Selecting a Topic in Public Speaking

The first step in speechmaking is choosing a topic,which will decide the success of the speech.In the paper,we are go ing to discuss how to select a topic in public speaking,and we’ll mainly talk about the following:the speaker,the occasion and the audience,selecting a topic,specific methods for choosing a topic and available topics.     

现代西游记 例行事务如火烧眉睫（续篇）

话说Simmy好不容易从adjoining的困惑中释怀,正在这时,一位客人匆匆朝前台走来,常因为“火烧眉睫”（always experiencing things like the fire is singeing the eyebrows-a desperate situation;always in a hothaste;always running imminent／pressing errands）而练就成“火眼金睛”（having fiery eyes and diamond pupils-discerning eyes;having a piercing eye;having a penetrating insight）的Simmy一瞟便知,等待他的绝对不是小菜一碟……     

CVD金刚石膜的光电性能及其在辐射探测器中的应用

The outstanding properties of CVD diamond film such as electronic, optical, thermal and mechanical and the high radiation hardness have made it an ideal candidate material for radiation detectors in severe environments. Fabrication of ＇detector grade＇ CVD diamond films and development of CVD diamond detectors have been leading edge subjects. Micro-strip gas chamber （MSGC） fabricated on CVD diamond substrate would overcome the charge-up effect and the substrate instability, which has been a hotspot in the research of gas detectors.     

Speaker adapted dynamic lexicons containing phonetic deviations of words

Speaker variability is an important source of speech variations which makes continuous speech recognition a difficult task. Adapting automatic speech recognition （ASR） models to the speaker variations is a well-known strategy to cope with the challenge, Almost all such techniques focus on developing adaptation solutions within the acoustic models of the ASR systems. Although variations of the acoustic features constitute an important portion of the inter-speaker variations, they do not cover variations at the phonetic level. Phonetic variations are known to form an important part of variations which are influenced by both micro-segmental and suprasegmental factors. Inter-speaker phonetic variations are influenced by the structure and anatomy of a speaker＇s articulatory system and also his/her speaking style which is driven by many speaker background characteristics such as accent, gender, age, socioeconomic and educational class. The effect of inter-speaker variations in the feature space may cause explicit phone recognition errors. These errors can be compensated later by having appropriate pronunciation variants for the lexicon entries which consider likely phone misclassifications besides pronunciation. In this paper, we introduce speaker adaptive dynamic pronunciation models, which generate different lexicons for various speaker clusters and different ranges of speech rate. The models are hybrids of speaker adapted contextual rules and dynamic generalized decision trees, which take into account word phonological structures, rate of speech, unigram probabilities and stress to generate pronunciation variants of words. Employing the set of speaker adapted dynamic lexicons in a Farsi （Persian） continuous speech recognition task results in word error rate reductions of as much as 10.1% in a speaker-dependent scenario and 7.4% in a speaker-independent scenario.     

非谓语动词专项练习

用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. He entered the classroom ________ （follow） by a group of students. 2._________（not receive） a reply, we wrote again. 3._________ （inspire） by the expert＇s speech, Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.     

专题二 完形填空

（1）
（2013年河北省唐山市高三年级第一次模拟考试）
Everyone hates to wait in lines, feeling that our precious life is slipping away. But it＇s not always the _1_ of the wait that we find so unbearable.     

Manganese removal from the Qiantang River source water by pre-oxidation: A case study

We evaluated several different pre-oxidation treatments, namely the introduction of either potassium permanganate （KMnO4）, chlorine （Cl2）, or both to remove manganese （Mn） from the Qiantang River source water. Our results showed that Mn removal percentages were 12.7%, 71.0%, 17.4% and 58.7% when none of the oxidants, KMnO4 only, Cl2 only, or both oxidants were added, respectively. Furthermore, a field study showed that when the available Mn concentration in the source water was 0.14 mg/L, it could be reduced to less than 0.05 mg/L when a solution of KMnO4 （0.47 mg/L） was added as the oxidant.     

Let''''s Treasure the Forests

It's hard to imagine what the world would be like if there were no forests on the earth．Forests are of great importance to us human beings．They benefit us greatly！Forests are precious natural resources in the world．They not only provide people with timber（木材）and wood，but also help to keep water in the soil，clean the air by absorbing smoke and gases，reduce noise，and help peo-ple in many other ways．So a great number of forests will imporve our liv-ing conditions，and make our life more comfortable．     

A new method in highway route design: joining circular arcs by a single C-Bézier curve with shape parameter

We constructed a single C-Bezier curve with a shape parameter for G^2 joining two circular arcs. It was shown that an S-shaped transition curve, which is able to manage a broader scope about two circle radii than the Bezier curves, has no curvature extrema, while a C-shaped transition curve has a single curvature extremum. Regarding the two kinds of curves, specific algorithms were presented in detail, strict mathematical proofs were given, and the effectiveness of the method was shown by examples This method has the following three advantages： （1） the pattern is unified; （2） the parameter able to adjust the shape of the transition curve is available; （3） the transition curve is only a single segment, and the algorithm can be formulated as a low order equation to be solved for its positive root. These advantages make the method simple and easy to implement.     

Blind separation of speech signals based on wavelet transform and independent component analysis

Speech signals in frequency domain were separated based on discrete wavelet transform （DWT） and inde- pendent component analysis （ICA）. First, mixed speech signals were decomposed into different frequency domains by DWT and the subbands of speech signals were separated using ICA in each wavelet domain; then, the permutation and scaling problems of frequency domain blind source separation （BSS） were solved by utilizing the correlation between adjacent bins in speech signals; at last, source signals were reconstructed from single branches. Experiments were car- ried out with 2 sources and 6 microphones using speech signals at sampling rate of 40 kHz. The microphones were aligned with 2 sources in front of them, on the left and right. The separation of one male and one female speeches lasted 2.5 s. It is proved that the new method is better than single ICA method and the signal to noise ratio is improved by 1 dB approximately.     

