The mathematics of error correcting quantum codes

In the previous part of this article, we discussed the basic ideas of quantum probability theory and used them to describe a quantum channel with noise. In the concluding part of this article, we develop the basic theory of quantum errorcorrecting codes and present a few examples.     

量子通信技术

介绍以光学系统来实现量子密码通信的原理和实验。以双狭缝量子干涉实验为例说明光子的波粒二象性，量子纠缠现象。简要介绍纠缠光子对和Bell不等式，重点介绍BB84和B92两种协议的编码原理和密钥分配过程，扼要介绍量子传态。分析了量子密码的实验发展现状。应用前景。     

At the root of things

Modern theories of fundamental interactions describe strong, electromagnetic and weak interactions as quantum field theories with certain kinds of embedded internal symmetries called ‘gauge symmetries’. This article introduces quantum field theories and gauge symmetries to the uninitiated.     

普朗克的量子化烦恼与数学上的第一次危机--兼论全同性原理是量子力学第一原理

通过比较普朗克对能量量子化假说的忧患和第一次数学危机 ,更深入地看清了两者的实质 ,并揭示了史学方法在科学研究中的重要性。最后扼要说明全同性原理是量子力学的第一原理     

Quantum computing 1. Building blocks of a quantum computer

In this article we have seen how the principles of quantum physics can be exploited in making a computational device. However, we still haven’t seen the kind of algorithms a quantum computer would use and how they would be different from traditional algorithms. We will look at these issues in the next part of this article, with the help of Shor’s famous factorization algorithm. We will also briefly mention some practical issues and the progress achieved so far.     

范·弗拉森的量子理论的解释思想

范·弗拉森的量子理论的解释思想不仅是他的一般科学哲学理论——建构经验论的重要科学思想基础 ,也是建构经验论在量子力学哲学中的具体体现。本文主要从量子力学作为一般科学理论的解释、量子理论的主要解释问题和量子测量的模态解释三个层次 ,深入浅出地介绍范·弗拉森的这一重要思想 ,并概括地说明它与建构经验论的关系。     

改进的量子进化算法及其在TSP问题中的应用

本文针对量子进化算法在解决实际问题中遇到的困难，提出一种改进的量子进化算法，作者进一步解释了这种进化算法在TSP问题中的应用。     

基于腔QED的量子纠缠态的制备及应用

量子纠缠态是一种重要而有用的物理＂资源＂,在量子计算和量子通信中起着极为重要的作用。在量子通信中,信息的处理离不开量子态及其演化。量子纠缠态是各种量子态中最为重要的一种,它用于检验量子力学的基本原理,也是实现量子通信的重要信道,所以纠缠态的制备和操作就显得特别重要。探讨了腔量子电动力学（腔QED）的理论方案,在给出量子纠缠态的定义和度量的基础上、理论上实现了在共振相互作用腔QED中两原子纠缠态和多原子纠缠态的制备,并简要介绍量子纠缠态在量子信息中的应用。     

电磁矢势A有物理意义

通常人们认为电磁矢势A^→的环量才有物理意义，而每点上的A^→值是没有直接的物理意义。本从场的能量、动量角度；从量子力学水平上通过实验对A^→进行直接观测的角度，提出A^→应该是具有物理意义的物理量。     

量子信息的物理实现及发展概况

文章指出了量子信息处理的物理实现方案有：离子阱（Ion trap），腔量子电动力学（腔QED），核磁共振（NMR），量子点（Quantumdot），基于Josephson结的超导系统等。着重介绍了最有前景的腔QED方案，同时介绍了量子信息的发展概况，并指出目前亟待解决的问题。     

量子物理学的基石——纪念普朗克提出量子概念100周年

量子概念的建立是现代物理学的一个起点 .本文简述了普朗克的生平及其提出量子概念的研究过程 ,并探讨了他的物理学思路和哲学信念     

量子博弈的性别之战

量子博弈包含古典博弈,在某些博弈中可以取得精确的结果,在采取相同的策略时,取得的结果是一致的。采用量子理论的分析方法与古典博弈分析方法,分析性别之战,例析这一结果。     

概率波新释

分析了固体材料中影响价电子状态的因素及价电子状态的量子力学描述方法,给几率波意义的阐释提供了一种物理图像;讨论了凝聚态物理学理论的发展困境及难点,认为量子力学方法描述凝聚态系统是合适的,但是可能由于计算工具、方法、模型等方面的问题阻碍了凝聚态物理学理论的发展。     

The Pendulum as a Vehicle for Transitioning from Classical to Quantum Physics: History,Quantum Concepts,and Educational Challenges

In this article we use the pendulum as the vehicle for discussing thetransition from classical to quantum physics. Since student knowledgeof the classical pendulum can be generalized to all harmonic oscillators,we propose that a quantum analysis of the pendulum can leadstudents into the unanticipated consequences of quantum phenomenaat the atomic level. We intend to illustrate how classical deterministicphysical ideas are replaced by a point of view that contains bothdeterministic and probabilistic aspects. For example, the wave functioncontains probabilistic information but it evolves in time according toa fixed law, the Schrodinger equation. Discussion of the transition fromclassical to quantum thinking is historically grounded in the work oftwentieth-century physicists who developed quantum ideas. We seeapplication to current science in areas such as semiconductors, optics,GPS systems, and superconductivity. Our notion is that ascientifically-literatepublic should have a sense of the broad, conceptual schemes in modernphysics, as well as those associated with classical physics. We discusseducational challenges and strategies connected to including quantum theoryin a general education physics course. Our work would have otherapplications in college and secondary school settings.     

基于QPSO的二级齿轮减速器的优化设计

基于量子粒子群算法理论,对二级齿轮减速器进行优化设计,并利用MATLAB软件对量子粒子群算法程序进行了设计验证。从实验结果来看,运用量子粒子群算法很好地实现了减小齿轮中心距的要求,收敛速度快,得到的结果令人较为满意。     

Heisenberg’s invention of matrices

Richard Feynman once said: “nobody understands quantum mechanics”. Still, those who devised it are perhaps the ones closest to understanding their creation. It suggests that whenever the weirdness of quantum mechanics haunts you, it is better to go back to its creators in terms of their original publications. In the present article, the author has tried to seek help from Heisenberg’s 1925 paper, in order to reduce the weirdness of going from classical observables to quantum operators.     

量子计算中的几个组合问题

解决了量子计算中的几个组合问题。     

The 2012 nobel prize in physics

The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J Wineland “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems”. In this article, we discuss how the experiments of the two Laureates have taught us how to study single quantum particles — using photons to study single atoms in the case of Wineland, and using atoms to study single photons in the case of Haroche. Their work may some day lead to a superfast quantum computer.     

伟大的科学家玻尔

本从原子结构、原子光谱和量子力学三个方面介绍了玻尔对科学的贡献。     

对应原理的作用与思考

分析了在量子论的提出和量子力学的建立过程中,对应原理在物理思想和方法论上的启发和指导作用;讨论了对应原理的思想内涵,认为对应原理反映了当物质的某些属性在极限情况下可以忽略时,普遍性的物理模型趋同于特殊性的物理模型,普遍性的理论可以过渡到特殊性的理论,在结论上趋同于特殊性的理论。