从学生错误看影响顺利完成交际的文化因素

文化差异通常是阻碍交际能力发挥 ,引起交际障碍的因素 ,要防止和减少由此导致的文化错误 ,不仅要在语言教学中融入文化教学 ,还必须弄清楚那些文化因素需要在教学中优先导入。本文主要对中国学生常犯的几类典型文化错误进行归纳分析 ,从中找出最经常、最直接影响语言交际的文化因素     

以杆长平方和为目标函数进行形状优化的二次规划方法

给出了桁架结构形状优化的一种分层方法，即分为截面层优化和节点层优化．在节点层，不以结构的重量作为目标函数，而以杆长平方和作为目标函数，形成了标准的二次规划，采用Ｌｅｍｋｅ方法即可求解．     

SCHOOL STRESS AS A FACTOR IN CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO TESTS AND TESTING

Response styles are conceptualized as stress reactions, and the stressful school experiences of acquiescent, negativistic, self-enhancing, and self-derogating children are studied. It was found that school interpersonal stress was lower among acquiescent than negativistic Ss, while school academic stress was higher among self-enhancing than self-derogating Ss. One of the major implications of the conceptual approach and empirical results is that tests might be generally improved by identifying the kinds of stressful experiences Ss have had, and relating these to the kinds of responses Ss make to tests and testing. In addition, while the importance of the reaction of Ss to the measuring process is generally accepted, much more needs to be done on the kinds of responses individuals make to the content, in comparison to the conditions, of testing. Finally, these observations are particularly pertinent to tests and testing in schools, especially when the teacher is involved in the process and makes tests and testing stressful. This will tend to increase the effects of response style tendencies and decrease the validity of tests.     

定时器/计数器工作波特率发生器的串口通信的应用

本文详细介绍了在MCS～51系列单片机与PC机多机通讯中,以8032或8052的定时器／计数器工作波特率发生器进行通信时,串口、T2的有关设置波特率的计算。同时给出了MAX232外围硬件接口,给出了串口通讯的软件模块．     

试论科学教育中内容目标与过程目标的融合

过程目标与内容目标是课程目标的两个方面,因此在教学中应将两者相融合.这既是科学知识及其方法的认识本身是一个过程在科学教育中的反映,也是培养创新人才的时代要求,以及一般问题解决策略研究和教学实践的经验教训对科学教育的启示.融合的策略是：1.制定与内容标准相对应的过程标准;2.构建内容与过程相结合的教科书体系;3.结合实际制定具体的内容与过程目标,并创设学生积极参与学习活动的教学氛围,让学生建构知识的意义;4.建立结果评价与过程评价并重的评价机制.     

THE CONURBATION STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA AND THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY STUDY OF HANGZHOU AS AN INTERNATIONAL TOURIST CITY

ＬＩＴＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＲＥＶＩＥＷＡＮＤＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＴｈｅｅａｒｌｉｅｓｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｉｔｉｅｓｄａｔｅｓｂａｃｋｔｏ 1 91 5ｗｈｅｎＰ .Ｇａｉｄｙｓ,ｔｈｅｆｏｒｅｒｕｎ ｎｅｒｏｆＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｕｒｂａｎａｎｄｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ,ｉｎｉｔｉ ａｔｅｄｔｈｅｉｄｅａｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｉｔｙ .Ｉｎ 1 966,ＰｅｔｅｒＨａｌｌ,ｔｈｅＢｒｉｔｉｓｈｓｃｈｏｌａｒｒｅｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｔｈｅｃｏｎ ｃｅｐｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎ…     

柑桔砧木愈伤组织离体接种对于裂皮病的抗性研究

本试验建立了柑桔生产上常用砧木的愈伤组织系统,采用摸索出来的离体接种技术将柑桔裂皮病类病毒(Cit-rus exocortis viroid,CEV)接种到愈伤组织上。各砧木愈伤组织对CEV侵染反应的差异表明,枳柚、宜昌橙愈伤组织最抗CEV,而枳、枳橙最敏感。本文还初步探讨了离体条件下筛选CEV复制抑制剂的方法。     

湖南交通职业技术学院

湖南交通职业技术学院是隶属湖南省交通运输厅的一所全日制公办普通高等学校,是全国百所国家示范性高等职业院校之一。学院设有路桥工程学院、汽车工程学院、机电工程学院等8个二级学院。     

COMPUTERIZED DIAGNOSTIC TESTING

Efforts to use computers for diagnostic testing in education require appropriate psychometric and technological strategies and, equally important, good theoretical foundations as to what constitutes a diagnosis and how it is to be discerned in an examinee's performance. Although at present this combination is infrequent in education, for some years it has been in evidence in computer-managed diagnosis in medicine. For comparable success in the field of education, it is argued that artificial intelligence algorithms may provide a suitable avenue for developing diagnostic testing further.     

文化相对主义和文化交流

化进化主义有三条预设，均遭到了大量的反驳，代之而起的化相对主义是指导现今化交流的唯一选择。在此条件的化交流必须采纳一些公认的原则作为基础。化交流的结果是导致一体化还是促进本土化是一个经验问题，而不是理论问题，只能依靠实践加以解决。