test anxiety exerts a significant stable and negative impact on academic performance measures.     

幼儿园新生家长“分离焦虑”的原因及其应对措施

幼儿园新生家长的分离焦虑,一直存在却往往被忽视,它直接影响幼儿的顺利入园,也影响到家长安心工作,克服这一问题是幼儿园一项重要工作,新生家长的分离焦虑有一定的原因,幼儿"分离焦虑"和家长"分离焦虑"密切相关,应当同样重视,同时采取系统措施加以解决,才能收到理想的效果。     

Test Anxiety and Metacognitive Performance in the Classroom

Educational Psychology Review - Test anxiety is a context-specific academic anxiety which can result in poorer academic and metacognitive performance. We assessed how the quantity and relative...     

父母与子女

It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modem ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that     

Caught Between Parents: Adolescents'' Experience in Divorced Homes

This study examined adolescents' feelings of being caught between parents to see whether this construct helps to explain (1) variability in their postdivorce adjustment and (2) associations between family/child characteristics and adolescent adjustment. Adolescents 10 to 18 years old (N = 522) were interviewed by telephone 4 1/2 years after their parents' separation. Feeling caught between parents was related to high parental conflict and hostility and low parental cooperation. Being close to both parents was associated with low feelings of being caught. The relation between time spent with each parent and feeling caught depended on the coparenting relationship. Adolescents in dual residence were especially likely to feel caught when parents were in high conflict, and especially unlikely to feel caught when parents cooperated. Feeling caught was related to poor adjustment outcomes. Parental conflict was only related to adjustment outcomes indirectly, through adolescents' feelings of being caught.     

Withdrawal Threshold in Interpersonal Conflict Among Adolescents of Divorced Parents

ABSTRACT The present study examines one possible explanation for the intergenerational transmission of divorce: a long‐term effect of learned lower withdrawal threshold. The underlying assumption here is that people differ in their readiness to struggle in a relationship before reaching the point at which they withdraw and that this withdrawal threshold is modelled and learned in the family. More specifically, the study tests the hypothesis that adolescents of divorced parents exhibit a lower withdrawal threshold in various depicted interpersonal conflict situations. The study's sample consisted 215 adolescents, including 58 (25 boys and 33 girls) of divorced parents and 157 (74 boys and 83 girls) of married parents. Two questionnaires were specially constructed to test the present study's research question: the Adolescents’ Withdrawal Threshold in Interpersonal Conflicts Questionnaire, which depicted 30 different interpersonal conflict situations, and the Adolescents’ Perception of Divorce as Indicator of Withdrawal Threshold. The results do not support the study's main hypothesis. That is, adolescents with divorced parents do not respond to depicted interpersonal conflict situations with a lower withdrawal threshold than those from intact families. However, the results do show that adolescents from intact families are more likely than those with divorced parents to judge divorce as indicating a low withdrawal threshold. These and other results are discussed within the framework of the behavioural‐modelling theory and in terms of the generalisability of divorce as a kind of withdrawal response to other types of conflict.     

离异家庭对儿童的影响及其应对策略

家庭是构成社会的最基础的单位。儿童出生后，长期生活在特定的家庭中，在家庭中获得安全，得到支持，进而学习情绪控制，发展社会行为。T·帕金斯曾形象地把家庭比成“制造人格的工厂”。然而家庭离异的存在，打破了这一份和谐，并且或多或少对其儿童的身体、心理造成一定的负面影响。     

父母离异学生心理状况的调查研究

我校心理课题组用了一年的时间,通过问卷调查、家访、写信、走访居委会、谈心、心理咨询、心理测量、家长会等形式,对我校高一到高三年级93位父母离异学生的现状和心理状况进行了调查,得出了令人吃惊的结果。一、父母离异学生的现状1.离婚后,孩子随其中一方生活,周末或假期父母     

Improving Multiple-Choice Test Performance for Examinees with Different Levels of Test Anxiety

The effectiveness of a strategy for improving performance on multiple-choice items for examinees was assessed. An aptitude-treatment interaction model was used to test the possibility of different treatment effects for examinees with different levels of test anxiety. Undergraduate measurement students responded to the Mandler-Sarason Test Anxiety Scale and to an objective test covering course content. For low-anxious examinees, generation of an answer before selecting a multiple-choice response led to higher test performance; for highly test anxious examinees, there was a slightly negative effect on performance.     

Revisiting the Role of Worries in Explaining the Link Between Test Anxiety and Test Performance

Educational Psychology Review - The inverse relationship between test anxiety and test performance is commonly explained by test-anxious students’ tendency to worry about a test and the...     

Misunderstandings between Parents and Children

Today more and mere young men say that their parents don’t understand them well. They think their parents are very striet with them and don‘t give them enough space to do their own things which they like to. They even think their parents are out of touch with modern life. So,generally speaking, they don‘ t want to talk with their parents, they don‘ t tell everything, especially their secret to their parents. It seems there is a gap between the parents and their children.     

Children of Lesbian and Gay Parents

This paper reviews research evidence regarding the personal and social development of children with gay and lesbian parents. Beginning with estimates of the numbers of such children, sociocultural, theoretical, and legal reasons for attention to their development are then outlined. In this context, research studies on sexual identity, personal development, and social relationships among these children are then reviewed. These studies include assessment of possible differences between children with gay or lesbian versus heterosexual parents as well as research on sources of diversity among children of gay and lesbian parents. Research on these topics is relatively new, and many important questions have yet to be addressed. To date, however, there is no evidence that the development of children with lesbian or gay parents is compromised in any significant respect relative to that among children of heterosexual parents in otherwise comparable circumstances. Having begun to respond to heterosexist and homophobic questions posed by psychological theory, judicial opinion, and popular prejudice, child development researchers are now in a position also to explore a broader range of issues raised by the emergence of different kinds of gay and lesbian families.     

The Factor Structure of Test Anxiety among Children with Different Characteristics1

Abstract:Gjesme, T. 1981. The Factor Structure of Test Anxiety among Children with Different Characteristics. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 25,63‐98. A principal component analysis with oblique rotation of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC) revealed five cognitive/worry‐oriented factors and two emotional/somatic‐oriented factors. The results, based on 849 5th graders, of a sex of S X Future Time Orientation (FTO) x Achievement Motives X Ability X Perceived Intrinsic Instrumentality (Pil) analysis of variance, revealed a number of explainable interactions for each subdimen‐sion of TASC indicating that the Achievement Motives, FTO, and Ability were the most important factors, whereas the instrumentality (PiI) revealed itself at the higher order interactions. An increase in instrumentality seemed to accentuate the influence of motives and FTO on several subdimensions of TASC.     

离异家庭儿童社会化发展失衡及其对策分析

指出离异家庭儿童的社会化发展失衡倾向主要表现在心理发展、亲子关系、社会环境等诸方面,阐述了社区教育社会化形态、社会化功效,认为应从开展社区活动、改善亲子关系、进行社情调查、组建专业团队来化解这一社会问题。