Anodic oxidation of salicylic acid at Ta/BDD electrode

Boron-doped diamond （BDD） film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid （SA）. The effects of operational variables including initial concentration, current density, temperature and pH were examined. The results showed that BDD films deposited on the Ta substrates had high electrocatalytic activity for SA degradation. There was little effect ofpH on SA degradation. The current efficiency （CE） ,aas fbund to be dependent mainly on the initial SA concentration, current density and temperature. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） was reduced from 830 mg/L to 42 mg/L under a current density of200A/m^2 at 30℃.     

Dynamic voltage regulation and power export in a distribution system using distributed generation

The major aim of power quality （PQ） enhancing techniques is to maintain a specified voltage magnitude at a desired frequency for sensitive loads irrespective of faults on the power distribution network. The dynamic voltage restorer （DVR） is a device used to mitigate voltage sags to regulate load voltage. This paper presents a mathematical model for leading series voltage injection to mitigate sags thereby achieving the improvement of the utility power factor as well as power sharing between the DVR and utility. The power sharing will be as per requirement to compensate the sags considering the available distributed generation （DG）. The approach of mitigating voltage sags using the concept of leading series voltage injection is suitable for those locations where phase shift in the voltage will not cause any problem. The MATLAB/SIMULINK SimPowerSystem toolbox has been used to obtain simulation results to verify the proposed mathematical model.     

A Comparative Analysis of Casual Conversation and Institutional Talk

This article reflects on the process of transcribing spoken interaction and makes a comparative analysis of two different varieties of spoken interaction（casual conversation and institutional talk）. By doing so, it reveals how the different purposes of speech result in their distinctive characteristics, and shows how language is structured to construct ideational meanings（Field） and interpersonal meanings（Tenor） that define each context.     

Unit 20 Archaeology

一、课文导读 I.Read the text,and finish the following cloze. A man was found ______in a grave with a long ______. He was believed to________ at the age of 40. He laid on his left side________north- wards,_______ with him there were a lot of precious __ .     

有奖阅读

Drosselmeyer:Let's start at the castle. 就从城堡说起吧!Drosselmeyer:Castles are always fun. 城堡一向是很有意思的。Drosselmeyer: Once upon a time, there was a wonderful castle in a wonderful kingdom. 从前,在一个美丽的王国里有一座美丽的城堡。Drosselmeyer:A king, queen and their beautiful baby daughter, Princess Pearlypack. all lived in the castle. 国王,王后还有他们漂亮的女儿珍珠宝宝,都住在这个城堡里。     

Units1—2重点词汇

一、生词 1．undertake vt．＆vi．（undertook,undertaken） （1）to take up （a position）;start on（work）担任（职务）,从事,进行,承担eg：She undertook responsibility for the cost of the changes．     

Emerging Educational Institutional Decision-Making Matrix

The ＂emerging educational institutional decision-making matrix＂ is developed to allow educational institutions to adopt a rigorous and consistent methodology of determining which of the myriad of emerging educational technologies will be the most compelling for the institution, particularly ensuring that it is the educational or pedagogical but not the technological imperative that drives the technology integration agenda. The matrix is designed to be used after some initial research into an emerging technology. Once a technology is put through the matrix, a member of options are available： （1） shelving the technology; （2） putting the technology on hold and maintaining a watching brief until the technology matures in the market; and （3） researching the product further by conducting a trial or placing in testing sandpit. After further research, the technology can be tested as a pilot to determine how well or otherwise, the technology works within the institution. If an emerging technology has more than one product associated with it, a second and third step in the matrix has been developed, and the second step assigns a rating to each of the categories within the matrix. With many products containing similar features, a third step has been developed to compare products on a feature level.     

钢之炼金术士

Official site:http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Animation/hagaren/ The legend tells of a mystical artifact that when it used its possessor's power will increase a thousand fold.Anyone possessing this artifact could in theory produce an elixir of extraordinary power that would heal all injuries,and give them everlasting life.It is rumored to be red;a brilliant,sparkling crimson rivaling the most precious jewel in any museum.The stone's power is equal to the greatest of Nature's fury and beauty alike.     

Refusal Speech Acts in Chinese and American English

Refusals are frequently performed in our daily lives.Based on the speech act theory of Austin and Searle,with the theoretical frame of the politeness theory put forward by Brown and Levinson,It presents a comparative study of speech acts of refusal in Chinese and American English.The results show that refusals vary in directness with situations and cultures;On the one hand,both languages employ the three directness types,namely the direct refusal speech act,ability of negation and indirect refusal speech act,and prefer indirect refusals.The situational variability of directness in both languages follows a similar trend.On the other hand,Americans are more direct than Chinese.Furthermore,Chinese shows the lower degree of situational variation in the use of the three directness types.People’ s choices of refusal strategies are influenced by social power and social distance.From all these evidence,we maintain that the cross-linguistic differences are due to basic differences in cultural values.     

Rate-distortion optimized bitstream switching for peer-to-peer live streaming

Peer-to-peer （P2P） technology provides a cost-effective and scalable way to distribute video data. However, high heterogeneity of the P2P network, which rises not only from heterogeneous link capacity between peers but also from dynamic variation of available bandwidth, brings forward great challenge to video streaming. To attack this problem, an adaptive scheme based on rate-distortion optimization （RDO） is proposed in this paper. While low complexity RDO based frame dropping is exploited to shape bitrate into available bandwidth in peers, the streamed bitstream is dynamically switched among multiple available versions in an RDO way by the streaming server. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme based on RDO achieves great gain in overall perceived quality over simple heuristic schemes.